控制气泡逸出技术的计算研究

采用欧拉方法的混合两相流模型及标准k-ε湍流模型,对采用控制气泡逸出技术的高速艇进行数值模拟,得到模型在喷气与不喷气状态下航行时的粘性流场,探讨不同控制气泡逸出方法对摩擦阻力减阻效果的影响,以寻求出使气泡在艇底保持及运动稳定性较好的最佳减阻措施。计算结果表明:在艇底加防溅条没有达到预期的减阻效果,优化后的新船型明显提高微气泡的减阻率。     

基于VOF方法的驻留微气泡形状稳定性仿真研究

亚微米级的驻留微气泡在强剪切流中发生变形,会导致将气泡简化为完全滑移刚性壁面而进行的数值仿真出现明显误差.文中采用了VOF方法求解驻留微气泡的气—液两相流平板Couette流场模型,利用剪切流粘性力与表面张力的比值毛细数Ca作为判据,得到了Ca=0.1作为亚毫米尺度微气泡在剪切流中发生显著变形的临界值,并将Ca＜＜0.1作为将驻留微气泡简化为完全滑移刚性壁面的适用条件.通过仿真得出滑移长度随毛细数增大而减小,当毛细数超过0.1时,驻留微气泡起到增阻作用.在微气泡不发生严重变形的前提下,选择尽量大尺寸的气泡有利于提高减阻效果.     

微织结构与微气泡复合减阻数值模拟与特性分析

微气泡减阻可有效降低船体航行中的阻力,微织结构也是降低摩擦力的有效方法之一。采用微织结构与微气泡复合减阻的方法,通过数值模拟的方法研究水流速度、气泡流量和气泡尺寸对减阻率的影响。结果表明：复合减阻率随水流速度的增大而减小;气泡流量增大,减阻率逐渐增大,当壁面附近气泡达到饱和空气量时,减阻率达到最大值后不再随气泡流量的增加而增大;以微气泡直径20μm为界限,20μm以下,气泡尺寸的增大导致减阻率下降,而20μm以上,减阻率基本保持不变,不再随气泡尺寸增大而变化。     

低速船舶微气泡减阻数值研究

为了研究船舶微气泡减阻规律,本文基于OpenFOAM中两相欧拉数值模型,对低速散货船进行微气泡减阻数值研究。对气液两相分别建立控制方程,考虑五种相间作用力及气泡聚合和破碎,采用考虑气泡影响的改进k-ε湍流模型,忽略自由面影响,采用叠模模型研究喷气量、气泡直径、航速及吃水等因素对船舶微气泡减阻的影响,分析气体体积分数、湍流粘度和气泡直径分布等。结果表明：微气泡可以同时减少船舶摩擦阻力、粘压阻力和总阻力;喷气量直接影响减阻率,喷气量越大,减阻率越高;较小气泡的平均气体体积分数较大且气体分布更均匀,同时湍流运动粘度较小,可以更有效减阻;气泡沿着流向会聚并,气泡越小聚并越剧烈;较高航速和小吃水更有利于减阻。     

提高气泡船减阻率的技术措施

通过对高速艇艇底不同位置加设纵向防逸条,来控制气泡沿船体横向的逸出,增大艇底气泡的体积浓度,提高气泡船的减阻效果。考虑船体横剖面形状对气泡逸出的影响,特别是纵剖线形状的影响,又对优化后的新船型进行了气泡减阻计算。通过对计算结果的比较分析,寻求控制气泡逃逸的最佳技术措施。     

国内外船舶气泡减阻技术的研究与应用

介绍国内外船舶气泡减阻技术的研究情况,包括微气泡减阻技术、气幕减阻技术及气膜减阻技术的试验研究和理论计算结果,特别是俄罗斯倾斜板气泡减阻技术、日本微气泡减阻技术和我国薄层气膜减阻技术的特点。同时,介绍国内外微气泡减阻理论方面的力学模型、数值计算方法和重要结论。回顾20世纪60年代以来气泡减阻技术在船舶上的应用情况,特别是俄罗斯、日本及丹麦等国设计的气泡减阻船舶的性能和节能效果。针对我国目前气泡减阻节能技术在实船上的应用现状,分析存在的问题和不足,探讨我国船舶气泡减阻技术的应用前景。     

平板微气泡减阻预报及影响因素研究

假定气-液两相流均匀混合,且微气泡在水流中存在滑移,运用流体计算软件Fluent中的混合多相流模型对平板微气泡减阻过程进行数值模拟,研究了微气泡流的减阻机理及喷气速度与主流速度之比、微气泡大小、空隙率分布等对水中运动平板减阻效果的影响规律,并指出微气泡减阻率为喷气速度与主流速度之比的非线性对数函数,且存在相对饱和喷气速度,同时建立了一个平板微气泡减阻率大小的预报模型,并从理论上对减阻效果进行了预报。     

高速艇尾部横剖面面积曲线变化对气泡减阻效果影响的数值模拟

对一内河高速艇,在保证排水量D及船长L不变的条件下,改变其尾部横剖面面积曲线形状,利用CFD商业软件FLUENT进行建模计算,模拟微气泡作用下船体周围的粘性流场,讨论尾部形状变化对气泡减阻效果的影响,计算结果表明,在中后底部具有较小斜升角的船舶,气泡稳定性好,有利于微气泡减阻.     

含微气泡二相湍流边界层减阻理论计算

利用边界层中注入微气泡降低固体壁面摩擦阻力的方法是一项有实用价值且有待进一步研究的减阻技术.本文以含有微气泡的湍流边界层为研究对象,以气液二相流理论为基础,建立了二相湍流边界层控制方程,在对控制方程进行详细讨论的基础上,利用差分网格法进行了求解,计算结果表明微气泡具有明显的减阻效果.最后对影响减阻效果的因素进行了分析,并指出了今后的研究方向.     

微气泡减阻的二相湍流边界层模型计算

利用边界层中注入微气泡来降低固体壁面摩擦阻力是一项有实用价值且有待进一步研究的减阻技术.本文以含微气泡的湍流边界层为研究对象,以气液二相流理论为基础,对二相湍流边界层控制方程进行了详细讨论,并利用差分网格法进行了求解,计算结果表明微气泡具有明显的减阻效果.最后对影响减阻效果的因素进行了分析,指出了今后的研究方向.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。