基于车辆动态控制的防侧翻方法分析研究

本文基于49CFR Part 575法规对车辆防侧翻评价指标进行初步探索,并利用CarSim软件建立具有高质心特性的SUV车辆模型,对车身、制动系统、转向系统、轮胎及悬架等子模块进行了定义,完成非线性动力学模型的建立,结合汽车动态控制系统,建立车辆防侧翻控制策略,同时,利用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink进行联合仿真,模拟SUV在极限工况Fishhook环境下的工作情况,验证防侧翻的作用效果,结果表明:防侧翻策略有效的减小了侧向加速度,使得车辆的抗侧翻能力有所增强,汽车的安全性与稳定性得到了有效的保证,为实车试验提供科学依据。     

基于主动横向稳定杆与差动制动联合控制的车辆防侧翻研究

针对高速行驶的车辆处于大转角、避障等紧急工况下容易出现侧翻的问题,本文中提出了采用差动制动与主动横向稳定杆联合对车辆进行侧翻控制策略。为提高对车辆侧翻的控制效果,一方面通过全轮差动制动来提高车辆的横摆稳定性,防止车辆由于失稳产生绊倒性侧翻,并减小车辆的侧倾;另一方面,考虑到处于紧急工况下车辆的非线性与时变性,采用主动横向稳定杆并设计了2阶滑模超螺旋控制器来动态跟踪车辆的理想侧倾角,实现驾驶员对车辆侧倾姿态的准确判断,防止驾驶员产生误操作,进一步提高了车辆的防侧翻能力。最后,通过硬件在环试验对提出的主动横向稳定杆与差动制动联合控制策略的有效性进行了验证。     

基于模糊差动制动的运动型多功能汽车防侧翻控制

为了提高SUV高速紧急操纵下防侧翻性能,提出了基于模糊差动制动控制的防侧翻控制策略.研究中考虑轮胎非线性因素的影响,建立了4自由度非线性汽车侧翻模型,并通过横向载荷转移率负反馈设计了参数自整定的模糊PID控制器,以驱动电控机械制动系统(EMB)产生抗横摆力矩防止汽车侧翻.典型工况下的算例分析结果表明,该控制策略能充分发挥EMB响应快的特性,防止SUV高速紧急操纵下侧翻.     

A Research on Anti-Rollover Control for Vehicles with Semi-active Suspension

为利用半主动悬架阻尼连续可调的特性来提高汽车的主动安全性,建立了汽车侧翻预测模型,并以此为基础设计了一种双层结构的连续减振控制器,进行汽车防侧翻控制.上层控制器采用滑模控制方法输出期望侧倾力矩,下层控制器根据这个期望侧倾力矩,利用线性插值方法输出半主动悬架中各减振器的输入电流.利用MATLAB/Simulink对整个系统进行了仿真,结果表明,该控制器能有效提高汽车的防侧翻能力.     

半主动悬架系统的最佳阻尼比控制策略研究

为满足不同车速不同路况下车辆舒适性和安全性的要求,提出了一种半主动悬架系统的最佳阻尼比控制策略。基于车辆行驶振动模型,利用在随机路谱下车辆悬架系统均方响应指标,创建了半主动悬架系统最佳阻尼比控制策略的数学表达式,并分析了最佳阻尼比控制策略半主动悬架系统的传递特性和控制策略的普遍适用性。与天棚阻尼控制策略和被动悬架的对比结果表明,最佳阻尼比控制策略是有效的,能更好地改善不同车速不同路况下车辆悬架性能。     

基于零力矩点位置和模糊控制的商用车防侧翻控制

为了防止车辆发生侧翻,引入零力矩点的位置作为车辆侧翻的指标。根据某一时刻车辆的状态,预测下一段时间内零力矩点的y坐标,来计算该时刻的侧翻时间。一旦某时刻的侧翻时间小于设定的门限值,则激活车辆防侧翻控制策略,对车辆进行控制,防止车辆发生侧翻。本文中采用基于模糊控制的PID控制策略,对不同的车轮施加不同制动力矩,防止车辆发生侧翻。通过Truck Sim和Matlab/Simulink联合仿真,对算法进行验证,对采取模糊控制差动制动策略、传统的PID策略和无侧翻控制策略的车辆,分别进行阶跃试验和鱼钩试验,测取采取不同控制策略车辆的实时侧倾角。对比结果表明,采用模糊差动制动控制策略的车辆,防侧翻性能最好。     

基于道路友好性的重载汽车悬架半主动控制研究

车辆的平顺性和道路友好性是反应车辆悬架性能的2个重要指标。为改善重载汽车在道路行驶中的友好性,基于7自由度重载汽车动力学模型,建立了半主动悬架系统的运动方程,设计了半主动悬架最优控制器,考虑路面不平度的随机激励,以车辆平顺性和道路友好性为控制目标,提出了车辆悬架的最优半主动控制策略,并且给出了详尽的推导过程。仿真分析结果表明:当汽车以20m/s的速度行驶在C级路面时,车身和驾驶室垂向加速度有效均方根值分别减少了3.42%和46.4%,轮胎对路面的破坏减少了2.10%;半主动控制悬架有效地保证了车辆行驶的平顺性,同时可减小车辆对路面的冲击作用,改善了车辆的悬架性能。     

兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统设计与研究

为解决特种车辆或载重车辆在极端工况下易侧翻的问题,提出了一种兼具馈能与主动抗侧倾功能的电控液压悬架系统。对该悬架系统的主动抗侧倾模式和馈能模式进行了功能原理设计与分析;针对主动抗侧倾模式与馈能模式,构建了电液悬架系统仿真模型;设计了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾模糊PID控制策略和侧倾力矩分配方案,以及执行机构逻辑门限值控制策略,并基于Matlab/Simulink、TruckSim和AMESim仿真软件,搭建了电液悬架系统主动抗侧倾控制策略联合仿真平台;对装配有电液悬架系统的车辆模型在极限工况下的抗侧倾性能进行仿真分析,并对车辆在随机路面激励输入下的馈能特性进行仿真分析。结果表明,装配该电液悬架的特种车辆具备较强的防侧翻能力,并具有较好的悬架运动能量回收潜力。     

基于气压制动的重型车防侧翻控制策略研究

为提高重型车的侧翻稳定性,建立了包含串联双腔制动阀、继动阀、ABS调节阀及制动气室的真实气压制动系统模型,分析气压制动的动力学特性,考虑制动与侧翻运动耦合,建立包含侧向运动、横摆运动、簧载质量和非簧载质量侧倾运动的重型车非线性动力学模型,提出重型车防侧翻的优化模型预测控制策略,计算侧倾角和横摆角速度误差及目标函数,得到最优气压制动踏板位移控制序列,实现了差动制动防侧翻控制。选取典型侧翻工况进行了实例分析,结果表明,提出的控制策略可弥补气压制动响应延迟的影响,提高重型车的防侧翻能力。     

SUV车辆差动制动防侧翻控制研究EI北大核心CSCD

建立了SUV车辆的线性侧翻预警与控制模型,利用CarSim进行了侧翻动力学的仿真分析。以前轮独立后轮低选控制的ABS为基础,运用最优控制原理设计了上层控制器得到最优横摆力矩,设计了差动制动协调器进行制动力分配和协调驾驶员的制动操作,与ABS下层控制器、执行器共同组成差动制动防侧翻控制系统。利用CarSim和Matlab/Simulink对控制系统进行了鱼钩转向试验联合仿真,结果表明,该控制系统方案可行,满足侧翻预警与控制的有效性和实时性的要求。     

Stability and optimised H∞ control of tripped and untripped vehicle rollover

Vehicle rollover is a serious traffic accident. In order to accurately evaluate the possibility of untripped and some special tripped vehicle rollovers, and to prevent vehicle rollover under unpredictable variations of parameters and harsh driving conditions, a new rollover index and an anti-roll control strategy are proposed in this paper. Taking deflections of steering and suspension induced by the roll at the axles into consideration, a six degrees of freedom dynamic model is established, including lateral, yaw, roll, and vertical motions of sprung and unsprung masses. From the vehicle dynamics theory, a new rollover index is developed to predict vehicle rollover risk under both untripped and special tripped situations. This new rollover index is validated by Carsim simulations. In addition, an H-infinity controller with electro hydraulic brake system is optimised by genetic algorithm to improve the anti-rollover performance of the vehicle. The stability and robustness of the active rollover prevention control system are analysed by some numerical simulations. The results show that the control system can improve the critical speed of vehicle rollover obviously, and has a good robustness for variations in the number of passengers and longitude position of the centre of gravity.     

New level of vehicle comfort and vehicle stability via utilisation of the suspensions anti-dive and anti-squat geometry

In this article a novel vehicle dynamics control concept is designed for a vehicle equipped with wheel individual electric traction machines, electronically controlled brakes and semi-active suspensions. The suspension's cross-couplings between traction forces and vertical forces via anti-dive and anti-squat geometry is utilised in the control concept to improve driving comfort and driving stability. The control concept is divided into one main and two cascaded branches. The main controller consists of a multivariable vehicle dynamics controller and a control allocation scheme to improve the vehicle's driving comfort. The cascaded feedback loops maintain the vehicle's stability according to wheel slip and vehicle sideslip. The performance of the combined vehicle dynamics controller is compared to a standard approach in simulation. It can be stated that the controller piloting semi-active suspensions together with brake and traction devices enables a superior performance regarding comfort and stability.     

Coordinated control strategies for active steering,differential braking and active suspension for vehicle stability,handling and safety improvement

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a coordinated control strategy is proposed to provide an effective improvement in handling stability of the vehicle, safety, and comfortable ride for passengers. This control strategy is based on the coordination among active steering, differential braking, and active suspension systems. Two families of controllers are used for this purpose, which are the high order sliding mode and the backstepping controllers. The control strategy was tested on a full nonlinear vehicle model in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Rollover avoidance and yaw stability control constraints have been considered. The control system mainly focuses on yaw stability control. When rollover risk is detected, the proposed strategy controls the roll dynamics to decrease rollover propensity. Simulation results for two different critical driving scenarios, the first one is a double lane change and the other one is a J-turn manoeuvre, show the effectiveness of the coordination strategy in stabilising the vehicle, enhancing handling and reducing rollover propensity.     

汽车非线性半主动悬架的模糊神经网络控制

考虑磁流变减振器阻尼力和悬架弹性元件非线性特性，建立车辆6自由度的半主动悬架非线性动力学模型。提出了一种基于模糊神经网络系统结构的模型参考自适应控制方法来研究汽车半主动悬架的非线性控制问题，并考虑半车模型前后悬架的输入时滞，对其进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明：运用模糊神经网络非线性控制方法能够使人体和车身垂直加速度、俯仰角加速度都得到很大的衰减，证实这种模糊神经网络控制方法可大大减少路面对车身的振动冲击，提高汽车行驶平顺性。     

基于微分几何理论的汽车半主动悬架非线性振动控制

针对汽车悬架系统的非线性特性,采用1／4汽车二自由度悬架模型分析半主动悬架控制。应用微分几何理论得到输出-干扰解耦方法,再经适当的坐标变换将该模型由非线性系统简化成一线性系统,并对此系统进行最优控制,然后通过非线性状态反馈实现对原系统的半主动控制。与被动悬架的仿真结果进行了比较,表明这种针对具有非线性特征的半主动悬架的非线性控制方法是可行的。通过功率谱分析,控制后系统的能量比被动悬架更趋于平均,悬架动态性能更稳定。     

Semi-active suspension systems for railway vehicles using magnetorheological dampers. Part I: system integration and modelling

In this paper, it is aimed to investigate semi-active suspension systems using magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers for improving the ride quality of railway vehicles. A 17-degree-of-freedom (DOF) model of a full-scale railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active controlled MR fluid dampers in its secondary suspension system is proposed to cope with the lateral, yaw, and roll motions of the car body, trucks, and wheelsets. The governing equations combining the dynamics of the railway vehicle integrated with MR dampers in the suspension system and the dynamics of the rail track irregularities are developed and a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control law using the acceleration feedback is adopted, in which the state variables are estimated from the measurable accelerations with a Kalman estimator. In order to evaluate the performances of the semi-active suspension systems based on MR dampers for railway vehicles, the random and periodical track irregularities are modelled with a uniform state-space formulation according to the testing data and incorporated into the governing equation of the railway vehicle integrated with the semi-active suspension system. Utilising the governing equations and the semi-active controller developed in this paper, the simulation and analysis are presented in Part II of this paper.     

Rollover detection and control on the non-driven axles of trucks based on pulsed braking excitation

The major challenges for rollover detection are the accurate modelling of vehicle dynamics and the real-time estimation of the varied parameters. To circumvent the dependence on vehicle parameters, a novel rollover detection method based on the pulsed braking excitation is proposed. With the lateral load transfer ratio (LTR), the relationship between rollover risks and non-driven wheel rotational dynamics is deduced, which is the basis to apply braking excitation on wheels. The lateral acceleration is adopted as the first criterion to activate the rollover detection. Once the pulsed braking is applied to the non-driven wheels, the braking pressure and wheel angular speeds are measured to estimate the LTR on the non-driven axle. In case of emergency, the differential braking-based anti-rollover is implemented. Experiments were conducted on a Hardware-in-Loop bench. The results show that, the pulsed braking can be activated timely, and the LTR on the non-driven axle is estimated accurately. With the anti-rollover control, the roll stability is improved considerably.     

车辆半主动悬架与助力转向集成控制的仿真研究

为协调车辆操纵稳定性和行驶平顺性,基于底盘系统动力学原理,建立了半主动悬架和电动助力转向的综合模型,对半主动悬架和电动助力转向系统进行集成控制.运用二次反馈法和PID策略分别对悬架的可调阻尼和转向系统的助力进行控制.仿真结果表明,在集成控制情况下,车辆的操纵稳定性和平顺性均优于悬架或转向单独控制的效果.     

Roll Dynamics of Commercial Vehicles

An analytical model is developed here for studying the roll dynamics of commercial vehicles. Large displacements and rotations are accounted for in this nonlinear model so that it can be used for the study of roll dynamics well beyond the limits of wheel lift-off. The model is used to illustrate some of the dynamic phenomena in vehicle rollover, especially the interactive coupling between the roll and the vertical modes of motion. The influence of suspension backlash on rollover resistance is demonstrated, and the phenomenon of roll motion resonance is illustrated to suggest new means for evaluating vehicle rollover sensitivity.