改善平行中体舷顶角区域焊接节点质量的措施

1. 舷边部位的重要性 舷顶角,也叫舷边,是主甲板边板和舷顶列板的连接部位,也是影响船体强度的重要部位.在船舶设计中,常采用的舷边结构形式主要有直角形舷顶角,其建造工艺简单,易产生较大的内应力;圆弧形舷顶角,其结构刚性好,应力分布均匀,但对船台合拢的精度要求较高.     

考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷的加筋板极限强度分析

加筋板是船体结构的重要组成部分。采用一阶屈曲分析得到的加筋板失稳模态以局部变形为主,按一阶屈曲模态引入的初始缺陷不能很好反映船体甲板结构的整体缺陷,为了进一步推广高等分析法在船舶与海洋结构物中的应用,本文提出一种能反映船体整层甲板、舱段乃至全船结构整体缺陷分布的失稳模态型初始缺陷引入方式。采用有限元软件Ansys,对加筋板不同初始缺陷形态下的极限强度进行分析并与试验结果对比,验证了引入失稳模态型初始缺陷在加筋板极限强度计算中的可行性与有效性。有限元计算结果表明,与采用一阶屈曲型初始缺陷相比,采用失稳模态型初始缺陷得到的加筋板极限强度更低,更能保证结构的安全性。考虑失稳模态型初始缺陷,对31个单一参数变量加筋板进行极限强度分析。计算结果表明,在合理范围内增高加强筋是提高加筋板极限强度的最有效手段。     

环肋圆柱壳局部损伤后的承载能力及其加强方案研究

采用线弹性和弹塑性有限元方法,对环肋圆柱壳壳板局部凹陷后的强度和稳定性及其加强方案进行研究。结果表明:采用扁钢局部加强可有效降低壳板表面纵向应力和肋骨应力;增大环向加强筋尺寸比增大纵向加强筋尺寸对降低应力值效果更明显,且加强筋端部采用外伸削斜方式效果最好;壳板局部凹陷会改变舱段结构的弹性屈曲模态,使舱段的稳定性略有降低,但对肋间壳板失稳压力影响较小;采用加强筋加强后,可使舱段的稳定性略有提高。     

客滚船压筋板极限承载力数值计算及敏感性分析

针对新型客滚船上采用的槽型压筋板，利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS中的risk算法对设置初始压制缺陷的槽型压筋板模型进行受压极限承载力计算。计算发现槽型压筋板中部与焊接扁钢的板边部分所受压屈曲极限承载力不同，因此将槽型压筋板分成2个部分进行研究。通过计算并利用MATLAB对数据回归分析后发现：对于槽型压筋板中间部分，随着槽型间距和压筋板长度的增加，线性屈曲压力减小，受压极限承载力减小，破坏时的最大挠度增加；随着厚度增加，线性屈曲压力和受压极限承载力增加较少，破坏时的最大挠度降低。针对槽型压筋板焊接扁钢的板边部分，缩短板边扁钢与旁边槽型的间距及提高焊接扁钢的腹板厚度均能提高压筋板板边的极限承载压力。设计中可通过在压筋板边焊接扁钢且增加扁钢尺寸或以焊接制造的方式增加槽型高度减小槽型间距，以提高压筋板的极限承载力。     

一边固支一边自由矩形薄板的屈曲强度分析

采用能量法推导出"固支-自由"矩形薄板的弹性临界应力计算公式,给出屈曲系数的取值曲线。在此基础上,比较了两种弹塑性临界应力的修正公式。采用非线性有限元法求解了"固支-自由"薄板的极限屈曲应力,验证了极限屈曲应力与屈服极限的比值可由薄板的柔度来表示,并给出极限屈曲应力的回归公式。针对两种失稳类型的计算结果表明:"固支-自由"薄板的弹塑性临界应力与极限屈曲应力的差异较小。     

加筋板格高级屈曲分析技术研究及软件开发

文章给出了基于弹性大挠度理论和刚塑性分析的加筋板格高级屈曲分析方法(EPM),该方法包括五种失效模式,即正交加筋板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋子板格整体屈曲、纵向加筋和带板的局部屈曲或屈服、纵向加筋的侧倾以及全部屈服,可以考虑初始挠度和残余应力的影响以及双向压缩和侧向载荷的联合作用。以EPM方法为核心开发了加筋板格高级屈曲分析软件系统,包括任务管理、数据输入、屈曲分析、结果查看、能力曲线和文件分析等六个模块。为验证EPM方法的精度进行了系列纵向加筋和正交加筋板格试验模型的比较计算,并计算了四种典型加筋板格的双向应力能力曲线,与板格极限状态分析（PULS）软件和协调共同结构规范（HCSR）方法进行了比较分析。结果表明EPM方法可以分析联合载荷等因素对加筋板格极限强度的影响,文中开发的软件系统可用于加筋板格高级屈曲分析。     

深海环境下带球封头钛合金耐压壳碰撞特性研究

深海装备在大潜深环境航行时存在碰撞的可能。本文基于Abaqus仿真软件模拟大深度、中低航速情况下带球封头钛合金环肋圆柱壳耐压结构与玄武岩的碰撞过程,考察结构的撞击变形、应力响应,从失稳破坏和强度破坏的角度分析耐压壳的撞击安全性。结果表明,球封头碰撞残余应力对耐压壳极限承载能力有提升作用,评估封头撞击对失稳模式和承载能力的影响时只需考虑塑性变形;考察钛合金耐压壳球封头碰撞的破坏模式时应优先考虑结构的强度破坏。     

船体梁的极限强度分析

沿用Cadewell直接计算极限强度的方法，基于有限元的计算思想，将结构离散化为由横向构件和垂向构件所组成的结构，然后利用船体梁在破损时的应力分布，精确计算了船体梁的极限强度，并对加筋板受压时可能出现的5种屈曲形式作了分析，给出了考虑这5种屈曲模式的加筋板极限屈曲强度的公式；以某大型散货船为例，对船体的极限强度进行了评估，结果表明该方法是简便、可靠、实用可行的。     

焊接变形和应力对甲板板架极限强度的影响

船舶建造过程中,焊接引起的结构变形和应力对船舶结构性能产生影响。以典型船舶甲板板架为例,研究焊接初始缺陷对甲板板架极限强度的影响。采用数值仿真方法模拟甲板板架的焊接过程,获得结构焊接变形和残余应力,对含初始缺陷的板架结构施加轴向压缩载荷,计算板架结构的极限强度,并与理想结构进行比较研究。结果表明,轴向压缩载荷下,甲板板变形过大是引起板架整体失稳的主要因素;焊接变形及残余应力显著地削弱甲板板架极限承载能力,焊接初始缺陷降低甲板板架整体刚度,影响结构失效模式。     

极地小型邮轮加筋板结构冗余度试验研究

以极地小型邮轮加筋板结构为研究对象,设计并制作典型加筋板缩比模型,开展完整结构和损伤结构的轴向压缩极限强度试验研究,揭示完整结构和损伤结构下,主甲板板架结构的极限承载能力和屈曲失效模式,并基于全船结构强度有限元方法,计算主甲板板架完整结构和损伤结构的应力,进行了主甲板板架结构冗余度评估。研究发现：轴向压缩载荷作用下,单独一根加强筋出现局部损伤会小幅度降低加筋板结构的极限承载能力;加筋板完整结构和损伤结构屈曲破坏模式均为加强筋率先破坏引起整个板架结构屈曲破坏;单独一根加强筋的损伤不会引起极地小型邮轮加筋板结构的连续性垮塌,具有良好的结构冗余。研究结果对极地小型邮轮结构设计和冗余度研究具有一定参考价值。     

基于目标的甲板梁拱设计研究

以油船和散货船为对象,介绍了甲板梁拱的型式和作用,并对梁拱的设计进行了深入探讨。对于具有梁拱的船舶,甲板板的总纵弯曲应力如何计算,给出了一个有效的计算公式。对于甲板企口的设计也进行了详细的分析。得出了对于甲板梁拱的设计,虽然目前没有任何规范给出明确规定,但它对整个船舶设计的影响是深入的和全面的,应从基于使用目的和方便施工等目标进行综合考虑的结论。     

矿砂船舱口间甲板结构的可靠性评估

文章针对一艘舱口间甲板发生屈曲破坏的矿砂船,对其舱口间甲板结构进行横向压缩强度分析和可靠性评估。为建立一套初步的可靠性评估方法,首先,采用半解析公式计算舱口间甲板结构在不同破坏模式下的压缩极限强度,其最小值即为结构的临界应力,为强度评估提供依据。其次,基于改进的一次二阶矩法编写FOR⁃TRAN子程序,计算结构的可靠性指标,建立了基于舱口间甲板的横向压缩强度的可靠性分析程序。综合评估结果表明,舱口间甲板结构的强度储备不足以抵抗外部载荷,屈曲破坏发生起始于檐板和舱口间甲板,这与目标船的事故分析报告中的屈曲现象吻合。根据舱口间甲板结构的强度和可靠性评估结果,采取三种加强方案,权衡结构安全因子和结构重量从而得出较优的修复加强方案。     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

无风撑异形钢箱拱肋系杆拱桥受力分析

介绍了无风撑异形拱桥的结构特点和设计构造,结合有限元的数值计算方法,分析了结构的主要受力特点。采用第一类弹性稳定分析方法,对成桥状态和运营状态进行了稳定性能的计算分析。结果表明：由于异型拱桥的非对称性,结构受力也呈现非对称性,拱肋应力呈S形分布。对于刚拱刚梁结构体系,桥面系刚度较大,结构的失稳主要表现在拱肋的面外失稳。     

钢一混凝土组合桥面板计算分析

钢一混凝土组合桥面板是通过剪力连接件将混凝土和钢梁结合在一起的一种新型组合结构。以某一特大跨度悬索桥钢一混凝土组合桥面板为例,介绍了钢一混凝土桥面板设计的基本方法,并进行了有限元计算,结果表明设计满足规范要求。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames of bulk carriers (2nd Report)—Lateral-distortional buckling and local face buckling

Pitting corrosion is typical corrosion observed on coated hold frames of bulk carriers which exclusively carry coal and iron ore. In order to secure the safety of these types of bulk carriers, it is important to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on local strength of hold frames.

In order to investigate this effect, a series of 4- and 3-point bend tests on structural models which consist of web, shell and face plates has been carried out. Artificial pitting was created on the web plate to simulate pitting. In the 4-point bend tests, two equal concentrated loads have been applied vertically at the one-third points of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, lateral-distortional buckling occurred before reaching the ultimate strength and local buckling of the face plate was observed after reaching the ultimate strength. The effect of web plate pitting on the lateral-distortional buckling strength was found to be small but the ultimate strength decreases with increase in the degree of pitting intensity. In the 3-point bend tests, concentrated load has been applied vertically at the center of simply supported models so that compression load due to bending would act on the face plate. In this testing condition, local face buckling occurred just after reaching the ultimate strength. The ultimate strength is found to be decreasing with increase in the degree of pitting intensity.

A series of non-linear FE analyses has been performed to simulate the deformation behavior observed in the tests. It has been revealed that even in the case of randomly distributed pitting corrosion the ultimate strength of the structural models was almost the same as that of the structural models with uniform corrosion corresponding to the average thickness loss.     

带止屈器的复合材料圆柱壳结构屈曲分析及优化

针对海洋工程上的复合材料圆柱壳结构,基于有限元软件ABAQUS,利用Python语言编程实现参数化建模、屈曲分析以及在后处理中提取屈曲因子。研究复合材料圆柱壳结构在单独受到轴向压力、侧向压力以及两种压力组合作用下止屈器的位置对屈曲极限强度的影响,并利用遗传算法多参数优化的方法对止屈器的位置进行优化,最终找到最优解。研究结果可以为复合材料圆柱壳结构抵抗屈曲失效的优化设计提供参考。     

基于CSR的2万吨级散货船体舱段板格屈曲计算

在一艘基于共同规范（CSR）的2万吨级散货船的应力分析的基础上,利用在MSC．NASTRAN的前处理程序MSC．PATRAN平台上开发的板格屈曲程序,计算了该舱段中间货舱板格的屈曲,并对其进行评估。