基于新兴港口优势的沿海地域城市化机理

发掘国内外社会发展历史轨迹,分析社会生产的各种物质要素和物质过程在空间集聚的特征,认为沿海地理因素在区域发展及城市化过程中有着突出效用。以港口优势为标志的沿海地域运输条件是集聚式城市化的基本经济动因。透过临港产业的空间波及等综合作用,新兴港口的设立和扩张将为推动周边沿海地域的城市化提供持久动力。     

Data processing and telematic work and projects in Western Mediterranean ports

This report which is the object of this summary is the result of Western Mediterranean cooperation both in origin and in execution, during which interviews with over 100 people working in port areas in seven countries were carried out. This has led to a working group involving several professions to promote data processing and electronic data interchange in transport within the area.

CETMO which takes part in these cooperative tasks as an international centre of the United Nations, has drawn up the report. The aim is to provide the group of interested companies and institutions with data on the realities, projects or intentions to develop data processing and telematic systems in the ports of Algiers, Barcelona, Casablanca, Genoa, Lisbon, Marseilles, Tunis and Valencia.

The report presents the results seen from the point of view of the user; the transport operator. Emphasis is therefore placed on system functions and on organizational aspects in order to point out the leaders in port computerization and also the obstacles encountered. The data collected refer to the last nine months of 1988.     

The impact of ship size on ports’ nautical costs

ABSTRACT

Much is known about transport costs at sea and costs made at terminals in ports. About costs, made by ports to provide nautical facilities (incl. infrastructure) and services, not much research is done yet. This paper estimates the impact of increasing ship sizes on costs made by the Port Authority of Amsterdam when providing nautical facilities and services by using hedonic pricing techniques. We have rather unique data on ship’s sizes and harbour dues paid per ship for over 25 years for ships that visited the Port of Amsterdam. Harbour dues paid are used as a proxy for the costs of nautical facilities and services. We have found nearly constant returns to scale, when volume is used as a measure of a ships’ size. An increase in average ship size with 1,000 tonnes deadweight will result in approximately €2 million additional yearly costs (an increase of the average ship size of six percent results in an increase of nautical costs with nearly the same percentage). Our results can be used by Port Authorities and port operators (in case of landlord ports) to estimate costs to be made for providing nautical facilities and services in the near future.     

Characteristics and consequences of the cruise traffic seasonality on ports: the Spanish Mediterranean case

Cruise traffic is a maritime business and tourist typology that has expanded significantly in the past two decades. The seasonality of the industry affects maritime traffic, generating negative effects for the primary stakeholders involved in the configuration of a cruise itinerary. This article focuses on cruise traffic seasonality from the perspective of cruise ports by analysing a sample of 13 ports on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The variable used was cruise passenger movements during the period 2000–2015. The main objective of this article is to analyse cruise traffic seasonality in order to identify a pattern, classify through a cluster analysis, and identify the changes in seasonality during the period. Specifically, a threefold analysis has been performed, with the additional goal of providing a series of counter-seasonal suggestions and strategies to apply in the management of cruise ports. First, the seasonality pattern of each port was determined. Second, a cluster analysis was conducted to classify ports into clusters with homogeneous seasonality patterns. Third, an analysis was conducted to identify the changes in seasonality during the period of analysis using the coefficient of variation and the Gini coefficient. This article concludes the existence of two port clusters with different seasonal patterns.     

The MED rule: the interdependence of container throughput and transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports

The aim of the present paper is to explain the Mediterranean Transhipment Rule by a mathematical model showing the relationship between the diversion distance and the transhipment volumes, as well as the relationship to the total container traffic volume. Thus, the formula was applied to the figures achieved in 1994, 1995 and 1996. To conform with 1994, 1995 and 1996 data the formula was slightly altered so as to forecast transhipment volumes in the Mediterranean ports. By applying the formula to the figures achieved by some Mediterranean ports, the estimations were done which describe reliably enough that the transhipment volumes depend on the diversion distance and the total traffic throughput. In short, the volume of cargo transhipped in a single port is an inverse linear function of the distance of the port from the main-line vessels' route transiting the Mediterranean, and a linear function of the port container traffic volumes.     

加快福州港口建设带动临港产业发展

在分析福州港30年来取得的成就,指出目前存在的问题后,提出了大力发展临港工业、港口现代物流业和港口现代服务业的主张,并提出了实现福州港跨越式发展的建议。     

Towards a common ports policy? EU-proposals and the ports industry's perceptions

This paper discusses the European Union's (EU) proposals to improve the efficiency and infrastructure of European ports, and investigates the extent to which these proposals are welcomed by the ports industry. On the one hand, the analysis of the recent EU policy developments makes apparent that the EU is increasingly impinging upon the port industry's life. On the other hand, the findings of the semi-structured interviews with the industry's representatives suggest that although port authorities and port operators remain in principle against a coherent common EU ports policy, the industry believes that certain EU initiatives can enhance the competitiveness of the maritime transport system.     

Modelling with joint choice of ports and countries of origin and destination: application to Colombian ports

Literature has focused on studying port choice independently or as an element of a supply chain without considering the joint selection with the country of origin/destination of the imports/exports. However, the characteristics and location of a port may make it more attractive to mobilise more freight from/to some particular countries rather than others, making the port choice decision dependent on the country of origin/destination of the cargo. This article proposes advanced econometric models to evaluate simultaneously port choice and the country of origin/destination choice for Colombian imports and exports. Findings suggest that for imports and exports domestic freight rate is the most important variable for the joint choice process. Also, for exports, maritime transit time is more relevant than for imports, while for the frequency of shipping lines the opposite is true. The existence of a trade agreement and the gross domestic product per capita also have a significant influence on the election of a country for exports/imports.     

关于港口物流发展的几点思考

介绍了港口物流发展的重要性,我国港口物流的发展现状,机遇与挑战,并提出了港口物流发展的几点思考。     

非洲港口发展格局及趋势分析

梳理和分析非洲港口发展格局和趋势能够为我国企业参与非洲港口投资、建设、运营提供参考。对非洲港口发展现状、特点和存在问题进行梳理和总结,展望未来发展趋势。与全球其他地区相比,非洲港口在全球海运贸易总规模中的份额较低,港口发展以装卸仓储等基础、传统服务为主,港城矛盾、堆场不足、集疏运通道不畅、现代化和信息化水平低等问题普遍存在。随着全球经济和经贸形势总体长驱稳定,非洲经济产业长期将维持稳定增长,未来非洲港口投资建设需求依旧旺盛,区域港口发展格局将不断演变,港产城一体化、陆上物流通道等建设将加快。     

国外港口整合情况及特点

各国港口积极整合从世界港口业的发展来看,在经济全球化、一体化的时代,随着船运公司和货主的实力增强,港口之间的竞争也日趋激烈,港口已不再像过去那样具有较强的自然垄断力.为了应对海运业的重大变革,港口资源整合成为一种趋势,港口之间不是完全对立的关系,可以在一定条件下寻求共同利益.     

UNCTAD activities in the field of ports and their future

UNCTAD's work in the field of ports started, soon after its establishment in 1964, as a result of a 'Common measure of understanding on shipping questions'. It resulted in a three pronged effort in research, training and technical assistance, carried by the secretariat in close collaboration with the industry. Technical publications were published and are widely used by practitioners throughout the world. Port managers and government officials responsible for ports in developing countries were the beneficiaries of large-scale training programmes. Technical assistance to improve port services was conducted in several developing countries. During the 1990s, new mandates were agreed in the field of transport in which ports are not explicitly mentioned. This paper argues that the stakes in ports are so vital for trading countries, notably those seeking accelerated economic development, that a broad interpretation of the current mandate is needed.     

沿海港口发展环境及适应性分析

立足于国际经贸环境、中国国民经济以及中国对外贸易发展和产业布局调整的最新形势,分析当前全国沿海港口发展的阶段性特点及面临的宏观环境。提出码头评估能力的概念,客观分析港口吞吐量统计数据的构成,就沿海港口评估能力与运输需求的总体适应性、分区域适应性、发展结构适应性以及与产业布局适应性进行探讨,提出问题及建议,展望港口发展态势。     

内陆港发展建设相关问题

对内陆港功能及优势进行了分析;从国家、沿海港口、地方政府、内陆企业、铁路等各个层面对内陆港建设的必要性进行了论述;结合醴陵湘东国际物流园项目,对内陆港的市场需求、建设内容、运营模式、盈利模式和经济效益进行了研究;提出了建设内陆港需要解决的相关问题。     

努力建设创新型港口

国务院总理温家宝在前不久召开的十届全国人大四次会议所作政府工作报告中指出:我国已进入必须更多地依靠科技进步和创新推动经济社会发展的历史阶段,要把加快科技发展放在更加突出的战略地位。提出要加快建设创新型国家,让人印象深刻。港口是国民经济、对外贸易、航运和港口城     

串口设备远程监控的实现

描述了串口设备远程监控系统的实现.利用串口设备联网服务器,可以很方便地将串口设备连入以太网.通过组态软件,上位机可以对串口设备进行数据显示、实时控制、数据存储等操作.由于系统基于以太网,故还可以通过远程主机对其进行实时监控.     

全球港航界的一次盛会--记在上海召开的第24届世界港口大会

<正>由上海国际港务集团主办的第24届世界港口大会于5月21日至27日在上海国际会议中心隆重召开。上海市人民政府市长韩正、交通部部长张春贤、上海市副市长杨雄、市政府副秘书长沈骏、国际港口协会会长彼特·施特鲁伊斯等出席开幕式。大会副会长、上海国际港务集团总裁陆海祜主持会议。     

Productivity and returns to scale of container ports

This is an empirical analysis of the performance of the five major container ports of the East Coast of the United States: Boston, New York-New Jersey, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Hampton Roads. The data through 1978 indicate wide disparities in the productivity of these facilities. They also suggest that container ports exhibit significant returns to scale throughout the range of observation, that is up to 15 Mt a Year. These findings indicate that a national policy of developing small ports is not economically attractive, and that specific investments should be made most carefully.     

日本集装箱港口的放松规制与民营化

为增强集装箱港口竞争力,以日本放松规制与民营化的港口新政为例,阐述其政策背景、制度变迁和改革进展,提出我国港口服务应引入不同的投资主体和经营形式。     

信息支撑现代物流 创新引领港口发展

阐述了港口面对战略挑战,实现了转型以后,利用信息化催生区域物流规模扩张、构建长江口岸物流信息一体化格局、保护物流服务创新的一些做法以及依靠创新引领港口高速发展的若干设想。