振荡来流下柔性立管涡激振动响应特性试验研究

在顶部浮体的带动下,悬链线立管的动力响应会诱发其周围产生相对来流,而这种振荡来流将激励立管悬垂段产生“间歇性”的涡激振动。文章在海洋工程水池中对不同最大约化速度URmax、KC数组合下的振荡来流作用下的柔性立管开展模型试验研究,利用光纤应变片测量模型的涡激振动响应。结合模态分析与小波变换对试验数据进行分析,讨论并总结了最大约化速度URmax以及KC数对涡激振动位移幅值响应特性的影响规律。文中进一步分析发现振荡来流下的涡激振动响应还存在“迟滞”及“高阶谐频”现象。     

基于模型试验的实尺度立管涡激振动响应预报方法研究

为了研究立管涡激振动模型试验与实尺度立管涡激振动响应之间的相互关系问题,文章从模型试验的相似理论出发,基于涡激振动预报方法的理论分析;通过对模型试验中按照相似理论换算得到的流速进行调整的方法,改变模型立管的涡激振动响应,并逼近实尺度立管的涡激振动响应.结果表明:通过调整试验流速,提高试验的雷诺数,可以使立管模型的涡激振动响应模态数、无量纲振幅RMS(A/D)响应与实尺寸立管很好地符合.针对不同的缩尺比模型,给出了立管模型试验流速与其模拟的真实流速之间的对应关系式.     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响.借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟.通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性.同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤.研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注.     

细长海洋立管涡激振动预报模型

涡激振动预报对于深水环境中的细长海洋结构物的设计至关重要.近年来出现的若干经验模型基于圆柱体受追振荡实验数据.文中介绍了细长海洋结构物涡激振动预报工具的发展,进而提出了一种基于圆柱体受迫振荡实验数据的预报模型.与现有的类似模型相比较,该模型更加直接地利用了原始模型实验数据,并且将立管的有限元模态分析并入到响应预报当中,以计及立管物理参数的不均匀特性.利用近期立管模型在阶梯状分布流以及剪切流中的涡激振动响应实验测量数据,验证了该模型的有效性.该模型的计算结果表明,立管的模态振型、模态频率与涡激振动响应高度耦合,并且对于低质量比的情况尤为明显.文中还指出了类似的基于受迫振荡圆柱体实验数据的预报模型存在的缺陷.     

深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤影响因素分析

根据我国南海、墨西哥湾和西非海域的流速沿深度方向的分布规律,利用涡激振动预报程序计算了立管在不同参数下的动力响应.在此基础上计算了立管沿长度方向涡激振动引起的疲劳损伤.分别讨论了立管顶部预张力、管内流体密度、管外流速分布、立管外径、立管壁厚等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示立管顶部预张力、管外流速分布、立管外径对疲劳损伤的影响非常明显,而管内流体密度和立管壁厚因其变化范围有限,对疲劳损伤的影响没有上述三个参数显著.     

计及海底井口影响的隔水管涡激振动响应特性试验

在靠近海底井口位置,隔水管周围流场受井口系统的影响发生变化,流固耦合下涡激振动可能诱发隔水管在横流向(CF方向)更为剧烈的振动。为了研究受管土装置影响的隔水管涡激振动响应特性,使用自主设计的管土装置模拟海底井口,采用8 m柔性立管,进行了均匀流下单管和受管土装置影响的涡激振动对比试验。试验通过FBG光纤应变片测得应变信息,使用模态叠加法、FFT变换处理分析试验数据,对比分析2组隔水管的主导频率、应变时历与幅值谱、无因次振幅以及激励力系数等参数沿管径的分布情况。结果发现管土装置影响下,隔水管主导频率减小;CF方向涡激振动增大,振幅沿径向呈非对称特征;涡激振动振幅更大,隔水管受流场的激励与阻尼更为剧烈。     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响。借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性。同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤。研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注。     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动疲劳损伤参数分析

针对钢悬链式立管的结构特性,采用了简化后的振动模型。先对立管进行了模态分析;再根据立管的模态特性结合环境水流参数,采用模态叠加法对立管进行了涡激振动疲劳损伤分析。分析过程中,通过改变流速大小、立管壁厚、立管外径、内部介质以及抑制立管涡激振动的螺旋列板长度等参数,对立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤进行了相应的参数分析。结果表明:立管疲劳损伤随水流速度的增大、立管外径的增大以及内部介质密度的降低呈现上升趋势,但是壁厚变化对立管疲劳损伤大小影响却不显著。     

非线性管土耦合条件下悬跨管道涡激振动响应时域预报

海底悬跨管道与海床耦合呈现高度非线性,使得发展一种时域预报方法成为需要.文章运用有限元法对输液张紧悬跨管道进行空间离散,并应用Facchinetti等改进的尾流振子模型和切片假定模拟每个有限单元上的涡激振动水动力,发展了一种悬跨管道-海床-流场多场耦合的非线性时域预报方法.在合理选取尾流振子模型附加水动力阻尼参数的基础上,时域预报了线性、理想塑性和张力截断弹簧模型下悬跨管道的涡激振动响应.研究结果表明,基于尾流振子的时域预报方法能够合理地描述非线性管土耦合边界下VIV响应;非线性边界条件下,锁定产生的最大响应幅值低于线性结果.     

深海顶张力立管涡激振动响应及参数影响分析

综合考虑立管顺流向及横流向的耦合运动,基于van der Pol理论建立深海顶张力立管涡激振动分析模型,采用有限单元法及Newmark-β法编程求解。利用所建模型对深海实尺寸顶张力钻井立管非锁频工况下的涡激振动响应及参数影响进行分析,结果表明：立管两向均表现为高阶、多模态振动形式,顺流向振动最大峰值频率约为横流向的2倍;相比均匀流,剪切流下立管振动位移及参与振动模态数均增加,立管振动主控模态发生变化;海流流速及顶张力的变化改变了立管振动位移、参与振动模态数及主控模态;随着立管外径增加,立管振动最大峰值频率及参与振动模态数均不断减小,立管振动位移变化较小。     

Experimental investigation on vortex-induced force of a Steel Catenary Riser under in-plane vessel motion

A method to identify vortex-induced forces and coefficients from measured strains of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) undergoing vessel motion-induced Vortex-induced Vibration (VIV) is proposed. Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equations with time-varying tension is adopted to describe the out-of-plane VIV responses. Vortex-induced forces are reconstructed via inverse analysis method, and the Forgetting Factor Least Squares (FF-LS) method is employed to identify time-varying vortex-induced force coefficients, including excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients. The method is verified via a finite element analysis procedure in commercial software Orcaflex. The time-varying excitation coefficients and added mass coefficients of an SCR undergoing vessel motion-induced VIV are investigated. Results show that vessel motion-induced VIV is excited at the middle or lower part of the SCR and in the acceleration period of in-plane velocity, where most of the excitation coefficients are positive, while during the deceleration period, the excitation coefficients becomes too small to excite VIVs. Parameter γ [1] has strong correlation with excitation coefficients. In addition, time-varying tensions contribute significantly to the variations of added mass coefficients under the condition that the ratio of dynamic top tension to pretension exceeds the range of 0.7–1.3. Moreover, chaotic behaviors are observed in vortex-induced force coefficients and are more evident with the increase of vessel motion velocity. This behavior may attribute to the randomness existing in in-plane velocity and its coupling with out-of-plane vibrations.     

Time domain approach for coupled cross-flow and in-line VIV induced fatigue damage of steel catenary riser at touchdown zone

Existing VIV prediction approaches for steel catenary riser (SCR) typically employ truncation model without considering the interaction between the SCR and soil, and only allow for cross-flow (CF) VIV. In this study, a time domain approach accounting for the SCR-soil interaction is proposed to predict the CF and in-line (IL) VIV induced fatigue damage of a SCR at touchdown zone (TDZ). The hydrodynamic force resulting from the vortex shedding is modeled using the forced oscillation test data of a rigid cylinder and an empirical damping model, which are defined as functions of the non-dimensional dominant frequency and amplitude of the SCR response. Due to the coupling effect, the IL VIV force is magnified based on the CF VIV amplitude. By combining a linear hysteretic interaction model with a trench shape model, some particular phenomena during the vertical SCR-soil interaction are captured and qualitatively discussed, while for the horizontal direction, the seabed is simplified as nonlinear spring model. Based on these models, parametric studies are conducted to broaden the understanding of the sensitivity of VIV induced fatigue damage to the seabed characteristic. The results indicate trench depth, vertical and lateral stiffness, and clay suction are significantly affect the VIV induced maximum fatigue damage at TDZ.     

细长海洋结构物涡激振动研究综述

随着世界范围内深海石油开采的需要,近年来关于海洋结构物涡激振动的研究越来越受到重视.虽然此问题在数值模拟和实验方面都已取得了一定的进展,但是还有许多问题尚待解决.同时,新型海洋结构物的引入给涡激振动的预报方法和抑振手段提出了新的挑战.因此,细长海洋结构物的涡激振动仍将是未来几年里备受关注的研究课题.本文在介绍有关涡激振动基本概念和理论背景的基础上,总结了近年来关于以深水立管为代表的海洋结构物涡激振动的研究与进展,包括对现有涡激振动分析工具的分类与评估;对柱体及海洋结构物涡激振动的实验研究;对深水立管与涡激振动相关的疲劳评估准则的研究;海洋结构物的横向、流向及轴向涡激振动的耦合作用研究;关于海洋结构物涡激振动的抑振措施和设备的理论及实验研究.本文着重介绍了计算流体力学方法在海洋结构物涡激振动研究中的应用和进展.最后,对海洋结构物涡激振动相关的研究热点的现状进行了总结并对今后工作提出了展望.     

顶张力立管涡激振动抑振装置性能比较

为降低甚至消除漩涡脱落引起的顶张力立管振动响应从而提高其疲劳寿命,设计了五种型式的涡激振动抑振装置,并在中国海洋大学物理海洋实验室对装有抑振装置的模型立管进行了实验研究.得到了模型立管在几种不同流速下顺流向和横向涡激振动应变时程曲线,同时为了对比分析也测量了没有安装抑振装置的裸管的响应曲线.对比分析了三种外流流速下抑振装置对立管涡激振动响应的影响,结果表明各种抑振装置对立管顺流向和横向涡激振动幅值和频率都有不同程度的降低,但其影响和有效性各不相同.     

三类边界条件下隔水套管涡激非线性振动的分析研究

考虑流及波流联合作用,研究了套管的涡激非线性振动.将套管简化为梁模型,考虑3类不同的边界条件,计及莫里森非线性流体动力和涡激荷载,建立套管的涡激振动方程.应用克雷洛夫函数求解套管的固有频率和模态,采用了计算涡激非线性动力响应的迦辽金方法.以东海勘探3号钻井隔水套管为例,研究了不同边界条件下流引起的主共振和波流联合引起的组合共振.计算结果表明:流对套管的动力响应占主导地位,而波的影响不大.分析了3类不同边界条件下隔水套管的涡激非线性动力响应,揭示了波流联合激励下套管复杂的动力响应特性.     

塔式立管涡激疲劳损伤敏感参数研究

针对西非海域的塔式立管,考虑沿水深变化的不同流速截面,分析塔式立管在不同参数下的涡激振动响应及疲劳损伤沿管分布,讨论立管顶部张力、管内流体密度、立管外径、立管壁厚和SHEAR7能量阈值等参数的变化对疲劳损伤的影响.结果显示,由于制造和安装误差等因素导致这些参数的改变,对结构的涡激振动疲劳损伤影响显著,应该在工程设计中引起注意.     

螺旋列板绕流流场CFD分析

隔水管是海洋钻井作业的关键设备,其安全性至关重要.涡激振动是隔水管失效的重要因素.水深小于500m时,优化隔水管系统可以避免使用涡激抑制装置,超过1000m,必须采用涡激抑制装置.螺旋列板是现场常用的涡激抑制装置.基于流体动力学方法,利用FLUENT软件求解螺旋列板三维绕流流场的控制方程,同时计算了钝体隔水管三维绕流流场,流场参数(升力系数、曳力系数、涡量等)特征进行对比分析,显示出螺旋列板在涡激抑制方面的优势.计算结果表明,虽然螺旋列板能够减小横向升力,但同时会导致流向曳力明显增加.     

复杂悬跨条件下的管线涡激振动分析(英文)

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections, but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon, if not predicted and controlled properly, will negatively affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by: long span lengths, a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed, and multi-span interactions. In addition, the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty, concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a .state-of-the-art. finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.     

LQR control on multimode vortex-induced vibration of flexible riser undergoing shear flow

Under the actions of ocean currents and/or waves, deep-sea flexible risers are often subject to vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The VIV can lead to severe fatigue and structural safety issues caused by oscillatory periodic stress and large-amplitude displacement. As flexible risers have natural modes with lower frequency and higher density, a multimode VIV is likely to occur in risers under the action of ocean currents, which is considered as shear flow. To decrease the response level of the VIV of the riser actively, a multimode control approach that uses a bending moment at the top end of the riser via an LQR optimal controller is developed in this study. The dynamic equations of a flexible riser including the control bending moment in shear flow are established both in the time and state-space domains. The LQR controllers are then designed to optimize the objective function, which indicates the minimum cost of the riser's VIV response and control input energy based on the Riccati equation of the closed-loop system under the assumption that the lift coefficient distribution is constant. Finally, the VIV responses of both the original and closed-loop systems under different flow velocities are examined through numerical simulations. The results demonstrate that the designed active control approaches can effectively reduce the riser displacement/angle by approximately 71%–89% compared with that of the original system. Further, for multimode control, the presented mode-weighted control is more effective than the mode-averaged control; the decrease in displacement is approximately 1.13 times than that of the mode-averaged control. Owing to the increase in flow velocity as more and higher-order modes are excited, the VIV response of the original system decreases slightly while the frequency response gradually increases. For the closed-loop system, the response becomes smaller and more complicated, and the efficiency of the controller becomes lower at a certain flow velocity.     

低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动预报模型

本文考查了在均匀来流中作横向振荡的圆柱体与周围流体之间的能量转移,由此建立了基于受迫振荡实验数据的弹性支撑圆柱体在均匀流中的涡激振动响应预报模型.根据此模型,分析了低质量-阻尼因子圆柱体的涡激振动响应特性.就水中圆柱体涡激振动响应特性相关的几个关键性问题进行了深入的讨论,包括响应振幅的决定因素、附加质量对锁定范围及响应频率的影响.正确理解这些问题对于深水立管涡激振动响应的有效预报至关重要.