Hydroelasticity based fatigue assessment of the connector for a ribbon bridge subjected to a moving load

In this paper, the prediction of the hydroelastic response of the floating bridge and the fatigue behavior of the connectors is presented. And based on the hydroelastic response analysis of the ribbon bridge, the dynamic alternating load of the connector can be obtained, in that the fatigue behavior analysis of the connector simulated by the solid elements can be conducted by employing the local stress–strain approach. It is revealed that the sequence of the dynamic loads acting on the connectors, the value of various fatigue parameters and the ultimate tensile strength should be sufficiently considered, especially the passing speed of a moving load, so that it can significantly reduce the fatigue damage of the connectors.     

间隙对拼组式浮桥静态响应的影响分析

为了减小浮桥在通载状态下的结构内力及浮桥拼组拆卸的方便,拼组式浮桥通常在设计的时候就在舟节之间留有一定的连接间隙.在以往的分析中大多忽略了这种间隙对浮桥变形和受力的影响,而简单地将浮桥简化为连续或者铰接梁体系进行数值或者解析求解,这种方法并不能准确地给出桥节之间连接间隙的存在及其大小对浮桥静态响应的影响.本文以拼组式浮桥的连接间隙为研究对象,建立全桥分析的三维有限元模型,并用非线性单元的组合对浮桥连接件的力学特性进行有限元模拟,通过计算与试验结果的比较,表明了本文方法的正确性;在此基础上本文研究了浮桥在静载荷作用下的位移响应及不同位置的连接件内力与连接件间隙之间的关系,为此类浮桥的设计提供了必要的参考,并为其后续的动力分析提供了必要的理论依据.     

系泊多体海上平台非线性动力特性研究

海上浮式平台通常由多个大型浮体模块柔性连接,组成一个典型的刚柔流耦合的多振子网络系统。本文从网络动力学角度研究多体浮式海上平台,通过龙格库塔法求解海上浮式平台运动微分方程,得到海洋平台运动响应随连接件刚度变化情况。数值结果表明,连接件刚度变化使得多体海上浮式平台表现出丰富的非线性动力特性现象,例如幅值跳跃、分岔、混沌等现象。为进一步揭示非线性浮式平台的集体动力学行为,作出浮块在各响应阶段对应的时域图和相图比较。本文得到的初步研究结果及研究方法,可为大型海上浮体结构初步设计提供理论参考。     

Time-domain,shallow-water hydroelastic analysis of VLFS elastically connected to the seabed

In order to ensure the safe operation of a VLFS, a combination of mooring, breakwater and other motion reducing systems is employed. In the present work, the transient hydroelastic response of a floating, thin elastic plate, elastically connected to the seabed, is examined. The plate is modelled as an Euler-Bernoulli strip, while the linearized shallow water equations are used for the hydrodynamic modelling. Elastic connectors are approximated by a series of simple spring-dashpot systems positioned along the strip. A higher order finite element scheme is employed for the calculation of the hydroelastic response of the strip-connector configuration over the shallow bathymetry. After the definition of the initial-boundary value problem, its variational form is derived and discussed. Next, on the basis of the aforementioned formulation, an energy balance expression is obtained. The effect of variable bathymetry on the response of a two connector-strip system is examined by means of three seabed profiles featuring a flat bottom, an upslope and a downslope environment. For the flat bottom case, the strip response mitigating effect exerted by the employment of two and three elastic connectors is considered. Finally, by means of the derived energy balance equation, the energy exchange is monitored, providing a valuable insight into the transient phenomena that take place in the studied configurations.     

Flexible riser-bend stiffener top connection analytical model with I-tube

The flexible riser top connection to the floating unit is a critical region considering extreme loading and fatigue lifetime assessment and is generally protected by a bend stiffener to limit the curvature in this region. The top connection usually interface the floating unit with two main configurations: i) end-fitting and bend stiffener directly connected to a riser balcony or ii) riser connected to the floating unit in the end of an I-tube, which reduces the end-fitting bending loading, and bend stiffener assembled to a bellmouth with a given inclination in relation to the I-tube longitudinal axis. The traditional modeling approach considers the riser/bend stiffener system attached to the floating unit, representative of the first configuration. A more realistic modeling approach, capturing the complex interactions of flexible riser/bend stiffener with I-tube interface can be employed for preliminary assessment with less conservatism. In this work, a large deflection analytical beam model is developed for the riser top connection with I-tube considering the bellmouth transition region with a straight rigid surface followed by a curved section. The riser follows a nonlinear bending behavior described by a bilinear moment vs curvature function and the bend stiffener polyurethane material exhibits nonlinear elastic symmetric response represented by a power law function. It is assumed that there is no gap between the riser and the bend stiffener and the riser is fixed in the end-fitting position. The mathematical formulation of the statically indeterminate system results in three systems of coupled differential equations combined with the corresponding multipoint boundary conditions to be numerically solved by an iterative procedure. A case study is carried out with a 7” flexible riser protected by a bend stiffener connected to an inclined I-tube bellmouth. The system is subjected to extreme loading conditions and the influence of the sleeve shape and I-tube length on the riser curvature distribution, including the end-fitting position, and contact forces between the riser/sleeve and riser/bend stiffener sections are assessed.     

Hydroelastic analysis of a very large floating plate with large deflections in stochastic seaway

The hydroelasticity of a very large floating plate with large deflections in multidirectional irregular waves is discussed. After a brief introduction on wave loads on a flexible structure, the paper derives the generalised fluid force acting on a floating structure in multidirectional irregular waves. The nonlinear sectional forces induced by the membrane forces in the plate are deduced. The hydroelastic response equations of a floating plate with large deflections in multidirectional irregular waves are established, and a solution method in the frequency domain is discussed including extreme value statistics. A very large floating structure is chosen as an example. The numerical results show that the influence of the membrane forces on the vertical displacements and the bending moments is noticeable but not that large.     

船舶浮态计算方法及船舶浮态图谱

本文用化非线性问题为线性问题的线性化方法,对非线性隐式的船舶浮态方程组进行了数值解,并在深入研究的基础上提出了两种形式浮态图谱,以便能迅速而准确地确定船舶各种不同装载情况下的浮态。本文给出了五万吨油轮“西湖”号算例。     

船舶与浮式码头碰撞过程仿真

基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉法,描述了靠泊船与浮式码头碰撞过程中流固耦合关系。采用耦合法建立了浮式码头与靠泊船碰撞的仿真模型,真实模拟了船舶与浮式码头碰撞的过程,并与试验结果进行对比。由此可知,靠泊船碰撞对于浮式码头的运动响应、连接器所承受载荷、锚缆张力影响较为显著,流体区域也将产生较强的扰动,在实际工程应用中应加以注意。同时,也证明任意拉格朗日-欧拉法在流固耦合的研究领域优势明显。     

超大型浮体柔性连接器疲劳强度模型试验

为了保证超大型浮体的作业安全,需要精确评估连接器结构疲劳强度。文章针对一种由尼龙柔性夹层和环肋加强圆管轴构成的铰接式连接器,开展了疲劳强度模型试验,测量了热点应力、疲劳寿命和裂纹扩展。考虑接触、柔性层以及开孔的影响,采用三维有限元方法计算了连接器结构应力,分别基于S-N曲线和裂纹扩展,给出了柔性连接器疲劳寿命评估方法。比较分析表明,计算得到的连接器结构应力和疲劳寿命与模型试验结果吻合,文中方法可用于柔性连接器结构疲劳强度设计     

Experimental and numerical study on dynamic responses of floating bridge under the shielding effect of a floating platform

A floating bridge and a floating platform can serve as a transport channel between land and sea. They will interact with each other in the wave environment. In this paper, the dynamic response characteristics of a floating bridge under irregular waves and regular waves are studied by means of model tests and numerical calculations. The results of model test and numerical calculation based on potential flow theory are basically consistent and can be mutually verified. By comparing and analyzing the dynamic response results of the floating bridge under the condition of “with floating platform” and “without floating platform”, some conclusions are drawn. The floating platform will have a shielding effect on waves coming from the sea. Due to the shielding effect of the floating platform, the motions in heave, surge and pitch of the floating bridge are evidently diminished. Among them, the motion response of the pontoon near the floating platform decreases most obviously. The floating platform provides a relatively stable marine environment for the floating bridge, thereby improving the survival state of the floating bridge.     

快速重载作用下长浮桥运动响应的模型试验研究

在快速重载作用下,柔性长浮桥可能会出现位移波堆积效应.为验证预测的正确性,对两种长浮桥模型(连续浮桥和分置式浮桥)进行了试验,在不同荷载重量下和不同速度作用下的位移响应利用六自由度运动测定仪进行了测量.试验结果表明:荷载重量越大、荷载速度越快,位移波的堆积效应越明显;荷载的速度对兴波的形状和波幅都有着直接的影响.位移波的堆积影响了荷载的运行速度,在快速重载的浮桥工程中,必须考虑位移波的堆积对运动荷载的影响.     

漂浮式海洋能平台运动响应耦合预报研究

随着海洋工程向远海发展,漂浮式海洋能平台的运动响应预报问题成为研究的热点之一.本文以漂浮式海洋能平台为研究对象,首先基于间接时域法,建立浮式平台时域运动方程,然后基于悬链线理论和全矢量形式的三维集中质量法,建立系泊系统运动方程.在使用自行开发的计算程序对以上方程进行求解获得初值后,以系缆和浮式平台的受力和位移作为2个运动方程的交互输入与输出,建立浮式平台与系泊系统的全耦合计算方法.最后对简化的浮式海洋平台进行计算,分析载体平台的运动响应和系缆受力情况.本文可为解决相关工程问题提供参考和借鉴.     

超大型浮体模块柔性连接功能仿真模型试验研究

精确评估模块柔性连接性能对连接器和超大型浮体的结构安全性具有重要意义,而模型试验是获取超大型浮体模块柔性连接性能的必要手段。文章以横向浮筒式的浅吃水超大型浮体为研究对象,根据连接器动响应计算结果,设计了柔性连接器模型;通过不同幅值和载荷组合的连接器静态拉伸和压缩试验,研究了超大型浮体连接器的刚度特性,探讨了组合载荷对连接器刚度的影响;通过不同幅值和周期的连接器纵向动态载荷试验,研究了超大型浮体连接器在动态载荷作用下的结构响应,验证了超大型浮体连接器结构的安全性和适用性。试验结果表明在静态和动态载荷作用下文中设计的柔性连接器连接可靠、结构安全,连接器载荷、位移和应力测量结果可为验证连接器结构设计和计算方法提供依据。     

波浪作用下带式舟桥的水弹性响应研究

对于设计和使用在波浪和流作用下作业的浮桥,充分了解其水弹性性能尤为重要.就在国防和桥梁工程中极为重要的带式舟桥而言,预报其在波浪中的水弹性响应在实际工程中就显得十分必要.该文主要研究带式舟桥在波浪作用下的水弹性性能.首先,简要地介绍了预报浮桥动力响应的不同方法及它们与试验比较的结果;其次,在三维水弹性理论的基础上采用模态叠加法对带式舟桥的有限元模型进行了水弹性分析,同时与十分之一模型试验结果做了比较(该试验由上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室承担).研究表明,文中的方法计算分析波浪中浮桥的水弹性响应是可行的.     

分段施工PC梁桥线形的分形预测方法

充分考虑到分段施工PC梁桥施工阶段线形变化的非线形,复杂性和随机性,提出一种基于分形理论的节段线形预测方法。采用滚动选取预测样本降低原始误差累计的方法,建立了节段施工线形预测理论模型。将此模型应用于黄河大桥悬臂施工线形预测控制中,按节段施工周期依次预测下一节段的线形指标,结果证实了分段施工PC梁桥线形变化的分形特征,与实测和理论值相比,预测值具有较高的工程精度。     

液舱晃荡与浮体非线性耦合运动分析(英文)

Nonlinear interactions among incident wave, tank-sloshing and floating body coupling motion are investigated. The fully nonlinear sloshing and body-surface nonlinear free surface hydrodynamics is simulated using a Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) higher-order panel method in time domain based on the potential theory. A robust and stable improved iterative procedure (Yan and Ma, 2007) for floating bodies is used for calculating the time derivative of velocity potential and floating body motion. An energy dissipation condition based on linear theory adopted by Huang (2011) is developed to consider flow viscosity effects of sloshing flow in nonlinear model. A two-dimensional tank model test was performed to identify its validity. The present nonlinear coupling sway motion results are subsequently compared with the corresponding Rognebakke and Faltinsen (2003)’s experimental results, showing fair agreement. Thus, the numerical approach presented in this paper is expected to be very efficient and realistic in evaluating the coupling effects of nonlinear sloshing and body motion.     

一种基于Taylor展开的系泊刚度矩阵计算方法

系泊系统对于船舶及海上浮式结构物的定位十分重要。钢质系泊缆索是业界广泛采用的一种形式。由于其提供的恢复力与浮体位移之间呈现非线性关系,故针对此种系泊方式基于Taylor展开方法得到了非线性的刚度系数及相应的系泊刚度矩阵,研究了其在系泊定位及水动力计算方面的应用。分析表明该方法可以较为方便地计及刚度非线性的影响。     

深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析

文章基于三维时域势流理论和弹性细长杆理论,研究并提出了深海系泊浮体物面非线性时域耦合动力分析方法。该方法采用时域物面非线性理论方法在瞬态位置直接时域模拟系泊浮体所需水动力,结合有限元方法计算系泊缆索的动力响应,利用异步耦合方法实现浮体和系泊缆索的时域耦合动力求解。既满足系泊浮体时域水动力耦合,又满足系泊浮体和系泊缆索动力耦合。通过对二阶非线性不规则波作用下深海系泊半潜式平台的时域耦合响应特性进行研究,将不同海况下物面非线性时域耦合静力响应和动力响应与间接时域耦合动力响应的三种方法计算结果进行比较。研究结果表明,系泊缆索动力响应明显,平台瞬态空间位置对垂荡低频运动影响较大,有必要在平台瞬时湿表面采用动力响应方法进行深海系泊浮体时域耦合响应分析。     

柔性连接装置约束下的相邻浮体动力响应分析

许多海上工程作业中会出现两个或多个浮体相邻作业的情形,如海洋平台组块双船浮托安装等.在波浪作用下,相邻多浮体会发生水动力干扰现象,在特定条件下引起强烈的间隙共振,产生的巨大波浪力会对浮体造成破坏.相邻多浮体之间往往会存在柔性连接,需要考虑多浮体水动力干扰及机柔性连接构件的约束力对浮体运动响应的耦合作用,以及约束力本身对刚性或柔性连接构件的影响.因此,需要建立多浮体耦合的水动力-结构动力模型研究相互连接的海上浮式结构在复杂环境载荷下的动力响应.本文以双船浮托安装作业为背景,开发耦合的水动力-结构动力模型分析平台组块在双船拖运过程中的复杂动力响应.通过结合动态子结构法和静凝聚法,考虑连接构件的柔度,将连接构件的质量和刚度凝聚到构件与双船的连接点处.结合多浮体频域水动力分析,研究双船在柔性构件约束下和复杂水动力干扰共同作用下的运动响应.     

系泊多浮体系统流固耦合和浮体间耦合动力分析

利用多刚体力学运动学方法进行系统铁数学描述。以系统摇荡时各浮体质心位移和浮体角位移表达广义速率。进而表达出有关偏速度、偏角速度、加速度和角加速度。单个系泊浮体在规则波作用下，所受的流体动压力用势流理论计算。多浮体系统摇荡时除入射规则波外，每一浮体的摇荡辐射波对其他浮体也构成了入射波并作用以流体动压力。表达出系统的广义主动力和广义惯性力后代入Kane方程，补充以浮体间的运动约束方程，消去时间因子后得到求解各浮体质心位移和浮体角位移的复数线性代数方程组。