具有输入时滞的二轮自平衡车自适应滑模控制

对具有输入时滞的二轮自平衡车系统, 设计了一种自适应滑模控制算法; 采用拉格朗日函数建立二轮自平衡车系统的动力学数学模型, 并在系统模型中考虑实际中存在输入时滞, 以及在处理输入时滞时所引入的未知扰动; 对变换后的输入矩阵做奇异值分解, 进一步设计了对扰动参数具有自适应估计能力的自适应滑模控制器; 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论, 保证了闭环系统鲁棒渐近稳定; 试验采用陀螺仪MPU-6050以及加速度传感器构成小车姿态检测装置。分析结果表明: 当控制参数较小时, 系统的超调量较小, 然而系统的调节时间较长; 当控制参数较大时, 系统产生了较明显的超调量, 然而系统的调节时间缩短了; 当外加扰动较小时, 车体速度变化小于0.08 m·s-1, 倾角角速度变化小于0.6°·s-1; 当外加扰动较大时, 车体速度变化小于0.10 m·s-1, 倾角角速度变化小于0.8°·s-1; 初始倾角为5°时, 车体速度保持在0.005 m·s-1范围内, 倾角角速度保持在0.022°·s-1范围内; 初始倾角为10°时, 车体速度保持在0.007 m·s-1范围内, 倾角角速度保持在0.031°·s-1范围内。可见, 自适应滑模控制算法能在引入适量干扰和不同初始车体倾角的情况下, 使小车自主调整并迅速恢复稳定状态。      

电液伺服系统模型参考自适应控制器研究

对电液伺服系统进行了模型参考自适应控制研究 ,根据系统输入输出调整某一特定结构控制器的参数 ,从而补偿对象传递函数的变化 ,并给出了仿真结果。     

基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制策略

针对采用传统线性滑模控制的电磁悬浮系统存在响应速度慢以及抗干扰能力差的问题，提出了一种基于自适应非奇异终端滑模的悬浮控制方法，该方法将自适应控制引入到终端滑模控制，结合滑模控制对扰动不敏感的优点，利用自适应控制对滑模趋近律系数进行在线自适应调节，改善悬浮系统的动态性能. 首先，建立了电磁悬浮系统数学模型；然后，利用李雅普诺夫稳定理论证明了所设计控制器的稳定性；最后，进行了仿真和实验验证. 实验结果表明:自适应非奇异终端滑模对信号跟踪具有更快的响应速度和更小的稳态误差，对峰峰值为2 N的正弦或锯齿干扰力气隙波动可限定在0.2 mm以内，进行0.1 kg加减载实验时气隙波动为0.6 mm，各项性能均优于终端滑模和线性滑模.      

四轮独立转向车辆稳定性的模糊最优控制方法

为改善四轮独立转向（4WIS）车辆的操纵稳定性,在设计了4WIS模型跟踪最优控制器的基础上,对最优控制参数对控制性能的影响以及4WIS车辆转向动力学特性进行了分析,提出了一种基于车辆转向状态的最优控制器参数调整策略,并设计了模糊逻辑控制参数调节器,实现最优控制器参数的自适应调整.结合4WIS车辆的八自由度动力学模型对提出的模糊最优控制系统进行仿真实验分析,结果表明:设计的4WIS模糊最优控制系统能够极大地改善车辆的稳定性与安全性;在高速低附着系数的极限工况下,该系统仍然够能保证车辆的理想转向状态.该系统对于强侧向风一类的侧向干扰具有很强的抑制能力;风速90 km/h的强侧风且无驾驶员干预情况下,车辆在320 m行驶距离内,侧向偏移量仅为0.78 m.      

前馈多源信息下异构动力学卡车队列协同控制系统

针对目前卡车队列动力学异构性所导致的系统弦稳定性、内部稳定性以及队列耦合性降低的问题,提出了一种异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器设计方法,建立了基于前馈多源信息的异构动力学卡车队列闭环耦合系统;考虑由异构车型所构成的卡车队列存在发动机执行器的饱和态异构问题,建立了发动机饱和性和状态约束条件;在上层协同控制器的基础上,建立了一种非线性下层异构发动机扭矩输出控制模型,用于控制车辆动力学仿真软件TruckSim中的真实车辆模型;建立了基于三维燃油特性图的车辆能耗模型,用于计算实时车辆油耗和节能性分析;通过频域分析法,结合已知异构动力学参数量化标定了协同自适应巡航系统控制器的增益,确保系统满足弦稳定条件。分析结果表明：相比同构动力学控制器,异构协同自适应巡航系统控制器可以确保距离误差在-0.01～0.15 m内,优于同构控制器作用下的-0.3～0.5 m,且当领航车进入匀速行驶状态时,跟随车辆能立刻收敛至相同的行驶状态,收敛性能优于同构协同自适应巡航控制系统;卡车队列节油率最大可达8.15%,随着车头时距减小至0.5 s,平均节油率最大可达8.10%。由此可见,多源前馈信息异构控制系统能有效降低车...     

Nonlinear pitch control of an underwater glider based on adaptive backstepping approach

Underwater gliders are highly efficient and long-ranged autonomous underwater vehicles. The typical dynamic modeling in the vertical plane is of multi-input multi-output(MIMO), which is underactuated while easily affected by the ambient environment. To resolve the problems of MIMO, the dynamic model is transformed into a single-input single-output(SISO) system with two dubious parameters, and an adaptive backstepping controller is designed and applied in this paper. A Lyapunov function has been established with the total energy of the system converged in the controller. Contrast result of simulation has demonstrated that the derived nonlinear controller has higher tracking precision and faster response than the proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control method,which indicates its excellent capability to deal with the controlling problems of underwater gliders.     

Path following control of underactuated ships based on unscented Kalman filter

A path following controller is proposed to force an underactuated surface ship which is suffering from disturbance to follow a predefined path.The controller is based on analytic model predictive control and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) techniques.The analytic model predictive control provides a systematic method to get appropriate controller parameters to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system,and the well-defined relative degree is guaranteed by introducing output-redefinition.The UKF is used t...     

吊舱推进电机的无模型自适应滑模矢量控制

为解决半潜船吊舱推进电机控制系统中负载扰动造成的转速跟踪性能差的问题, 提出一种基于数据驱动的吊舱推进电机转速矢量控制方法; 对包含未知负载扰动的推进电机转速方程进行离散化处理, 给出关于输出转速与输入电流离散后的非线性转速系统; 由于非线性转速系统方程中变量较多且负载扰动模型未知, 设计了基于数据驱动的无模型自适应控制器, 并给出了伪偏导数估计算法; 采用滑模观测器观测螺旋桨负载扰动, 同时给出了滑模控制器; 结合无模型自适应控制和滑模控制给出了负载扰动下的无模型自适应滑模(MFASM)控制方案; 构建了吊舱推进电机无模型自适应滑模矢量控制调速系统, 并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下给出了仿真结果。研究结果表明: 在船舶正常作业恒定转速下, 在0.3~0.5 s时间区域内, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案和PI矢量控制方案的吊舱推进电机的转速误差分别为2、6 r·min-1; 在0.8~1.0 s时间区域内, 采用无模型自适应滑模矢量控制方案和PI矢量控制方案的吊舱推进电机的转速误差分别1、3 r·min-1; 对于船舶操车作业的可变转速情形, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案的推进电机转速和转矩达到稳态的时间比PI矢量控制方案少0.01~0.03 s。可以看出, 采用MFASM矢量控制方案可改善吊舱推进电机转速跟踪性能, 是一种有效的抑制负载扰动的数据驱动控制方法。      

半主动悬架系统控制仿真

基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,设计了汽车半主动悬架的模型参考自适应控制器.自适应控制器包括可调前置控制器和状态反馈控制器.推导了自适应控制律与约束条件.结果表明:该控制器具有很好的鲁棒性和抗干扰性,对系统非线性和模型参数的不确定性具有广泛的适应性.仿真证实了控制器设计的有效性.     

Adaptive path following controller of underactuated ships using serret-frenet frame

This paper presents an adaptive path following control law to steer underactuated ships along a predefined path at a constant forward speed with uncertain parameters due to changes of added mass matrices. The proposed controller is based on analytic model predictive control and model reference adaptive control. The Serret-Frenet frame is used to describe the ship dynamics. The analytic model predictive control provides a systematic method rather than try-and-error method to get appropriate control parameters to guarantee the stability of the closed-loop system, and the well-defined relative degree is guaranteed by introducing output-redefinition. An identification algorithm based on model reference adaptive control is used to identify the uncertain parameters. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control law.     

Multiple models direct adaptive controller for a stochastic non-minimum phase system

For a stochastic non-minimum phase multivariable system, a multiple models direct adaptive controller is presented. It is composed of multiple fixed models with two adaptive models. The fixed models are used to cover the region where the system parameters jump and improve the transient response, while another two adaptive models are used to guarantee the stability. Utilizing generalized minimum variance design method, it adopts the stochastic system estimation algorithm with optimal controller design method to identify the controller parameter directly. Finally, the global convergence is given. The simulation proves the effectives of the controller proposed.     

Hierarchy-Based Adaptive Generalized Predictive Control for Aerial Grasping of a Quadrotor Manipulator

In this paper, an adaptive generalized predictive control(GPC) based on hierarchical control strategy is designed for a quadrotor with a robotic arm. For this nonlinear and coupled system, a two-layer control structure is adopted to achieve more precise trajectory tracking and keep the tracking performance after aerial grasping.The inner-layer controller is a proportional-derivative(PD) controller. The outer-layer subsystem is linearized by input-output linearization first and an adaptive generalized predictive controller is applied. The effectiveness of this approach is verified through the simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. A PD controller with feedforward control input is applied on such a system for a comparative study. Simulation results show that a better tracking performance can be achieved by the proposed strategy.     

保吸引子的鲁棒舵减横摇

为满足单舵或联动双舵结构设计舵减摇控制时的单输入要求,使控制器对海浪的扰动具有鲁棒性,针对一类受到持续扰动的系统,提出了保吸引子扰动抑制控制概念.结合反步设计方法、Barbalat引理和Lyapunov分析方法,通过求解代数Riccati方程,得到了该系统的标量自适应鲁棒控制器;将受控系统的状态抑制在一个有界的吸引子内,利用线性矩阵不等式给出吸引子最小化的判据,优化了扰动抑制控制.以渔政船1500HP在小风浪中的弱混沌横摇现象为例,用本文设计的扰动抑制控制器作为操舵力矩进行混沌横摇控制,通过数值仿真验证了保吸引子扰动抑制控制的效果.结果表明:保吸引子控制器使横摇系统的状态快速收敛,并将其抑制在预设的吸引子内,优化吸引子控制器能使吸引子进一步压缩.     

Finite-Time Attitude Tracking Control of Spacecraft with Actuator Saturation

The attitude tracking control problem of a rigid spacecraft with actuator saturation is investigated in this paper. A finite-time attitude tracking control scheme is presented by incorporating sliding mode control (SMC) and adaptive technique. Specifically, a novel time-varying sliding mode manifold is first developed that aims at regulating the attitude tracking error to equilibrium point within a certain finite time. Moreover, it can be specified a priori by the designer according to the mission requirement. Subsequently, an adaptive controller is derived by using the SMC in conjunction with adaptive technique. The designed controller is capable of ensuring that the state trajectories reach to sliding regime within a finite time, and hence that attitude tracking error can converge to zero in a finite time with the aid of the developed sliding dynamics, despite the presence of exogenous disturbances, unknown inertia properties and saturation nonlinearities. Finally, the simulation experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

船舶航向非线性系统的输出反馈鲁棒控制

考虑船舶航向控制系统模型中存在非线性，假设模型参数和外界干扰有界的情况下，首先利用Lyapunov稳定性模型，提出了一种状态反馈鲁棒控制新算法的自动舵设计，进而考虑到实际船舶上，在进行航向控制时，并不是所有船舶运动状态都是可测的，仅有航向是可测的，采用一种高增益状态观测器对状态进行重构，提出了输出反馈鲁棒控制自动舵设计，以大连海事大学远洋实习船“育龙轮”为例，进行了输出反馈鲁棒控制自动舵设计，并利用Matlab工具箱进行了仿真研究，结果证明该算法是十分有效的。     

Robust buffer management mechanism in quality of service routers

Active queue management (AQM) is essentially a router buffer management strategy supporting TCP congestion control. Since existing AQM schemes exhibit poor performance and even instability in time delay uncertain networks, a robust buffer management (RBM) mechanism is proposed to guarantee the quality of service (QoS). RBM consists of a Smith predictor and two independent controllers. The Smith predictor is used to compensate for the round trip time (RTT) delay and to restrain its negative influence on network performance. The main feedback controller and the disturbance rejection controller are designed as proportional-integral (PI) controller and proportional (P) controller by internal model control (IMC) and frequency-domain analysis respectively. By simulation experiments in Netwrok-Simulator-2 (NS2), it is demonstrated that RBM can effectively manage the buffer occupation around the target value against time delay and system disturbance. Compared with delay compensation-AQM algorithm (DC-AQM), proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithm and random exponential marking (REM) algorithm, the RBM scheme exhibits the superiority in terms of stability, responsiveness and robustness.     

基于Q参数化控制器的无刷直流电机调速系统

提出了一种新的电机调速方法,并将其应用到无刷直流电机的驱动控制中.该驱动系统的所有稳定控制器均可用一个独立的Q参数来描述,由该控制器构成的速度环不仅能消除电机脉动转矩引起的速度波动,同时对其他形式的速度干扰也能进行很好的抑制.仿真结果表明:在系统参数发生变化及存在噪声的情况下,在参考速度和负载转矩发生改变时,本文提出的控制策略都能获得鲁棒稳定性和良好的动态性能.     

基于Q参数化控制器的无刷直流电机调速系统

提出了一种新的电机调速方法,并将其应用到无刷直流电机的驱动控制中.该驱动系统的所有稳定控制器均可用一个独立的Q参数来描述,由该控制器构成的速度环不仅能消除电机脉动转矩引起的速度波动,同时对其他形式的速度干扰也能进行很好的抑制.仿真结果表明:在系统参数发生变化及存在噪声的情况下,在参考速度和负载转矩发生改变时,本文提出的控制策略都能获得鲁棒稳定性和良好的动态性能.     

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无论是经典还是现代控制理论,大多是建立在线性系统基础上,目前对非线性系统还没有比较成熟的理论.常规PID控制在对象变化时,控制器的参数不能自动修改适应.将模糊控制与PID控制相结合,利用模糊推理方法实现对PID参数的在线自整定,设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制器.在分析汽车模型的基础上,采用PID控制、模糊自适应PID控制两种方法,联合Simulink软件分别对汽车的防抱死制动系统（ABS）进行刹车运动仿真研究,极大地提高了模糊控制方法和PID控制算法的应用性能.结果表明,模糊自适应PID控制方法可以达到更好的制动效果,提高了系统的动态性能和安全性能.     

基于自适应动态面的航向跟踪控制器设计

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种鲁棒自适应控制器。由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单。所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器不仅能保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐进跟踪期望轨迹;而且,跟踪误差可以通过控制器的设计参数加以调整。以中远集装箱船COSCO Shanghai号为例进行仿真研究,结果证明所设计的控制器是有效的。