绿色航运发展趋势和燃料电池船舶的应用前景

针对燃料电池因具有效率高、排放清洁、噪声和振动小等特性而在船舶节能减排和绿色航运发展中倍受关注的现状,分析我国绿色航运的发展趋势,进而介绍船舶新能源技术和燃料电池技术及其特性。综述燃料电池船舶在国内外的研究与应用情况,重点讨论燃料电池在船舶上的应用前景,展望船用燃料电池未来的发展方向。     

绿色船舶的现状和发展趋势分析

随着绿色生态观念的深入发展和IMO对环保要求的日益严苛,“绿色船舶”和“绿色航运”已成为未来造船业和航运业发展的主旋律,本文对绿色船舶概念和内涵进行了深入的阐述,介绍了国内外绿色船舶及其相关技术发展现状,分析了绿色船舶的发展趋势。     

绿色船舶

事件回放：不论是社会责任，还是现实压力，绿色船舶都必需要成为业界的关注重点。不夸张地说，没有绿色船舶，就没有航运的未来。但这毕竟是一个新生事物，怎样与之“长相守”还考验着业界的智慧。     

燃料电池简介及其在船舶上的应用前景

此文介绍了燃料电池的工作原理、种类及其特征,阐述了燃料电池在船舶和固定电站的商业应用及其发展前景。     

燃料电池在船舶上的应用

近年来,由于能源紧缺和环境意识的增强,人们已认识到一种新推进系统的重要性,它能代替船上现有的电网和／或推进系统,燃料电池由于具有可观的发展前景而在该系统中起主要作用,将燃料电池用于常规（非核动力）潜艇的AIP系统后,人们开始认识到它的优点,对于水面舰船,特别是商船来说,要广泛使用燃料电池还为时尚早,必须等到成本和技术可靠性都达到与常规推进系统一样才行。     

绿色船舶制造技术的发展趋势

本文综述了绿色船舶制造技术的现状和发展趋势，并对绿色船舶在设计和建造中需着重考虑的一尝问题提出解决方案。     

绿色甲醇用作远洋船舶航运燃料的应用研究

文章从国际法规、绿色燃料来源、加注及存储、发动机、其他场景应用等角度对比当下可用的各种清洁能源,尤其是绿色甲醇和绿色液氨,结果表明绿色甲醇为当下可用的、适合远洋航运的最佳脱碳燃料。     

Evolution of green shipping research: themes and methods

Over the past 30 years, there have been growing concerns on the environmental impacts of maritime transportation, which have attracted great attention from both academia and practitioners. Understanding developments in this area can help guide future research. We conducted a comprehensive review of green shipping research, comprising 213 papers published in transportation journals in SSCI of 2017 over the period 1988–2017. We find that research on green shipping has increased greatly since 2012, accounting for 77.5% of the reviewed papers. The main focus today on green shipping was on air pollution, and the classification of green shipping practice, such as technical measures, operational options, market-based measures, and recycling and reusing, is becoming clear. According to the existing studies, future research on green shipping must strengthen technology research to not only solve practical problems, but also to establish a theoretical green shipping system. Moreover, researchers from different countries could cooperate with each other to give effective suggestions on setting standards and laws of green shipping. Finally, we identify the future research themes will focus on setting up green shipping system and legislation and policy.     

燃料电池在舰船上应用前景的研究

文章介绍了燃料电池的特点和类型,从船用的角度分析比较了几种燃料电池的特点,并以PEMFC燃料电池为例与传统的柴油发电机组在性能上进行了比较,最后对燃料电池在舰船上的应用前景作出了分析和总结.     

Neural network-based fuel consumption estimation for container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Due to the outstanding strength of advanced machine-learning techniques, they have become increasingly common in predictive studies in recent years, particularly in predicting ship energy performance. In constructing predictive models, prior studies have mostly employed vessels’ technical parameters to establish machine-learning algorithms. To bridge this research gap and enable wider applications, this paper presents the design of a multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP ANN) as a machine-learning technique to estimate ship fuel consumption. We utilized the real operational data from 100–143 container ships to estimate fuel consumption for five different container ships grouped by size. We compared the performance of two ANN models and two multiple-regression models. Four input parameters (sailing time, speed, cargo weight, and capacity) were included in the first ANN and the first regression model, while the other two models only consider two inputs from physical function. The mean absolute percentage error of the ANN models with four inputs was the smallest and less than those in extended statistical models, demonstrating the MLP’s superiority over the statistical model. The MLP ANN model can thus be applied to confirm the effectiveness of the slow-steaming method for achieving energy efficiency.     

发展绿色舰船,抢占未来舰船发展制高点

针对舰船装备发展面临的低碳、环保等热点问题,阐述了“绿色舰船”和“绿色舰队”的内涵,介绍了美、欧等世界先进海军国家绿色舰船的发展现状。从节能、减排、防污和能源安全等角度,分析了我国海军发展绿色舰船的必要性。提出了发展绿色舰船应采取的系统性举措,包括:加强战略规划论证、更新舰船设计理念、注重绿色能源探索、强化配套装备研发、提升绿色建造能力、重视绿色管理研究、关注国际绿色舰船装备与技术新动向、积极开展国内外交流和合作等。     

国际干散货航运市场回顾与展望

自2003年10月份以来,国际干散货航运市场表现十分强劲,但从2005年的BDI指数走势来看,这种高景气度已有明显的见顶迹象,对于国际干散货航运市场能否持续高涨的行情,说法众多不一。首先对国际干散货航运市场进行回顾,并针对与干散货航运市场关系密切的世界经济以及国际干散货航运市场供需两方面进行分析,最后对2006年国际干散货航运市场的发展加以展望。     

国际集装箱运输市场回顾及展望

2005年的国际航运市场总体发展相对良好,就国际集装箱运输市场而言,2005年市场发展的主要特点表现为:世界经济稳步增长,市场供需情况良好,箱货贸易量与运力投放量同步上升,市场运价高位整理,船公司收益普遍增长,租船市场依旧抢手,中国因素成为世界海运的核心动力。展望2006年,虽然存在许多不确定因素,但出现重大突发性事件的可能性较小,预计国际集装箱运输市场有望继续处于强势发展周期。     

关于更改国际航行船舶船龄问题的探讨

文中旨在分析国际航行船舶船龄更改的背景、法律、登记制度的弊端，结合实际存在的问题，对船龄更改方法进行了详细的阐述，提出了我国海事机构应采取的有效对策。     

Methodology for ro-ro ship and fleet sizing with application to short sea shipping

A novel methodology is developed for determining the characteristics of a cargo roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship and the fleet size required for a given short sea shipping route. The ship and required fleet size to satisfy the transportation demand (for each pair of speed and freight rate) are determined using a database of existing cargo ro-ro ships to obtain the main technical characteristics of the most suitable ship. The time charter, voyage costs and revenue are then calculated considering the technical characteristics of each ship. Fuel costs are corrected for the actual ship speed and loading condition. A number of restrictions in the transportation problem are considered leading to the exclusion of unfeasible solutions. The maximum profit over the period of a year is identified among the feasible pairs of speed and freight rate. This general methodology is applied in a case study that considers the route between Leixões (Portugal) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). The study allows the identification of the most suitable ship and fleet sizes for different market penetration levels and quantifies the impact on shipping company profit of changes in parameters such as fuel costs, time charter costs, emission control area, installed propulsion power and stacking factor.     

北极航运及冰区船舶主机功率探讨

简要介绍北极地区航运情况与特点,分别利用芬兰-瑞典冰级规范、芬兰-瑞典冰级规范导则及美国船级社抗冰级船舶指导说明,对一艘阿芙拉型(Aframax)油轮进行1A冰级主机功率加强计算,指出规范计算1A冰级阿芙拉型油轮的不足。讨论虽然针对1A冰级船舶,但对于PC7级船舶的主机功率计算也有指导意义。     

新型材料在船舶减振降噪方面的前景与应用

目前舰船上仍大量使用传统材料,而近年来新型材料的发展优化了舰船的设计及性能。本文从材料的角度为船舶的减振降噪提供新策略。主要介绍新型阻尼材料、负泊松比材料、超磁致伸缩材料、功能梯度材料、声子晶体和声子玻璃这几种当下热门的新型材料,分别阐述其作用机理,目前国内外的发展现状,并简要分析它们在船舶减振降噪方面的应用前景,希望能为未来新材料在舰船上的应用提供参考。