基于显式动力学理论的冰桨碰撞数值分析

船舶在冰区环境中航行时,螺旋桨不可避免地会与冰块发生碰撞作用。针对冰区环境冰桨碰撞问题,以显式动力学理论为基础,某多功能船舶的螺旋桨为研究对象,建立了冰桨碰撞模型。使用Ansys有限元计算方法分析了不同速度、不同碰撞位置、不同尺寸大小的冰块对螺旋桨碰撞的动态影响。结果表明,冰块速度、碰撞位置、冰块尺寸对螺旋桨的损坏有着明显影响,定性得出冰桨之间的碰撞规律。     

碎冰区航行船舶螺旋桨载荷数值模拟研究

冰区航行船舶螺旋桨会与碎冰发生碰撞,产生的冰载荷对螺旋桨的危害较大。本文模拟冰锥与刚体碰撞试验以验证计算方法的可行性,基于ALE算法的流固耦合分析方法对不同冰层厚度、密集度以及螺旋桨进速的冰桨碰撞进行研究。研究发现,冰载荷与冰厚基本呈正相关性,冰厚大于0.75 m时,冰载荷成连续分布且最大值增长迅速。冰载荷平均值与冰区密集度呈递增关系,最大值与密集度不呈递增关系,当密集度大于7/10时,冰载荷影响剧烈。螺旋桨进速越大,冰载荷越大,进速大于1.5 m/s时,冰载荷增长迅速。通过冰桨数值模拟分析,为实际船舶螺旋桨在碎冰区航行提供参考。     

冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨强度的有限元分析

论文研究了冰载荷下船舶螺旋桨的强度问题。基于冰载荷经验公式和五种典型计算工况,利用有限元法进行了冰载荷下螺旋桨的强度分析。建立了一种冰/桨叶碰撞计算模型,对碰撞过程中接触力的变化及螺旋桨的动态响应进行了研究。计算结果可供螺旋桨结构设计时参考。     

冰冲击载荷下螺旋桨轴系动态响应的变参数分析

螺旋桨和不同物理参数的海冰接触碰撞产生的冰载荷会对螺旋桨和推进轴系产生不同的影响,研究其对轴系的影响及轴系的响应规律可为推进轴系的设计和布置提供建议。该文基于流固耦合方法,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件计算不同物理参数的海冰和螺旋桨接触碰撞时螺旋桨受到的冰载荷并分析其冰载荷的变化规律,把获取的冰载荷输入到ABQUAS,计算了对应的冰载荷下的船舶推进轴系的应力、应变值,分析了推进轴系的应力、应变值,得到推进轴系的响应规律;得出推进轴系的动态响应受冰载荷的影响较大,随着海冰径向距离的减小而增大,随海冰尺寸和速度的增大而增大,故对冰区船舶的推进装置而言,其强度有着更高的要求。     

非冻结模型冰-螺旋桨切削状态的试验研究

冰-螺旋桨的切削过程十分复杂，如何精确掌握冰桨作用模式和揭示冰桨作用机理对冰区螺旋桨理论研究和设计极其重要。本文介绍了利用冰桨切削试验平台开展的不同冰材料、螺旋桨尺度、切削深度、冰推送速度及螺旋桨转速时的冰桨切削试验研究，以及对螺旋桨冰载荷、遮蔽效应和冰桨作用模式进行的测量和分析。试验结果表明：通过高速摄像机对冰桨切削过程的捕捉证明了桨叶遮蔽效应的存在；相同切削深度时，螺旋桨尺度越大，桨叶受到的遮蔽效应越严重；冰桨切削深度越深，桨叶受到的遮蔽效应越严重，且螺旋桨中受到遮蔽效应的桨叶也越多；随着冰块推送速度的增加，模型冰的破坏模式由剪切断裂破坏逐渐向局部挤压破坏和剪切断裂破坏转变；极地船舶破冰航行过程中，可适当地提高螺旋桨转速，以减小螺旋桨受到的冰载荷，提高破冰能力。     

考虑预加水压力的船冰碰撞动态结构响应研究

针对水介质环境及水介质环境下速度、角度对船舶的结构响应影响机理,利用船舶CFD技术及非线性有限元法模拟水介质中的船-冰碰撞。对比研究船舶在有、无水介质环境下结构响应特性及水介质环境下不同速度、角度的动态结构响应特性,揭示了船舶在不同工况下的损伤变形及碰撞力规律,得到了有、无水介质环境、碰撞速度、碰撞角度等因素对船-冰碰撞的影响机理,为船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

航行于碎冰区船舶冰阻力与冰响应探析

[目的]为了分析冰区航行船舶与碎冰之间的相互作用,[方法]运用离散元模型结合欧拉多相流,对船舶在碎冰区域航行时船体与碎冰之间的相互作用关系进行探索。计算不同航速、不同碎冰密集度下船体的受力情况,并对冰船接触冰时的运动响应进行分析,从直观上解释碎冰阻力的变化原因,以及桨前来冰的运动情况。[结果]得出船体所受冰阻力主要是由碎冰与船体表面的摩擦和碰撞产生,并随航速的增大而增大,但当航速增大到一定值后,碎冰阻力不再增加,甚至还有减小的趋势。[结论]研究的工作可为冰区船型优化及其螺旋桨设计提供理论支撑。     

船舶与冰排碰撞结构响应研究

冰排的层厚、流速以及特性在很大程度上影响船舶与冰排碰撞的结构响应。本文分别建立船舶和冰排的有限元模型,采用LS-DYNA进行碰撞接触计算,模拟船艏与冰排发生碰撞。主要考虑相同条件下分别改变冰排厚度、运动状态以及物理性质等单个碰撞参数,对比研究不同碰撞工况下船舶的损伤变形、碰撞力等结构响应差异。得出上述因素对船—冰碰撞的影响规律,为提高船舶抗冰载荷设计提供参考。     

水介质对船冰碰撞结构响应的影响

以极地运输船舶艏部作为研究对象,建立基于流固耦合算法的船-水-冰耦合技术对三维船艏与冰体碰撞的结构响应问题进行了研究,结合非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对比分析了考虑流固耦合(即有水介质)的船-水-冰碰撞模型和不考虑流固耦合(即无水介质)的船-冰碰撞模型与同质量不同速度的冰体发生碰撞下的结构响应问题,揭示了不同碰撞工况下船舶在损伤变形、碰撞力、速度等方面的变化特征及差异,同时阐述了水介质在船冰碰撞中的作用,可以为极地运输船舶的抗冲击结构设计提供参考。     

冰载荷作用下船舶电力推进装置控制策略研究

船舶在极地海域航行时,将面对恶劣的冰载荷工况,冰-桨的相互作用致使船舶推进系统产生转速降,系统同时产生较大的扭矩波动,动力推进系统的安全受到威胁。论文以某重型破冰船电力推进系统为研究对象,建立电力推进系统转速-时间仿真模型和扭振时域动态响应计算数学模型,重点研究了冰载荷激励力矩作用时电力推进系统在不同调速控制策略下的电机转速降及轴系扭矩动态响应,通过全转速分析得到不同调速控制策略下电机转速降和轴段最恶劣冰载荷扭矩幅值随初始转速的分布规律,并对推进系统在各冰载荷工况及各冰厚条件下的螺旋桨破冰性能作出了预测,结果可为冰区电力推进装置的设计及性能分析提供参考。     

Experimental study on a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a model azimuthing podded propulsor in ice-covered water. Model tests were carried out with two different depths of cut into the ice (15 and 35 mm), two different ice conditions (presawn and pack ice conditions), and four different azimuthing angles. The depth of cut is the maximum penetration depth of the propeller blade into the ice block. The 0.3-m-diameter model propeller was operated in a continuous ice milling condition. Ice loads were measured by several sensors which were installed in various positions on the model. Six one-axis pancake-style load cells on the top of the model measured the global loads and two six-component dynamometers were installed on the shaft to measure the shaft loads. One six-component dynamometer was attached to the one of the propeller blades inside the hub to measure the blade loads. The pod unit and propeller performance in ice are presented. Ice-related loads, which were obtained when the blade was inside the ice block, are introduced and discussed. During the propeller–ice interaction, a blade can experience the path generated by the previous blade, which is called the shadowing effect. The effects of shadowing, depth of cut, azimuthing angle, and advance coefficient on propulsor performance are presented and discussed.     

Dynamic responses analysis of a 5 MW spar-type floating wind turbine under accidental ship-impact scenario

Ship impact against offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) has been identified as one of the major hazards with the development of OFWTs. The dynamic responses of OFWTs under ship impact should be taken into consideration during the design phase. This paper addresses a study on the dynamic responses of an OFWT in ship collision scenarios. Firstly, a mathematical model for external mechanism of ship-OFWT collision scenario is developed. Secondly, this model is combined with an in-house programme, DARwind, which can be used to predict nonlinear dynamic responses of whole OFWT system in time-domain. With the newly combined analysis tool, simulation cases for different scenarios are conducted to investigate the nonlinear dynamic responses of OFWT system, including the cases of still water condition, wave-only condition and wind-wave condition. It is shown that in still water condition, the ship impact will more obviously change the responses of motions and mooring system, compared with those in wave and wave-wind conditions. In the wave-only condition, these motions responses of platform are suppressed by wave effect, but the tower vibration and tower top deformation are sensitive to ship collision. For the wave-wind combined condition, the motions increment in surge and pitch due to ship collision becomes smaller than that of wave-only condition, but yaw motion has a considerable variation compared with those of the other two conditions. Additionally, the blade tip deformation increment due to ship collision are analyzed and it is found that the edgewise tip deformation got more obvious increment than that of flapwise. To further asses the safety of OFWT, the acceleration at nacelle are analyzed because some equipment might be sensitive to acceleration. The analysis results indicate that even though the OFWT structure doesn't get critical damage by ship impact, the equipment inside may still fail to work due to the high value of acceleration induced by ship impact. The research outcomes can benefit the safety design of OFWT in the engineering practice.     

冰区航行船层冰作用下的结构响应

船冰碰撞是一个复杂的动力学过程,如何得到碰撞中的冰载荷一直是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点之一.本文分别建立300000 t冰区航行船和层冰的有限元模型,基于弹塑性理论及非线性有限元理论,利用MSC.Dytran对其碰撞进行数值仿真,模拟了船首及层冰的接触碰撞过程,最终得到船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞力、船首结构响应、船航速变化及能量耗散等参数.分析船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞机理及特性,并对冰区航行船特别是其船壳提出结构加强的建议,为设计冰区航行船提供一定的参考.     

冰阻塞参数对螺旋桨水动力性能影响试验研究

针对冰水混合环境下冰阻塞逼近效应对螺旋桨水动力性能影响,在空泡水筒开展了均流和冰阻塞条件下的螺旋桨模型水动力性能试验,测试了冰桨轴向、垂向间距等冰阻塞参数对不同运行工况的螺旋桨模型水动力性能影响。试验结果表明,冰阻塞物一方面改变流场特征直接影响螺旋桨模型推力和扭矩,另一方面改变桨叶的空泡特性进而影响水动力性能。在无空化状态,随着垂向和轴向阻塞逼近程度的加深,在冰阻塞环境螺旋桨模型推力系数相比于均流可产生40%和20%的增加;而在桨叶严重空泡的重载状态,螺旋桨水动力随冰桨间距的变化不明显,桨叶的空泡效应减缓了冰阻塞效应的影响程度。     

Ice impact response and energy dissipation characteristics of PVC foam core sandwich plates: Experimental and numerical study

In this paper, the dynamic responses and energy dissipation characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam core sandwich plates under ice impact are investigated. The ice impact tests of PVC foam core sandwich plates were conducted by employing the horizontal impact experimental apparatus. The finite element simulations were conducted to analyze the dynamic response of PVC foam core sandwich plates based on soil and concrete material model for ice impactor. It was demonstrated that numerical results were in good agreement with experimental results. The deformation modes of the top facesheets were coupling of local indentation with global bending deformation, while the deformation modes of bottom facesheets were overall bending deformation. The permanent deformation of face sheets show that the impact resistance of sandwich plate is better than that of equivalent weight hull plate (EWHP). In addition, based on the actual navigation environment of ship, the effect of impact angle and ice floe shape on dynamic response and energy dissipation are analyzed.     

冰载荷冲击下的船舶推进轴系瞬态扭转振动响应分析

传统的推进轴系扭转振动响应计算聚焦于稳态响应,而传递矩阵法、系统矩阵法,可以取得满意的稳态计算结果,但无法处理冰区船舶、海洋工程船舶所遇到的变载荷、变惯量等瞬态工况。为了克服频域扭振计算方法在处理瞬态条件扭振问题的局限性,使用 Newmark 法从时域求解轴系扭转振动微分方程组,基于该算法对某船推进轴系在冰载荷作用下的瞬态响应做了数值计算。其结果表明,在冰载荷冲击下,轴系瞬态扭矩比稳态扭矩大;通过时频分析,在冰载荷作用期间,出现了明显的螺旋桨叶频激励,因此须避免冰载荷激励产生轴系扭转振动的叶次共振。 Newmark 法扭振计算结果与实船测试结果对比表明,该方法在稳态响应计算和时域曲线上都与实际测量结果基本一致,具有工程实用性。     

中国新型极地考察船冰载荷预估研究

本文针对中国新型极地考察船所受冰载荷进行了研究,其中包含了平整冰阻力和浮冰碰撞力.对于船舶设计者和建造者来说,船舶冰载荷的预估非常重要.本文采用经验公式方法计算了该船在平整冰中航行的冰阻力,并且与模型试验结果进行了对比.结果显示,计算和试验结果中的冰阻力都随船舶航行速度的增大而增大,经验公式方法可以预测出合理的平整冰阻力.通过计算得到了该船的性能曲线,即该船在不同厚度平整冰中航行所能达到的速度.此外,本文还考虑了该船与圆形浮冰之间的三维斜向碰撞问题,采用解析方法评估了浮冰对船舶的撞击力,研究了撞击位置、法向框架角度以及浮冰尺寸对碰撞力的影响.基于计算结果,本文就冰载荷的预测进行了讨论并提出了一些建议.