我国沿海港口液化天然气码头建设运营现状研究

沿海进口液化天然气(LNG)目前在我国天然气供应体系中发挥了非常重要的作用。通过分析我国沿海及分区域LNG码头建设现状、到港LNG船型、船舶密度和码头利用现状,得出结论:受消费需求不均衡、配套设施能力有限等多方面因素影响,部分LNG码头能力尚未充分释放,局部地区LNG码头淡旺季利用不均衡。根据各区域到港LNG船型结构、船舶密度的分布规律,分淡、旺季对各区域LNG泊位利用率进行测算,提出了沿海分区域平均泊位利用率和局部地区高峰季泊位利用率参数。在此基础上,结合LNG码头运营和船舶监管特点,指出沿海LNG码头运营存在的问题并提出建议。研究结论可为区域LNG码头相关港口规划和设计提供参考。     

LNG码头平面布置要点探讨

以粤东某LNG码头工程为例,结合国内部分已建成投入运营LNG码头的工程经验,对LNG码头布置中进港航道、制动水域、港池及码头平面布置中的要点及考虑因素分析总结。根据波浪、潮流、泥沙等自然条件及LNG接卸、加注码头工艺要求,进行平面布置方案比选,确定综合最优布置型式。本文可为LNG码头平面布置提供参考与借鉴。     

航道约束下的LNG码头对散货泊位建设的影响研究

采用基于多智能体的仿真建模方法,构建考虑LNG船和散货船共用航道的港口航道系统仿真模型,研究在航道条件约束下,日到港LNG船数量不同时,LNG码头对散货泊位建设数量的影响。结果表明:在散货泊位利用率随泊位数量增加而降低的阶段,当AWT/AST一定时,在航道受限条件下,日到港LNG船数越多,可建设散货泊位数量越少;港内散货泊位数量为定值,随着日到港LNG船数增加,散货泊位将出现富余,且日到港LNG船数越多,散货泊位富余也越大。     

天津港大港港区LNG双泊位联合运行通航管理方案*

为满足北方地区冬季LNG高峰期保供目标,部分渤海沿海港口在同一港池内规划布置双LNG泊位。鉴于双泊位联合运营下的LNG船舶关联性强且操纵难度高的特点,有必要对LNG双泊位联合运行进行调度管理方案研究。以国内首座正式投产运营的LNG双泊位为例,基于船舶操纵模拟仿真方法,通过分析LNG船舶航行对航道通航效率影响及相邻泊位联动性,提出双泊位运营下的LNG船进出港优先级。在此基础上,结合LNG双泊位运营特点和通航管理规则,制定近期和远期不同阶段的船舶联合调度组织模式。研究结论可为单港池LNG双泊位的通航管理提供决策依据。     

基于国际航运协会(PIANC)规范的港池及航道平面尺度探讨

针对港池和航道平面尺度的分析和计算,PIANC规范提出在概念设计阶段根据自然条件、船舶的基本参数、周边泊位的影响,利用公式对水域尺度进行快速计算,在详细设计阶段应采用仿真试验模拟实际工况,准确地确定航道布置及尺度。以东南亚某LNG码头工程为例,将采用PIANC规范公式与仿真试验计算的港口水域尺度进行对比。结果表明,与公式计算相比,仿真试验能更准确、真实地模拟不同工况下的船舶航行轨迹。成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

大窑湾集装箱码头泊位通过能力影响因素研究

以大窑湾集装箱码头的实际运营为例,将决定泊位通过能力的各个环节分为泊位年营运天数、泊位有效利用率、船时装卸效率、单船装卸箱量、昼夜装卸作业时间、船舶装卸辅助作业及船舶靠离泊时间、岸边集装箱岸桥配备台数等因素逐一分析,并利用计算机程序进行仿真模拟,得出各因素对泊位通过能力影响的权重,从而为码头的管理决策提供了科学依据,以期提高集装箱码头泊位的通过能力,获取更大的经营效益、改善码头服务水平.     

基于计算机仿真技术的大型原油接卸码头通过能力研究

依托广东省某大型原油接卸码头工程实例,系统分析影响大型原油接卸码头通过能力的影响因素,对原油船舶从到达锚地、进入航道、靠泊作业、卸油作业、离泊作业以及船舶离港避风避浪等船舶的全过程进行详细建模,在考虑潮汐、风浪雾、航道管制规则等影响因素的基础上,建立了大型原油接卸码头港航系统仿真模型,并基于港口服务水平评价指标对码头合理通过能力进行科学论证,为大型原油码头的建设提供科学参考。     

黄骅港煤炭港区港航系统能力影响因素分析及优化措施

黄骅港煤炭港区煤炭装船设计能力1.78亿t,近年码头通过能力一直维持在2.0亿t左右,港航系统能力非常紧张,急需对影响和制约港航系统能力的因素进行研究,提出提高港航系统能力的措施。为了合理确定港航系统能力,对煤炭港区码头和航道的实际运营数据进行统计、整理和分析,对船舶进出港规则进行研究,采用理论计算和计算机仿真分析的方法进行复核计算。结果表明,煤炭港区港航系统能力主要受码头、航道及其耦合匹配关系影响;煤炭港区在现状码头和航道条件下,通过提高泊位装船效率、增加待泊泊位及优化船舶调度,可以在一定程度上提升港区能力,但提升程度有限,并不能从根本上解决港区能力不足的问题;煤炭港区增加装船泊位是提升港区能力的根本途径。     

沿海集装箱港区单向航道服务水平研究

提出沿海航道服务水平和航道利用率的概念来确定集装箱港区单向航道扩建时机.首先分析航道服务水平的影响因素,并建立对应仿真模型,得到不同通航历时下的泊位数与航道利用率曲线;利用数学方法分析泊位数与航道利用率的关系;最后基于航道利用率划分服务水平等级,确定航道扩建时机.实例证明,基于航道利用率的航道服务水平可用于确定扩建时机,并对其他专业化港区有一定借鉴作用.     

单航道多泊位的液化天然气码头建设规模仿真研究

液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港时通航排他性强,有必要进一步研究LNG码头适宜规模,以科学引导大型LNG接收站建设.基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真方法,建立单个LNG港址单向专用航道模型,研究高负荷状态下2～6个LNG泊位时的船舶进出港及接卸作业全过程,评估LNG船舶相互影响状况下的进出港效率.结果表明,基于目前一般通航规则,单个港址LNG泊位数量2个较优,3个相对平衡,不宜超过4个.当达到4个泊位时,船舶进出港效率明显下降,潜在运营风险较高;且随着泊位数量进一步增多,效率会持续下降.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。