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为量化分析不同交通事故条件下的高速公路路段拥堵情况,研究路段偶发性拥堵规律,本文构建了1个基于行程时间可靠性指标的高速公路路段拥堵判别方法。建立基于美国《公路通行能力手册》中行程时间可靠性分析方法的路段行程时间可靠性模型,并采用西南某高速公路路段实际数据校准模型。利用蒙特卡洛模拟方法生成交通事故场景,将交通事故解构为交通事故发生位置、交通事故严重程度、交通事故持续时间、交通事故发生频率4个特征,并以行程时间指数为路段拥堵量化指标,研究不同交通事故特征水平下的高速公路路段拥堵规律,并判别路段拥堵程度。研究结果表明:美国《公路通行能力手册》的行程时间可靠性分析方法具有可移植性,校准后可应用于国内高速公路路段;交通量接近饱和时,交通事故发生在出口匝道段的拥堵程度高于基本路段与入口匝道段,单车道关闭场景下的交通事故影响远高于路肩关闭场景下的交通事故;交通量接近自由流状态时,拥堵程度对严重程度不敏感;任何交通量水平下,单车道关闭场景下的交通事故持续时间一旦超过15 min,路段拥堵程度极有可能剧增。本文构建的路段拥堵判别方法,可以在精细化探究偶发性交通事故拥堵规律的同时划分路段拥堵等级,为相关部... 相似文献
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城市交通意外事件易诱发局部交通路网拥堵,为防止交通状况恶化,需采取相应的交通控制、诱导手段。针对交通意外事件造成城市交通路网运行状态突变的现象,从用户平衡原理出发,提出了基于满意控制理论的动态交通分配模型。该模型不仅考虑了动态交通分配过程中各种常规的要求(目标、约束),还考虑了动态交通分配的易操作性和交通流控制、疏导过程中的安全性。通过该模型可寻找易于求解及实现的满意解,快速、平稳地实现区域内交通流的正常运行。算例表明该模型及其算法能够快速获得满意解,有效地解决交通状况突变情况下的动态交通分配问题。 相似文献
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城市道路交通事故发生后,由于事故车辆占用车道,使得车辆通行的车道数目减少,道路的通行能力降低,造成排队和交通拥堵,对交通运行产生一定的影响。以双向6车道的城市道路为例,运用Vissim仿真软件模拟交通事故下的交通运行,分析车流量、占道类型、事故持续时间以及借道超车4种因素下的交通影响。结果表明,流量越大、事故持续时间越长、占道数目越多,事故对交通的影响越大。当流量达到3 400 veh/h(D级服务水平),占1个车道的车辆延误显著增加,直至流量达到4 000 veh/h时才逐渐趋于平稳,且占据车道2比占据车道1和占据车道3的延误要大;当流量达到1 900 veh/h(B级服务水平),占2条车道的车辆延误显著增加直至流量达到2 700 veh/h时才逐渐趋于平稳,占据车道1和3的车辆延误要小于占据车道1和2以及占据车道2和3的延误;在相同占道情况下,不同事故持续时间下的车辆延误随流量变化的趋势大体是一致的;当事故道路服务水平为D/E/F级,对向道路服务水平在A/B/C/D级时(事故占用内侧1个车道),以及当对向道路服务水平在A/B/C级时(事故占据内侧2个车道),进行借道超车均能有效减少事故路段车辆延误。 相似文献
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基于多源交通大数据分析,从出行需求、用地布局、交通系统等多方面系统评估江宁区交通拥堵状况,识别交通拥堵成因,精准把握交通症结,借鉴先进地区的经验做 法,推动拥堵治理重点从保障“行车通畅”向提升“车的效率”和“人的体验”转变,提出以健康发展、完善供应和需求调控为核心战略,从用地开发、轨道交通、路网体系、常规公交、慢行交通和停车系统六个方面拟订交通拥堵治理对策。 相似文献
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The emergence of new information technologies and the transformation that has occurred in traffic management have both increased drivers' already considerable need for road traffic information. The travel time is one of the forms in which this information is presented, and a number of systems are based on its dissemination. In this context, this indicator is used as a measure of the impedance (or cost) of routes on the network and/or a congestion indicator. This raises the problem of estimating travel times with an acceptable degree of accuracy, which is a particularly difficult task in urban areas as a result of difficultes of a theoretical, technical and methodological nature. Thus, in order to find out the traffic conditions that prevail on an urban road, the traffic sensors that are usually used to measure traffic conditions are ineffective under certain circumstances. New measurement devices (cameras, GPS or cellphone tracking, etc.) mean that other sources of data are increasingly used in order to supplement the information provided by conventional measurement techniques and improve the accuracy of travel) time estimates. As a result, travel time estimation becomes a typical data fusion problem. This study deals with a multisource estimate of journey times and attempts to provide a comprehensive framework for the utilization of multiple data and demonstrate the feasibility of a travel time estimation system based on the fusion of data of several different types. In this case two types of data are involved, data from conventional induction loop sensors (essentially flow and occupancy measurements) and data from probe vehicles. The selected modelling framework is the Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory, which has the advantage of being able to take account of both the imprecision and uncertainty of the data. The implementation of this methodology has demonstrated that, in each case, better results are achieved with fusion than with methods based on a single source of data and that the quality of the information, as measured by correctly classified rates, improves as the degree of precision required of the estimate is increased. 相似文献
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区域路网交通状态判别是实施区域交通管理控制和交通诱导的基础。为有效且有前瞻性地描述区域路网拥挤状况,提出了1种基于时间序列数据预测和主成分分析相结合的模糊综合定量评价方法。以路段平均速度和交通流量为描述交通拥挤状况的参数,利用时间序列预测模型对数据进行预测;将路网中各路段的平均旅行时间作为总延误的影响因素;再利用主成分分析法确定各个路段对区域拥挤的影响权重;最后运用模糊综合评价法对区域路网拥挤状况进行评估。以山西省临汾市实际路网为例,通过 Vissim 交通仿真软件和 SPSS 数据统计分析软件对算法进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效地预判城市区域的交通状况,为交通管理、控制和诱导提供准确的依据。 相似文献
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针对高峰期间常发拥堵点交通需求过大、周边关联交叉口交通负荷分布不均的问题, 研究了面向常发拥堵点的交通信号协调控制方法。通过对常发拥堵点的车流进行追踪与溯源, 根据交通量关联度确定信号协调控制范围, 然后基于路径的流量分担率与路段平均饱和度识别信号协调控制范围内的关键路径。基于宏观基本图理论, 考虑关键路径对路网运行状态的影响, 构建边界交叉口主动限流控制模型。同时, 利用元胞传输模型描述交叉口与路段的运行状态, 以关键路径通行能力最大化和进口道饱和度均衡化为信号控制优化目标, 建立均衡路网交通负荷的信号控制优化模型。以武汉市发展大道青年路交叉口以及关联交叉口为对象开展仿真实验, 结果表明: 虽然本文方法下的边界交叉口车均延误增加了6.8 s, 但常发拥堵点的车均延误降低了15.7 s; 关键路径的车均延误减少72.6 s, 平均排队长度减少26.1 m。并且, 路网整体的车均延误降低14.7%, 驶出车辆数增加26.6%, 验证了提出方法缓解常发拥堵点交通拥堵的有效性。 相似文献
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This study aims to develop a framework to estimate travel time variability caused by traffic incidents using integrated traffic, road geometry, incident, and weather data. We develop a series of robust regression models based on the data from a stretch in California's highway system during a two-year period. The models estimate highway clearance time and percent changes in speed for both downstream and upstream sections of the incident bottleneck. The results indicate that highway shoulder and lane width factor adversely impact downstream highway clearance time. Next, travel time variability is estimated based on the proposed speed change models. The results of the split-sample validation show the effectiveness of the proposed models in estimating the travel time variability. Application of the model is examined using a micro-simulation, which demonstrates that equipping travelers with the estimated travel time variability in case of an incident can improve the total travel time by almost 60%. The contribution of this research is to bring several datasets together, which can be advantageous to Traffic Incident Management. 相似文献
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随着汽车保有量的增加,城市交通需求量也持续膨胀,使得交通拥堵成为城市发展亟须解决的问题。鉴于此,首先,以车道占有率和速度跃迁概率为基本指标,提出一种新的交通流状态划分方法。随后,研究了交通流参数时变特性及不同车道间的交通流特性,提出了交通拥堵状态的判定算法和指标。最后,分析了城市道路交通拥堵评价层次和评价体系(指标),并得到了评价特定区域内交通拥堵严重程度的城市交通行程时间指数模型。 相似文献
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针对城市快速路网中只有部分路段检测器可用的情况,为准确地估计交通密度并基于此快速识别路网所有路段的交通拥堵情况,研究了基于宏观交通流模型的卡尔曼滤波器设计方法.结合动态图混杂自动机(DGHA)与元胞传输模型(CTM)对快速路网建模,在此基础上推导出分段仿射线性系统(PWALS)模型.基于所得到的模型设计出切换型卡尔曼滤波器进行交通密度估计,并通过将路段密度估计值与临界拥堵密度进行对比来对快速路网的拥堵进行识别.以京通快速路为例进行实验,结果表明,真实值与估计值的平均绝对误差为MAE=0.625 988,显示了所提方法的有效性. 相似文献
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Traffic congestion has become a major challenge in recent years in many countries of the world. One way to alleviate congestion is to manage the traffic efficiently by applying intelligent transportation systems (ITS). One set of ITS technologies helps in diverting vehicles from congested parts of the network to alternate routes having less congestion. Congestion is often measured by traffic density, which is the number of vehicles per unit stretch of the roadway. Density, being a spatial characteristic, is difficult to measure in the field. Also, the general approach of estimating density from location-based measures may not capture the spatial variation in density. To capture the spatial variation better, density can be estimated using both location-based and spatial data sources using a data fusion approach. The present study uses a Kalman filter to fuse spatial and location-based data for the estimation of traffic density. Subsequently, the estimated data are utilized for predicting density to future time intervals using a time-series regression model. The models were estimated and validated using both field and simulated data. Both estimation and prediction models performed well, despite the challenges arising from heterogeneous traffic flow conditions prevalent in India. 相似文献
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在分析影响交通拥挤收费费率的交通量大小、道路条件、拥挤持续时间、居民消费心理、排队延误等因素的基础上,给出了拥挤情况下基于自由流时间的广义交通费用函数,根据交通平衡理论,建立了交通拥挤收费的固定需求UE平衡模型,并使用方向搜索法,利用C#和C++编程对模型进行求解,最后通过算例分析,得出结论:对单个路段而言,一味的提高收费费率可以降低其相应的路段拥挤度,而对于整个研究路网而言,一味的提高路段收费费率并不能降低整个路网的拥挤度,可能会引起整个路网更加拥挤,因此,必须制定合理有效的收费费率,才能达到预期的效果。 相似文献
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随着公路网规模逐步延伸庞大,公众跨区域出行和物资流动迅猛发展、交通突发事件呈现递增现象,建设公路网管理、应急处置和信息服务系统为必然趋势。分析了公路网日常管理、突发事件应急处置、出行信息服务及基础数据支撑的系统功能需求,以省域公路网为研究对象,基于逻辑框架方法,设计了融合日常监控、突发事件预警监测、资源调配与指挥、多方信息联动等多功能的综合性集成平台系统方案,并给出了突发交通应急事件处置流程。研究表明,所构建系统能够掌握实时全面交通信息,实现全路网的协调管理,有效提升应急处置能力和服务水平。 相似文献