用于汽车动力学实时仿真的悬架建模方法的研究

针对汽车动力学实时仿真的要求提出一种新的悬架建模方法—复合约束隔离解耦建模方法。将悬架系统视为连接车身和车轮之间的无质量复合约束,基于这个概念建立的悬架系统模型,由于实现有质量刚体的相互隔离及代数方程与微分方程的解耦,提高了模型求解效率。应用该方法建立的悬架模型,由于是面向结构的模型,因而可较为准确地描述悬架动态特性,同时由于求解效率的提高又能够满足仿真实时性的要求。     

越野车辆典型地形通过性建模与仿真

以某型8×8越野车辆为研究对象,对车辆的轮胎、悬架等关键模型进行了分析,得出了轮胎内压与轮胎刚度基本成线性关系的结论,建立了轮胎的粘弹性有限元模型;以多体动力学理论建立了车辆的8自由度动力学模型.对比分析了微分-代数方程组解法的优缺点,采用Gear算法实现了方程组的解算.实车试验与仿真结果对比表明,所建立的典型地形通过性仿真系统与实车测试有较好的吻合性.     

应用于车辆实时动力学仿真的悬架模型

针对车辆动力学实时仿真的要求提出一种新的悬架建模方法。将悬架系统视为车身与车轮之间的无质量复合约束，利用悬架杆系的多体运动学模型和准动力学模型来分析悬架系统的运动和力学传动特性，从而悬架动力学问题简化为代数方程组的求解。与基于侧倾／力矩中心理论建立的等交悬架模型相比，该方法可分析悬架杆系内部作用力，并能更准确地描述悬架在水平方向的约束作用；与应用传统多体动力学理论建立的模型相比，该方法解决了仿真实时性的问题。基于这种方法建立了国产某轿车麦弗逊式悬架模型，并将仿真结果和道路试验及ADAMS仿真结果进行了对比，有较好的一致性。     

基于动力学模型的三轴汽车仿真系统研究

以多刚体系统动力学为基础,考虑悬架KC特性,应用达朗贝尔惯性力原理,建立中后桥双胎三轴重型载货汽车26自由度非线性动力学模型。采用迭代算法求解微分方程,利用Matlab编制了三轴汽车仿真系统的程序,并基于样车数据与Adams和Truck Sim进行对比仿真。结果表明,在Matlab中创建的基于动力学模型的三轴汽车仿真系统,在保证高仿真精度的同时,也具有较高的运算速度,不仅能提高三轴汽车的研发效率,减少开发风险,且对于三轴汽车动力学软件的开发具有一定的借鉴意义。     

汽车动力学性能的计算机仿真

计算机仿真技术是研究汽车动力学性能的重要手段之一。本文提出了一种汽车动力学模型，建立了动力学方程及求解方法，编制了汽车动力学性能计算机仿真程序（ＡＤＰＣＳＰ），并给出了应用实例。     

汽车悬架多刚体动力学分析及九点控制

汽车机械系统的建模、分析与求解始终是动力学的关键问题,为快速准确地求解分析,文章借助多刚体系统动力学的拉格朗日法对汽车悬架进行分析,建立了基于多刚体系统动力学的主动悬架系统模型,并采用九点控制策略进行了理论分析和计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,以多刚体动力学方法同九点控制策略相结合的汽车悬架系统性能良好。     

轮胎动态模型研究的进展

轮胎是汽车唯一接地部件,它提供汽车运动需要的所有驱动、转向和制动力。轮胎力学是汽车动力学的基础。汽车动力学及其控制技术的进一步发展有赖于精确的轮胎动态模型技术。该文综述了轮胎动态模型发展历史与现状,这包括:汽车操稳仿真模型、汽车舒适性仿真模型和汽车疲劳载荷仿真模型。从建模方法的角度,即基于物理的、基于实验的和基于结构的三类方法,对轮胎动态模型的优缺点进行了梳理。可以预计:轮胎动态模型的未来发展将以基于结构的先进轮胎模型为主,与汽车动力学仿真、汽车主动安全系统开发深度融合,并最终走向汽车—轮胎—道路相互作用定量化理论。     

汽车性能计算机模拟仿真的研究

本文在汽车多自由度模型基础上，建立了汽车动力学方程和求解方法编制了汽车性能计算机模拟仿真程序，并用实例，验证了其程序的正确性。     

汽车全工况操纵和制动动力学17自由度的建模与仿真

本文描述了１７自由度汽车全工况操纵与制动过程动力学模型的建模，仿真与验证。该模型考虑了侧风，有无防抱系统，高速，变车速，双移线转变制动等各种极端工况，仿真结果与美国密执安大学的仿真结果十分吻合，证实了该算法与模型具有很好的精度。     

基于凯恩方法的汽车悬架实时仿真模型

提出了一种用于汽车动力学实时仿真的悬架建模方法。将悬架系统模型建成为连接车身和车轮的无质量复合铰,并基于凯恩方法推导了悬架复合铰的运动方程。在满足动力学实时仿真要求的同时不降低悬架系统的运动学精度。利用该方法建立了某轿车面向结构的麦弗逊式前悬架模型,并集成到由符号计算软件产生的该轿车的多体动力学模型中。仿真与实车道路试验结果的对比表明该悬架模型具有较高的仿真精度。     

Real-time capable vehicle–trailer coupling by algorithms for differential-algebraic equations

The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle–trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle–trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers.     

Real-time capable vehicle-trailer coupling by algorithms for differential-algebraic equations

The real-time simulation of vehicle trains requires an accurate and numerically feasible representation of the vehicle-trailer coupling. Although the equations of motion for the chassis instances can be reduced to systems of ordinary differential equations, additional constraints on the relative motion of vehicle and trailer are introduced when considering the hitch. In this article, we present a strategy for the simulation of vehicle-trailer combinations, where the algebraic constraints of the coupling are treated explicitly. Although this approach allows exact modeling of the respective joint geometry and realistic calculation of the coupling forces, a suitable numerical algorithm is required in order to solve the resulting differential-algebraic system of index 3 in real-time. The implementation in a commercial vehicle dynamics program is discussed and real-time simulation results are shown, which prove its feasibility for different coupling joints and demanding driving maneuvers.     

非线性车辆瞬态侧倾模型研究分析

建立非线性车辆瞬态侧倾模型,采用ADAMS仿真的方法对上述模型进行求解。分析了车辆瞬态侧倾过程中相关参数的变化及各参数之间的相互关系,证明采用ADAMS模型仿真求解非线性微分方程是一种方便可行的方法。     

Process Save Reduction by Macro Joint Approach: The Key to Real Time and Efficient Vehicle Simulation

Applying a non-linear model reduction method to the tire suspension system of road vehicles enables an automatic transfer of complex offline simulation vehicle models to a mathematical model, which fits the real time simulation requirements. The basic assumption, that high frequent inner suspension dynamics are not relevant to handling manoeuvres, converts the differential algebraic equation system (DAE) of suspensions with kinematical closed loops into pure elasto-kinematical linkage equations. The equations of motions can be represented as an ordinary differential equation system (ODE) and considerable simulation time reductions are obtained for the off-line simulation and real time simulation is enabled. This so-called macro joint approach is an alternative modelling method to the well-known look-up table representation of suspension kinematics but it keeps the parameterisation of the original suspension model and is suitable to parameterised real time MBS models. With a second step the dynamics, caused by compliance in the suspension bushings, are reduced to their quasi-static behaviour. The consideration of these quasi-elasticity has nearly no influence on the necessary simulation time. This contribution shows the theoretical background and demonstrates the advantage of the macro joint model reduction approach on a typical vehicle example.     

Process Save Reduction by Macro Joint Approach: The Key to Real Time and Efficient Vehicle Simulation

Applying a non-linear model reduction method to the tire suspension system of road vehicles enables an automatic transfer of complex offline simulation vehicle models to a mathematical model, which fits the real time simulation requirements. The basic assumption, that high frequent inner suspension dynamics are not relevant to handling manoeuvres, converts the differential algebraic equation system (DAE) of suspensions with kinematical closed loops into pure elasto-kinematical linkage equations. The equations of motions can be represented as an ordinary differential equation system (ODE) and considerable simulation time reductions are obtained for the off-line simulation and real time simulation is enabled. This so-called macro joint approach is an alternative modelling method to the well-known look-up table representation of suspension kinematics but it keeps the parameterisation of the original suspension model and is suitable to parameterised real time MBS models. With a second step the dynamics, caused by compliance in the suspension bushings, are reduced to their quasi-static behaviour. The consideration of these quasi-elasticity has nearly no influence on the necessary simulation time. This contribution shows the theoretical background and demonstrates the advantage of the macro joint model reduction approach on a typical vehicle example.     

车流到达模型的求解与仿真研究

仿真技术为解决城市交通问题提供了重要手段,精确高效的车流到达模型是成功实现交通仿真的关键。在分析车流到达模型和车头时距概率分布规律的基础上,采用反函数法求解模型的概率分布函数产生随机数,并根据求解和仿真的需要用C#编程语言构建车流产生器、车辆等数据结构并实现算法,最后利用GDI＋图形接口实现模型的仿真、检验计算的正确性和效率。     

公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型研究

介绍了上海交通大学与吉林大学共同开发的微观交通仿真系统MTSS的体系结构;建立了公交网络描述模型、公交车辆产生模型、乘客需求模型、公交站点事件反应模型和公交车辆运行模型;以微观交通仿真系统MTSS为仿真平台构建了公交车辆运行微观仿真模型;对上海市斜土路非港湾式站点与华山路港湾式站点进行了实地数据调查,利用实测数据对建立的公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型进行了验证,测量值与仿真值之间的误差在10%以内。验证结果表明,建立的公交车辆运行微观交通仿真模型可以较好的描述公交车辆的运行过程以及与其他交通流之间的相互影响关系。     

公交枢纽内多线路车辆实时调度优化方法研究

公交枢纽内多线路车辆的实时调度能够提高换乘效率,特别对于已经进行了发车优化的公交线路而某些车辆到达出现延误的情况。根据线路的延迟到达时间和换乘客流量等因素建立了公交枢纽内多线路车辆的实时调度优化问题模型,提出了基于整个系统费用最小的优化目标函数,并运用随机扰动梯度近似算法对问题进行求解。最后结合算例分析了本文方法的应用。     

Simulation Approach to the Effect of the Ratio Changing Speed of a Metal V-Belt CVT on the Vehicle Response

In regard to the belt and pulley system of a metal V-belt CVT, the characteristics of the ratio changing speed is obtained by experiments. It is summarized in a practical and simple experimental equation. By using this equation a simulation model is developed to analyze the response of a vehicle with a metal V-belt CVT to a rapid pulley ratio change. The simulation results are in reasonable agreements with experimental results.     

汽车操纵稳定性与前轮摆振的非线性仿真分析

以某轿车为例,建立3自由度整车系统动力学模型,利用常微分方程稳定性理论和数值仿真计算,详细研究整车的稳态转向特性和系统失稳后的前轮摆振特性。阐明汽车的操纵稳定性与前轮摆振特性同属汽车整车稳定性问题,前者是负刚度系统,后者是负阻尼系统。在一定的参数组合下,具有不同转向特性的汽车都或多或少地存在摆振现象,这与实际情况相符,建议适当增加转向系阻尼和刚度以减小甚至消除摆振的发生。