平面交叉口慢行交通设施安全评价

为了客观评价平交口的慢行交通设施安全状况,从必备性、合理性、完好性三个角度出发,建立平交口慢行交通设施评价指标体系和评价方法,并结合江苏省淮安市枚皋路与承德南路交叉口做了案例分析,评价该交叉口慢行交通交通安全状况。     

城市主要道路平面交叉口安全管理方法

文章基于现今城市干道平面交叉口交通流量密集的状况,分析讨论影响平面交叉口安全管理的因素,提出了交叉口安全管理方法和一些改进措施,为提高城市道路交叉口的交通安全管理提供依据。     

城市道路平面交叉口安全评价研究

城市平面交叉口是城市交通冲突和事故频繁发生的地点。文章针对城市道路平面交叉口的交通安全现状,分析了平面交叉口的安全影响因素,提出引入事故率和冲突率为评价指标,建立了灰色理论评价方法,为城市道路平面交叉口的安全治理提供理论支持。     

信号控制交叉口右转灯控的设置研究

为提高信号控制交叉口通行状况,以右转车和过街行人为研究对象,分析并建立设置右转灯控前后,右转车与过街行人的延误和冲突数量模型。利用转换成本法,根据延误和行人-右转车冲突所产生的经济成本,建立交叉口性能指标模型,并得到设置右转灯控的临界条件。研究表明,行人-右转车冲突对交叉口通行状况影响巨大,在右转车流量或过街行人流量较大的交叉口,设置右转灯控可有效提高交叉口通行状况。     

合肥市新建开发区交叉口行人交通安全评价研究

随着城市机动车拥有量的高速增长,交叉口出现的"机—人"冲突日益明显。本文以合肥市某开发区交叉口改善为例,从减少交叉口冲突点的角度出发,探索新建城区交叉口行人交通安全评价体系模式与思路。     

交通冲突技术在桂林市交叉口安全评价中的应用

文章通过引入交通冲突的概念,以早高峰、晚高峰、平峰三时段的交通冲突量与混合交通当量比值作为交通安全评价的指标,利用灰色理论对桂林市九个典型交叉口进行安全程度的评价。     

一级公路交叉口设计中的交通安全问题及对策

一级干线公路由于开口较多,不可避免地存在较多的交通安全问题.文章以湖北荆监一级公路为例,针对交叉口设计中的交通安全典型问题,提出了改善方法及相关对策.     

基于VISSIM的北土城西路交叉口交通组织优化

信控交叉口的渠化和信号配时直接影响交通的效率和安全。因此,如何对路口进行合理的渠化和信号配时使得车辆与行人安全、高效地通过信控交叉口具有重要意义。文章基于对北京北土城西路口相关交通数据的实地调查,分析了该路口存在的交通问题,并针对该路口的交通特性,使用交通仿真软件VISSIM对该信号交叉口进行了仿真研究,从路口渠化、信号配时等角度提出了三种优化设计方案。     

市政道路平面交叉口的交通组织设计

市政道路平面交叉口处路况复杂且多变,为了更好地建设市政道路平面交叉口,做好交叉口的交通组织设计,对市政道路的交叉口分类进行介绍,分析各类交叉口的通行能力,对交叉口的交通路径优化方法进行分析。在此基础上,提出市政道路平面交叉口渠化设计策略,为改进城市交通组织方式、改善城市道路平面交叉口交通拥堵状况提供思路和方法。     

西宁市城市道路交叉口信号配时关键参数研究

论文简述了累计曲线法求解交叉口信控关键参数饱和流率和损失时间的主要方法,研究了累计曲线法使用过程中的要点,即时间间隔的确定方法和原则。通过选取西宁市主要城市道路交叉口进行调查研究,最后提出了西宁市交叉口信号控制主要参数的参考值。     

基于潜在冲突量的交叉口安全评价方法研究

文章提出了潜在冲突量的概念,并对其进行了分类,通过车速、交通量、车道宽度等易获取的交通参数来推算交叉口潜在冲突量,引入混合交通当量,将潜在冲突量与混合交通当量比值作为交叉口安全评价的指标,并结合桂林市的9个交叉口进行了安全程度的评价。     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Traffic conflict models to evaluate the safety of signalized intersections at the cycle level

The safety of signalized intersections has often been evaluated at an aggregate level relating collisions to annual traffic volume and the geometric characteristics of the intersection. However, for many safety issues, it is essential to understand how changes in traffic parameters and signal control affect safety at the signal cycle level. This paper develops conflict-based safety performance functions (SPFs) for signalized intersections at the signal cycle level. Traffic video-data was recorded for six signalized intersections located in two cities in Canada. A video analysis procedure is proposed to collect rear-end conflicts and various traffic variables at each signal cycle from the recorded videos. The traffic variables include: traffic volume, maximum queue length, shock wave characteristics (e.g. shock wave speed and shock wave area), and the platoon ratio. The SPFs are developed using the generalized linear models (GLM) approach. The results show that all models have good fit and almost all the explanatory variables are statistically significant leading to better prediction of conflict occurrence beyond what can be expected from the traffic volume only. Furthermore, space-time conflict heat maps are developed to investigate the distribution of the traffic conflicts. The heat maps illustrate graphically the association between rear-end conflicts and various traffic parameters. The developed models can give insight about how changes in the signal cycle design affect the safety of signalized intersections. The overall goal is to use the developed models for the real-time optimization of signalized intersection safety by changing the signal design.     

Disaggregate safety evaluation for signalized intersections and evaluation tool

This study was to evaluate traffic safety of four‐legged signalized intersections and to develop a spreadsheet tool for identifying high‐risk intersections taking into consideration vehicle movements, left‐turn signal phase types, and times of day. The study used data from Virginia and employed count data models and the empirical Bayes (EB) method for safety evaluation of such intersections. It was found that crash pattern defined by vehicle movements involved in a crash and time of day are important factors for intersection crash analysis. Especially for a safety performance function (SPF), a model specification (Poisson or NB), inclusion of left‐turn signal types, type of traffic flow variables, variable functional forms, and/or magnitudes of coefficients turned out to be different across times of day and crash patterns. The spreadsheet application tool was developed incorporating the developed SPFs and the EB method. As long as Synchro files for signal plans and crash database are maintained, no additional field data collection efforts are required. Adjusting the developed SPFs and the spreadsheet for recent traffic and safety conditions can be done by applying the calibration methods employed in the SafetyAnalyst software and the Highway Safety Manual. Implementing the developed tool equipped with streamlining data entry would greatly improve accuracy and efficiency of safety evaluation of four‐legged signalized intersections in localities and highway agencies that cannot operate the SafetyAnalyst. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of a signal-head-free intersection control logic in a fully connected and autonomous vehicle environment

Establishment of effective cooperation between vehicles and transportation infrastructure improves travel reliability in urban transportation networks. Lack of collaboration, however, exacerbates congestion due mainly to frequent stops at signalized intersections. It is beneficial to develop a control logic that collects basic safety message from approaching connected and autonomous vehicles and guarantees efficient intersection operations with safe and incident free vehicle maneuvers. In this paper, a signal-head-free intersection control logic is formulated into a dynamic programming model that aims to maximize the intersection throughput. A stochastic look-ahead technique is proposed based on Monte Carlo tree search algorithm to determine the near-optimal actions (i.e., acceleration rates) over time to prevent movement conflicts. Our numerical results confirm that the proposed technique can solve the problem efficiently and addresses the consequences of existing traffic signals. The proposed approach, while completely avoids incidents at intersections, significantly reduces travel time (ranging between 59.4% and 83.7% when compared to fixed-time and fully-actuated control strategies) at intersections under various demand patterns.     

Crash analysis at intersections in the CBD: A survival analysis model

Enhancing the safety level of urban roads especially in CBDs is paramount. Due to a large number of intersections in what is usually a grid road system in the CBDs, we investigate crashes occurring in and around an intersection. The question of interest in this study is: does the nature of crashes at intersections differ from those of the roads at midblock? Stated more precisely, considering the intersection as a reference point, does the distance to the reference point (i.e. midblock locations on the roads) correlate with different types of crashes compared to that of the intersection? A right answer can lead traffic engineers and safety auditors to propose different safety measures at intersections and the midblock locations. As a pilot study, we collected the last 9 years crash data of the CBD of Melbourne, Australia. For the first time, we employ Survival Analysis models -including Exponential, Weibull, and Log-logistic- to investigate a space-dependent phenomenon (i.e. accidents at proximity to the intersection). Of the outcome, highlights are: (i) police presence at busy intersections during busy night outs and weekends highly improves the pedestrian safety (ii) raised crossings at midblock locations lower likelihood of crashes of pedestrians as well as cars, (iii) lighting conditions at intersections must be watched and kept at a high level. (iv) Severity, likelihood, and location have no known association with the level of congestion. In other words, safety is first, always and everywhere. The results can be of interest to traffic authorities and policy makers in reinforcing traffic calming measures in the cities. The codes developed in this study are made available to the research community to be used in further studies.     

Optimal distance between two branches of uncontrolled split intersection

This work examines the possibility of splitting an uncontrolled “X” intersection into two adjacent uncontrolled “T” intersections. This splitting aims to improve both the movement and safety of traffic. The problem addressed in this work is how to determine the optimal distance between the two adjacent T intersections. The best type of split, based on previous studies, is the one in which vehicles approach first the right turn and then the left turn in both directions of travel. The main conclusions drawn in this work refer to this preferred type. The optimal distance is arrived at on the basis of an objective function of minimal delay subject to blocking queues, passing (another vehicle) probabilities, budget limitations and safety threshold. The input data consist of 12 traffic volumes associated with all the traffic movements of an X intersection. The main findings are: (a) under a medium level of traffic volume, the blocking queue lengths are of the order of hundreds of meters and are very sensitive to the increase of volume toward and beyond saturation flow; (b) the passing probability function along the road segment between the two adjacent T intersections increases with the length of the segment and stabilizes at a length of a few hundred meters; (c) there is a relationship between accident frequency (accident rate and density) and the distance between the split intersections. An example of this relationship is introduced; and (d) the optimal distance between the two adjacent T intersections is found not only theoretically, but also practically for possible implementations.