内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性分析

提出了内河双壳油船舷侧结构耐撞性能的简化分析方法,详细讨论了球鼻艏撞击作用下内河双壳油船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程.在考虑舷侧外壳板发生断裂破坏后的剩余抗撞能力的基础上,给出了双壳舷侧结构的撞击力―撞深曲线和吸收能量-撞深曲线,并与有限元仿真分析结果进行了比较.简化分析方法得到的结果与有限元分析基本上是一致的,这表明该方法能对内河双壳油船结构的耐撞性能做出合理预报,可用于这类油船耐撞性能的评估.     

壳板厚度对船舶加筋板结构耐撞性能的影响

从船舶加筋板结构缩尺模型的耐撞性试验出发,结合简化分析,详细讨论壳板厚度变化对加筋板结构耐撞性能的影响。给出2个船舶加筋板结构缩尺模型的准静态压入变形试验结果,提出新的简化分析方法,并将简化分析方法与试验进行对比。结果表明:理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,增加壳板厚度将显著提高加筋板结构的耐撞能力。     

舷侧圆管式夹层板结构耐撞性能优化设计

圆管式夹层板是一种新型船舶防护结构形式,通过在单层壳舷侧填充圆管式夹层以提高船体的耐撞性能。由于舷侧夹层结构在增加船体耐撞性的同时增加了船体质量,因此需要对圆管式夹层板进行尺度优化,在确保舷侧耐撞性增强的同时,有效控制船体质量增量。以船首与船侧相撞为例,综合考虑撞深、能量吸收、极限撞击速度和质量,提出一种耐撞性优化指标。基于正交试验设计、BP(Back Propagation)神经网络和遗传算法,得出最优的夹层板尺度,并利用有限元仿真软件MSC/Dytran对船舶碰撞进行数值仿真,从而确定最优的耐撞性舷侧结构设计。结果表明,优化后的舷侧圆管式夹层板结构在提高耐撞性能的同时能较好控制船体质量增量。研究成果在夹层板舷侧结构耐撞性能优化方面具有重要的作用,也为其他新型舷侧结构耐撞性能优化设计提供了参考。     

单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析

给出一种计算船体结构基本构件——梁、板耐撞性的简化分析方法,并将该方法应用于单壳船舷侧结构的碰撞分析。讨论了球鼻首撞击作用下单壳船舷侧结构的总体破坏模式及其渐进破坏过程,提出了计及渐进破坏过程的碰撞损伤简化计算方法。实例计算结果表明:该简化分析方法能对单壳船舷侧结构的耐撞性作出合理的预报,可应用于船舶设计阶段船体结构耐撞性能的评估。     

小型快艇结构耐撞性研究

船舶碰撞是一种复杂非线性瞬态响应过程,在碰撞区内的构件一般迅速进入塑性流动状态,出现撕裂、屈曲等形式的破坏和失效,因此对小型快艇结构碰撞特性进行分析非常必要。分析了艇艏撞击作用下快艇舷侧加筋结构的渐进破坏过程,给出了撞深曲线。为表征小型快艇船体结构的耐撞性能,建立了基于综合考虑塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准的小型艇结构耐撞性评价模型。最后,运用有限元法进行数值分析,开展快艇改进舷侧的结构耐撞性优化研究。数值分析表明,对于中小型快艇,碰撞损伤主要是艇体的总体弯曲变形,损伤变形区域占全船的比例较大,采用塑性应变衡准和撞深衡准能有效地刻画中小型快艇结构耐撞性。     

基于夹层板的单壳船体结构耐撞性设计

减小船舶碰撞损伤提高船舶结构安全性是开展耐撞设计的主要目的。仅靠对传统结构进行优化来提高结构的耐撞性能是有限的,设计高效的吸能单元是提高结构耐撞性能的主要途径。夹层板（蜂窝式夹层板、折叠式夹层板）具有吸能好、比强度高等特性,是一种理想的能量吸收单元。基于夹层板设计出新式单壳舷侧耐撞结构形式,对其耐撞性能进行研究,并与不同耐撞结构形式进行比较。数值仿真结果证明,夹层板舷侧结构显著提高了舷侧结构的抗撞能力,是一种先进的耐撞结构形式。     

双壳结构形式对舷侧结构耐撞性能的影响

船舶碰撞不仅会引起船体结构的损坏,而且会造成人员和财产的重大损失。对于内河油船或化学品船还可能会造成原油或化学品的泄漏,严重污染稀缺的水资源,威胁河流周围居民的正常生活。本文从提高内河双壳油船、化学品船耐撞性能的角度讨论了双壳结构形式对舷侧结构耐撞性能的影响。采用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,在满足双壳舷侧结构体积不变(重量不变)的情况下,分析并讨论了内外壳板厚度、结构布置形式(纵骨大小、纵骨数量)、双壳间距对受撞船舶舷侧结构能量吸收的影响。结果表明:适当增加外壳板厚度和减小纵骨截面的尺寸能提高船舶舷侧结构耐撞性能。同时针对传统双壳结构形式中内壳板所吸收能量占结构总吸能份额较低的特点,比较了内壳板采用波纹板结构(槽形舱壁结构)替代传统的加筋板结构对提高舷侧结构的抗撞能力的影响,收到较好的效果。通过对各种设计方案的计算对比,从中得出了一些具有工程应用价值的结论,为我国制定内河双壳油船碰撞评估指南提供理论依据。     

折叠V型夹层板舷侧结构的耐撞性能优化设计

基于传统加筋形式的船舶舷侧结构,提出一种新式折叠V型夹层板舷侧结构,针对其复杂的耐撞性优化问题,分别利用GA-BP-GA方法和直观分析法对其开展耐撞性能优化设计,并验证了GA-BP-GA方法的可行性与准确性。结果表明:经遗传算法优化后的BP神经网络具有较优的训练精度和泛化能力;与原设计相比,GA-BPGA最优设计的耐撞性能提高了21.0%,高于正交最优设计的16.5%和直观优化的6.3%;GA-BP-GA最优设计关于耐撞性指标的预测值与有限元仿真值之间的相对误差均小于3.5%,具有较高的可信度。     

基于SPS的船体耐撞结构设计研究

夹层板系统（SPS）具有优良的力学性能,因此被广泛地应用于船舶修造过程。因其夹芯层具有良好的缓冲作用,所以可以用作耐撞结构以提高舰船的碰撞性能。文章基于大型商业有限元分析软件ABAQUS,分析了SPS舷侧结构的碰撞性能,重点讨论了损伤变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等碰撞参数,并与传统舷侧结构的碰撞性能进行比较。研究表明：SPS舷侧结构较传统舷侧结构在总质量相当的情况下,极限撞深提高且在极限撞深时吸能也提高较多,表现出了优越的耐撞性能。     

基于折叠式夹层板船体结构耐撞性设计

提高船体结构的耐撞性能是开展船舶碰撞与搁浅研究的主要目的,通过船体结构耐撞设计提高船舶的安全性,对常规船体结构进行优化来提高结构耐撞性能是有限的,设计新型高效的吸能单元是提高结构耐撞性能的有效途径m折叠式夹层板具有吸能好、比强高、刚度大等特性,是一种理想的能量吸收单元.引进特种吸能单元FSP设计出一种新式耐撞结构形式,分别应用于双壳、单壳舷侧结构,对其耐撞性能进行研究.通过数值仿真计算分析,证实FSP舷侧结构显著提高了单壳、双壳舷侧结构的抗撞能力,FSP结构是一种先进的耐撞结构形式.     

加筋薄板简化方式对船体总振动影响的研究

以单向加筋板为主要研究对象,结合正交异性板理论和等效板厚理论提出了适用于振动分析的等效厚度正交异性板简化方法,并与常用的简化方法进行了比较。推导了3种简化方法下的加筋板固有频率的解析公式,并计算了四边简支单向加筋板固有频率。结果表明：本文提出的简化方法在求取单向加筋板低阶固有频率时计算结果与有限元结果前五阶误差在15%以内。文中应用该简化方法计算了一船体梁的固有频率,通过对船体梁甲板的加强筋结构进行简化,将模型总单元数降至原模型的27.6%,采用本文方法计算得到的船体梁垂向前三阶和扭转一阶振动频率优于传统的正交异性板简化方法,较原模型偏差在2.2%以内。说明等效厚度正交异性板简化方法在特定工程领域是可用的,且此法相较之前的方法有一定程度的改进,对相关研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

New simplified approach to collapse analysis of stiffened plates

A new simplified model for collapse analysis of stiffened plates is developed in the framework of the idealized structural unit method (ISUM). By idealizing material and geometrical nonlinearities, larger structural units are defined as an element in ISUM than in conventional finite element analysis (FEA). The proposed stiffened plate model consists of ISUM plate elements and beam-column elements. The formulation of the plate element is performed by introducing accurate shape functions to simulate the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour of plate panels. Combining plate and beam-column elements allows for both local buckling of the plate panel and overall buckling of the stiffener.Fundamental collapse modes of plate panels and stiffened plates are investigated by conventional FEA. According to the observed characteristics, the new simplified model is formulated. Comparisons with FEA demonstrate the accuracy of the simplified model and its high applicability to typical stiffened plates in marine structures.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of blast-loaded stiffened plates considering the strain rate sensitivity

The aim of the present paper is to develop a simple theoretical method which can quickly calculate the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates under a blast loading. The large deformation behavior of the stiffened plate is analyzed by using a singly symmetric beam model as representative of the stiffened plate. The material is assumed to be rigid-perfectly plastic, and the strain rate sensitivity is considered by using the Cowper–Symonds constitutive model (CS model). By Lee's extremum principle, the instantaneous modes of nonlinear structural response are determined. A series of calculations are performed to investigate the influence of pulse intensity, pulse duration, plate thickness, stiffener spacing and material property on the displacement response. The obtained results are in good agreement with those of numerical simulations performed by software package ABAQUS, and then a definition for the cases when the simplified method proposed here can be used is provided.     

焊接诱导的残余应力对加劲板轴向极限强度影响的简化模型研究（英文）

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies(IACS) Common Structural Rules(CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

A Simplified Model for the Effect of Weld-Induced Residual Stresses on the Axial Ultimate Strength of Stiffened Plates

The present work investigates the compressive axial ultimate strength of fillet-welded steel-plated ship structures subjected to uniaxial compression, in which the residual stresses in the welded plates are calculated by a thermo-elasto-plastic finite element analysis that is used to fit an idealized model of residual stress distribution. The numerical results of ultimate strength based on the simplified model of residual stress show good agreement with those of various methods including the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) Common Structural Rules (CSR), leading to the conclusion that the simplified model can be effectively used to represent the distribution of residual stresses in steel-plated structures in a wide range of engineering applications. It is concluded that the widths of the tension zones in the welded plates have a quasi-linear behavior with respect to the plate slenderness. The effect of residual stress on the axial strength of the stiffened plate is analyzed and discussed.     

加筋板整体屈曲临界应力计算与分析

利用解析法对加筋板稳定性进行了研究,忽略材料非线性的影响,利用理论方法求解四边简支加筋板的整体屈曲临界应力。对有一根加强筋的加筋板,定义板的挠曲函数,将其代入边界方程和协调方程,求解线性方程组的特征方程得到加筋板的临界应力。对有2根或多根加强筋的规则加筋板,利用能量法导出统一计算的公式得到临界应力。最后,利用有限元软件Abaqus和Nastran进行数值仿真,与理论解比较后得出本文计算方法是正确的,可以准确求解加筋板的稳定性问题。     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

局部板架的振动计算研究

采用直接简化计算的方法对船上常见的局部板架结构的固有频率进行计算和分析研究。考虑到船上常见的局部板架结构和板架所处环境的不同,分3种不同类型的板架,同时考虑所处空间介质和船体内环境的不同,分别进行研究和计算;与激励源相比后适当修改板架的设计加强方式,以达到初期设计阶段避免船体局部共振的目的。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on welding simulation of long stiffened steel plate specimen

The paper presents the results of metal inert gas T-joint fillet welding tests of small scale rectangular stiffened steel plates longer than the standard test specimen. In the literature the focus is typically on plates with a small aspect ratio and the present work deals with plates of higher aspect ratio, which are the typical ones in marine structures, aiming to determine if there is any significant effect of welding along the longitudinal direction. Nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic finite element models are adopted to evaluate the temperature distribution, welding induced distortions and residual stress in the stiffened plates of shipbuilding steel. Given the difficulty in data acquisition of temperature-dependent properties of the material, a simplified model of the properties is proposed, based on the values at room temperature. Good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated temperatures, indicating that the current finite element approach is appropriate to simulate the welding process. The proposed simplified material model can be efficiently used in the finite element analysis of welded steel structures. It is concluded that the welding parameters have more significant influence on the structural responses than the dimension of the plate.