破损单体复合船运动与载荷预报方法研究

论文主要探讨了单体复合船型破损后的浮态稳性变化、破损舱室液舱晃荡效应等因素对破损后单体复合船型运动和波浪载荷的影响。采用面元法求解液舱晃荡运动的附加质量,分析液舱内流体晃荡运动的共振现象以及流体粘性阻尼系数对液舱晃荡载荷的影响;推导了破损后非正浮状态下船体质量力和静水恢复力公式,使用三维势流理论求解发生的船体运动和破损舱室内液舱晃荡运动的流体载荷,建立破损后船舶运动方程并求解,研究破损后浮态、稳性以及液舱晃荡效应对六自由度运动和波浪载荷的影响。研究表明,破损后浮态、稳性、液舱晃荡等对单体复合船运动及波浪载荷均会产生影响。     

破损船舶的应急响应方法研究

船舶破损进水后的浮态与稳性发生变化,船舶在波浪中的运动响应及船体梁载荷也将随之改变,通过采取应急响应措施,可以有效改善其航行状况.以某一典型破损工况为例,计算了船舶破损后的浮态、稳性、运动响应及载荷,并与破损前进行了对比.结果显示:船舶破损后,横倾变大,横摇运动明显增加,扭矩与水平剪力增幅较大,水平弯矩与垂向剪力也有所增加.针对船舶的破损工况,提出了5种应急响应方案,对比这5种方案下的船舶状态,发现在左舷底边1号～5号压载舱各加入95％的压载水方案最优.     

基于破损舱室晃荡进水的量化试验研究

针对静水中破损舱室贯通类破口进水液舱晃荡问题，基于自主设计研制的受迫横摇运动破损舱室进水试验装置，在强制横摇工况与全约束典型工况下，研究船舶破损后舷外与舱内贯通时大量的水侵入舱室、液舱晃荡受舷外波浪激励引起非线性失稳现象，并结合对填补破口后的完整舱室进行共振与非共振的试验进行对比分析。试验结果表明：在破口形成10 s后船舱内部进水的运动状态趋于稳定，此时若将破口填堵会使船体内部的积水运动更为剧烈，影响船体稳性。试验得到了船体受损后合理的补救时间点，并使用量化试验窄带域对强制横摇工况下破舱进水试验进行了处理，得到了可信的试验区间，为后续针对破损船的研究提供了有力支撑。     

船舶稳性计算程序ESTAB

介绍了一个基于三维稳性计算方法的实用计算机程序ESTAB。采用三角形剖分技术和一些先进的算法,实现了船舶舱室和各种剖面的生成,可以可靠地获得各种载况下的浮态、不同纵向位置的进水角、各类型舱室的舱容要素曲线和船舶静水力曲线、邦戎曲线、插值曲线、静（动）稳性曲线、可浸长度曲线、弯矩与剪力曲线以及破舱时的浮态和破舱稳性。     

船舶稳性计算程序ESTAB

介绍了一个基于三维稳性计算方法的实用计算机程序ESTAB。采用三角形剖分技术和一些先进的算法,实现了船舶舱室和各种剖面的生成,可以可靠地获得各种载况下的浮态,不同纵向位置的进水角,各类型舱室的舱容要素曲线和船舶静水力曲线,帮戎曲线,插值曲线,静（动）稳性曲线,可浸长度曲线,弯矩与剪力曲线以及破舱时的浮态和破舱稳性。     

船舶破舱状态浮态的时域计算分析

基于准静态计算法,开发时域数值模拟计算程序,对船舶确定性破舱的浸水过程以及从舱室进水开始到浸水量稳定时刻再到船体停止横摇趋于稳定的时域内船体浮态进行分析,旨在弥补以往的破舱稳性计算和研究无法表现船舶横摇中浮态随时间变化的缺憾.并将这一计算模型用于3 100 TEU集装箱船某一破损条件下的确定性破舱稳性时域计算,得到结果经过对比分析证明具有较高合理性.基于计算结果,对破口长度对破损后的横摇过程的影响进行归纳.     

基于GPU并行的液货船破损浮态计算

为了提高液货船破损浮态计算性能,提出一种基于图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)的船舶破损浮态并行计算方法。通过对船舶三维模型切片,然后对所有切割肋位横截面做等距偏移和简化,得到船舶外壳和破损舱室的外板离线数据。在GPU中进行船舶外壳、破损舱室和水线面的求交计算。然后对雅可比矩阵系数分类进行并行计算,将计算得出的雅可比系数送回中央处理器(center processing unit,CPU)中求解船舶破损浮态方程。通过计算两种载况下的破损组合,与直接使用CPU计算相比,在保证计算精度的前提下,计算速度可提高9～14倍,有效提高了液货船破损浮态浮态计算的实时性。     

基于船舶破损安全性的舱室优化方法

[目的]船舶安全性是船舶最重要的性能之一,而舱室优化与提高船舶破损安全性密切相关,二者之间的关系是一个复杂的多因素问题。[方法]基于SOLAS 2009公约,评估概率破舱稳性,量化危险区域,采用层次分析法(AHP),以分舱指数、危险区域类型和数量为评估指标,求解各指标对船舶破损安全性的影响权重,并以提高船舶破损后的安全性为目标,评估出最优舱室优化方案。[结果]结果显示,调整危险区域边舱宽度、舱室长度及双层底高度均可提高船舶破舱稳性,以及船舶破损后的安全性。[结论]实验结果表明研究危险区域可提高船舶安全性,在基于多准则评估船舶破舱后的安全性上采用AHP方法可行。     

FPSO液舱晃荡与船舶时域耦合运动数值模拟

液舱晃荡对船舶运动产生的影响经常被忽略或线性化处理,而当液舱液量较低时,船舶运动与液舱晃荡耦合的非线性性是极为显著的。通过对加入液舱内液体粘性影响的时域方程进行求解,分析FPSO模型船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动,并将求解结果与试验数据和频域方程求解结果进行对比。首先,采用Hydrostar软件基于频域势流理论得到水动力系数以及波浪载荷。然后,通过脉冲响应函数法(IRF)在时域积分得到波浪辐射力。最后,计算船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动。一方面,通过CFD软件Fluent模拟液舱晃荡,获取晃荡所产生的力及力矩,并以外力形式加载于船体,得到船舶运动响应;另一方面,在船舶运动仿真计算结果的基础上求解液舱晃荡运动。结果显示:这种计算船舶与液舱晃荡时域耦合运动的方法较频域计算方法更为精确,且得到的船舶幅值响应算子(RAO)也符合试验结果。     

基于DDE技术的船舶液舱装载状态及稳性的实时监测系统设计

以某船为原型,通过动态数据交换技术（DDE）将组态软件WinCC监测的实时液位数据与通过VB编程实现的“浮态调整辅助决策系统”进行数据交换。通过“浮态调整辅助决策系统”计算船舶液舱实时装载状态及浮态稳性数据,最终实现船舶液舱装载状态及稳性的实时监测。     

有限水深中破损船舶的运动与波浪载荷研究

由于有限水深中船舶搁浅和触礁等严重破损事故频发,为了减少事故的发生,对有限水深中船舶破损后的运动及波浪载荷的研究显得十分必要。文章基于三维势流理论,引入有限水深自由面Green函数,在频域内使用奇点分布法对一艘首部破损进水的散货船在有限水深中的运动与波浪载荷展开了计算,并根据劳氏船级社规范做了短期预报。短期预报结果表明,该散货船破损进水后,船体所受垂向和水平波浪弯矩均比破损前有明显增加,且在较浅水深中变化更为显著。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

Global wave loads on intact and damaged Ro-Ro ships in regular oblique waves

A nonlinear time-domain simulation method is presented for the prediction of dynamic global wave loads on a Ro-Ro ship at zero speed in regular oblique waves in an intact and a damaged condition. Numerical computations and model tests have been carried to investigate the structural responses of Ro-Ro ship Dextra to various wave amplitudes at three different wave headings (DTR-4.1-NEW-12.98, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1998; DTR-4.2-NEW-11.99, DEXTREMEL project BE97-4375, 1999). The results of numerical and experimental investigations for stern quartering waves are reviewed. Comparisons between predictions and measurements for global wave loads at the midship section of the intact and the damaged Ro-Ro ship show that the agreement between the theory and experiment for dynamic horizontal and vertical bending moments is excellent. On the other hand, correlation between the predictions and measurements for dynamic vertical shear force is better than that for dynamic horizontal shear force. Nevertheless, the calculated torsion moment values are higher than the measured values. As the wave amplitude is not small, the positive and negative peaks of global wave loads are no longer equal to each other as found in both the calculations and experiments. The dynamic vertical global wave loads in the damaged condition are larger than that in the intact condition.     

Investigation of springing in ship structures using experimental methods and 3-D hydroelastic theory

Large and long ships experience springing behavior. Depending on the trade routes and design of such ocean-going ships, wave-induced vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the wave-induced vibrations in an ultra-large ore carrier under fully loaded and ballast conditions. The experimental measurements from tests performed using a flexible model of the ship were compared with the numerical predictions from 3-D hydro-elastic theory (THAFTS) (Wu, Hydroelasticity of floating bodies. PH.D thesis, Brunel University, 1984). The measurements showed multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency that occurred only in ballast conditions, whereas the springing vibrations were more apparent with forward speed under ballast conditions in both regular and irregular waves. The numerical method predicted the vertical bending moment quite well in the fully loaded condition but underestimated it in the ballast condition. This result was primarily due to an inability to capture the prediction of the multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency. Using THAFTS, a new ship form with a deep draft was introduced, and this vessel was shown to reduce springing vibrations.     

水深对三体船运动和波浪载荷的影响

利用三维势流理论和简单格林函数计算了迎浪航行时不同航速和不同水深组合下的波浪运动响应和载荷传递函数,研究不同水深和航速组合对三体船的波浪运动响应和波浪载荷的影响,并对船舯垂向弯矩和舯后1/4船长处剪力进行了长期预报.将预报值与规范值进行比较,结果令人满意.计算结果表明三体船在不同水深下航行时,水深对其运动响应和波浪载荷都会产生显著影响.     

关于船舶规范中计算载荷的分析

本文利用非线性切片理论，以两条不同类型的船舶为例，具体分析了现行规范中关于波浪弯矩、砰击振动弯矩以及弯矩迭加计算时存在的一些问题；指出了在确定计算载荷时应当计及船舶在波浪中的失速，所谓的谐振波不一定就是最危险的规则子波，按动量冲击理论计算以底部砰击为主的船舶是不合适的，不应把波浪弯矩和砰击报动弯矩的最大值简单相加来确定合成弯矩。     

船舶波浪载荷短期极值的经验公式

对散货船、油船、集装箱船的多艘实船进行了短期波浪载荷直接计算,分析了这三种船型的船舯垂向弯矩、L/4(L为船长)处垂向剪力、3L/4处垂向剪力的若干规律,以及集装箱船型的扭矩、船舯水平弯矩的若干规律.根据这些规律,总结出一套针对特定船型的短期波浪载荷极值的完整计算公式.     

几种千吨级高性能船耐波性对比分析

为了对比分析千吨级单体圆舭船型、深V船型、穿浪双体船型、三体船的耐波性能,采用二维半理论方法计算各船型在迎浪规则波中的摇荡及首中尾部垂向加速度的频率响应函数,其中应用时域格林函数求解水动力系数,应用谱分析计算各船型在不规则波中的运动有义值.结果表明,几种千吨级高性能船在波浪中的纵向运动性能均比常规圆舭船型优,其中三体船纵向运动性能最佳.计算结果可为该吨级舰船平台选型提供技术支持.     

舰船波浪弯矩响应的频率特性

非直壁式舰船在高浪级和高航速下的弯矩响应中,除了含有低频遭遇频率成分外,还存在着一定数量的遭遇频率的倍频成分及船体各谐调的垂向总振动频率成份,它们都会对舰船波浪弯矩的非线性响应产生相应的影响。如果舰船的第一谐调垂向总振动频率正好是遭遇频率的整数倍,这时弯矩的非线性响应将达到极值。本文从模型试验及理论计算两方面分析了舰船波浪弯矩的频率特性,对船体载荷响应理论的发展及设计载荷的确定具有指导意义。     

Fatigue damage calculation for oil tanker and container ship structures

The fatigue behaviour of longitudinal stiffeners of oil tankers and container ships, subjected to dynamic loads, is analysed. The following dynamic load components are considered: hull girder vertical wave bending moment, alone and combined with the horizontal wave bending moment, hydrodynamic pressure and inertial forces caused by cargo acceleration.

The spectral method was selected to calculate the fatigue damage, based on S—N curves and Miner's rule. Following this approach, the fatigue damage may be calculated as a function of a stress parameter Ω_p, which represents the cumulative effect of wave induced loads in the unit of time and incorporates the combined effects of stress level and its occurring frequency.

Simple formulas for Ω_p of oil tankers and container ships are given, obtained from the results of hydrodynamic analyses performed on several ships, in different wave environments.

Several examples show the applicability of the methods to real ship structures. The method, however, still needs to be calibrated because of the simplifying hypotheses introduced in the loading conditions.