美托洛尔对高血压病患者心率变异性的影响

探讨美托洛尔对高血压病患者心率变异性 ( Heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法　 40例高血压病患者于口服美托洛尔 ( 50～ 1 0 0 mg/d)前及 4周后分别行 2 4 h动态心电图检查 ,分析心率变异时域指标 SDNN、SDANN、SDNNI、RMSSD、PNN50的变化 ;30例正常人作为对照。结果　高血压病患者服药前 HRV各时域指标均较正常组显著下降 ;使用美托洛尔后可显著降低其血压水平 ,伴有 HRV各时域指标显著增高。结论　高血压病患者存在 HRV降低 ;β受体阻滞剂在有效降压的同时可显著改善患者的 HRV,提示该药具有改善高血压病心脏自主神经损害的有益作用     

Construction of eukaryotic recombinant vector of renalase and its expression as a eukaryotic protein

Renalase is a secreted amine oxidase that metabolizes catecholamines. It has been proposed to modulate blood pressure and heart rate and its downregulation might result in hypertension. Despite its potential relevance for human health, the biochemical characterization of renalase is still scarce. The aim of this study is to synthesize the human renalase eukaryotic protein by genetic engineering. The human renalase gene was amplified by polymerase chian reaction (PCR). After digestion by BamH I and Xho I enzymes, the DNA fragments were cloned into the transfer vector, pFastBacHTb-Fc, to generate the pFastBacHTb-renalase expression vector. The ligation products were transformed into E. coli DH10Bac to obtain recombinant transposon rBacmid-renalase. The recombinant transposon was further transferred into insect high-V cells, and the recombinant human renalase eukaryotic protein was expressed successfully.     

心率变异性、心室晚电位及QT离散度对糖尿病患者自主神经功能评定的研究

目的　对心率变异性 (HRV)、QT离散率 (QTd)及心室晚电位 (VLP) 3种方法判定自主神经功能进行比较 ,以期选择一种较为特异、可靠及敏感的方法。方法　 68例 2型糖尿病 (DM)患者分别进行 HRV、QTd及 VLP测定 ,与 33例正常人进行对比分析。结果　 DM患者正常 R-R间期的标准差 (SDNN)显著小于正常人 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,QTd显著大于正常人 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,VLP阳性率明显增高 (P <0 .0 1 )。 VLP阳性组 SDNN明显低于 VLP阴性组 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,QTd显著高于 VLP阴性组 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;同时具有 SDNN<1 0 0 ms,QTd≥ 50 ms,VLP阳性者占43.9%。结论　 3种方法相比 ,SDNN敏感性及特异性较高 ,可靠性较好 ;VL P特异性较高 ,可靠性较好 ;QTd虽然敏感性高 ,但可靠性差。建议 QTd作为粗筛指标 ,以长程 HRV列入心血管自主神经功能的常规检查 ,而将 VLP与 HRV结合起来作为判断疾病严重程度的指标并进行危险分级     

不同透析方法对移植肾功能延迟恢复的影响

目的　比较不同透析方法对肾移植后肾功延迟恢复(DGF)的影响,以期选择合适的透析方法,提高移植效果。方法　观察应用不同透析方法治疗 DGF 患者时血压、细胞因子的变化和疗效。结果　采用高容量血液滤过(HVHF)治疗过程中低血压发生率 4.85%,肾功能恢复时间(9.1±4.3)d,术后感染发生率 9.52%,均较血液透析(HD)组低[低血压发生率 7.8%,肾功能恢复时间(21.4±7.6)d,术后感染发生率 20%];腹膜透析组低血压发生率6.25%,肾功能恢复时间(15. 5±6. 7) d,术后感染发生率 37. 5%,后两项指标高于 HVHF 组; HVHF 组治疗后,TNF- α、IL- 1β和 IL- 6的水平较治疗前明显下降,而HD组治疗前后无明显差异。结论　高容量血液滤过是一种较好的治疗DGF的方法。     

比索洛尔对冠心病心率变异性和代谢的影响

为探讨比索洛尔对冠心病患者心率变异性（Ｈｅａｒｔｒａｔｅ ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ,ＨＲＶ）和代谢的影响,将６０ 例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者随机分为对照组和比索洛尔组,对ＨＲＶ各时域指标及血脂、血糖、胰岛素等代谢指标进行检测。结果表明,比索洛尔组反映交感神经张力的ＨＲＶ指标明显提高;比索洛尔对血糖、血脂及尿酸等代谢指标无明显影响。表明比索洛尔能改善ＣＨＤ患者ＨＲＶ情况,同时对代谢无影响     

自发性夜间胃碱化形成机制探讨

目的　探讨自发性夜间胃碱化的形成是否与十二指肠胃反流 (DGR)及迷走神经功能有关。方法　 2 0例功能性消化不良 (FD)患者采用胃内 pH和胆红素同步监测法 ,比较夜间自发性碱化与胆汁反流的关系 ;另外 2 0例无心血管疾病的FD患者采用胃内 pH和心电Holter同步监测 ,进行心率变异性 (HRV)时域分析 ,以SDNN、rMSSD、PNN5 0为指标 ,观察夜间自发性碱化与迷走神经功能的关系。结果　 2 0例FD患者中出现夜间自发性碱化者 1 2例 ,其中 8例 (占66.7% )同时有胆红素吸光值升高 ;2 0例无心血管疾病的FD患者中 1 3例有夜间自发性碱化 ,7例无自发性碱化 ,二者比较SDNN、rMSSD均在正常范围 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;2 4h胃 pH与PNN5 0对照观察表明 ,夜间时段与白天相比PNN5 0明显升高 ,有自发性碱波组与无自发性碱化组二者相比 ,PNN5 0无显著差别。结论　自发性夜间胃碱化的形成与DGR有关 ,并不是迷走神经张力降低导致胃酸分泌减少所致。     

The cloning and expression of renalase and the preparation of its monoclonal antibody

To obtain the recombination protein of renalase and prepare the monoclonal antibody, the human renalase gene was amplified from human kidney by specific primer and cloned the DNA fragments into the pET22b. After verification of the positive clones, the gene was transformed to E. coli BL21 to express the protein with 6His on C terminal. The Balb/c mouse was immunized with the purified protein to prepare the monoclonal antibody by hybidoma technique. The renalase protein was reconstructed and 2 strains of the hybidoma which can stable secrete renalase were obtained. The monoclonal antibody can both react with the both recombinant and human serum renalase. Foundation item: the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (2008Y034), and the Natural Scientific Research Project of Shanghai (05ZR14086)     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SPONTANEOUS NOCTURNALEPISODES OF ALKALINIZATION AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUSFUNCTION ON FD PATIENTS

Spontaneousnocturnalepisodesofalkaliniza-tionduringtheearlymorningareseenin7o%~8o%ofnormalsubjectsandfunctionaldispepsia(FD)patientswhoundergoprolongedambulatoryintragastricpHmonitoring"."-Thedurationsofalkalineshiftsarefromhalfanhourtoseveralhours,thepHelevatesto7andeven8.However,controversyexistsovertheiretiology.Someinves-tigatorshavepostulatedbutnotprovedthatthereasonisadecreaseofvagaIactivitywithasubse-quentdecreaseinacidsecretiontl'3].Heartratevariability(HRV)representsanoninvasivean…     

早期复极综合症心率变异性改变

观察了３１例早期复极综合症（ＥａｒｌｙｒｅＰｏｌａｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ，ＥＲＳ）Ａ２９例正常对照组·Ｃ率变异（Ｈｅａｒｔｒａｔｅｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ＨＲＶ）五个时域指标的改变。结果发现，ＥＲＳ组相邻正常Ｒ－Ｒ问期差值的均万根ＧｅｑｕａｒｅｒｏｏｔｄｔｈｅｍｅａｎｓｑｕａｒｅｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｄＳｕｅ－ｃｅｓｓｉｖｅＮＮｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｓ，ｒＭＳＳＤ）及相邻Ｗ常Ｒ－Ｒ问期至值大于５０ｍｓｉ６数占总Ｒ－Ｒ间期数的百分比（ＰｒｏＰｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆＮＮ　ｉｎｔｅｒｖａｌｇｒｅａｔｅｒｔｈａｎ５０ｍｓ，ＰＮＮｓ。）较对照增高，其余指标无明显差异。提示ＥＲＳ存在到交感神经活性增高。ＥＲＳ·Ｏ率变异的特征性改变对于该症的诊断及鉴别诊断具有一定意义。     

基于自然驾驶数据的螺旋匝道(桥) 驾驶人心理负荷分析

为得到驾驶人在螺旋型立交匝道路段行车时的驾驶负荷及影响因素，选取4 座山地城市螺旋型立交开展自然驾驶实验，利用车载仪器采集自然驾驶习惯条件下的驾驶人心电信号. 分析心率幅值特征、心率连续差异均方根( RMSSD )整体分布特征，以及其与匝道半径、坡度之间的关系. 结果表明，影响心理负荷的主要因素是车辆行驶环境和匝道曲率变化. 匝道的分、合流鼻端处，以及行车过程中跟车、超车和会车均会使驾驶人心理负荷增大，驾驶人行驶在上坡路段的紧张感高于下坡路段，匝道半径与RMSSD 存在较强的负相关性. 纵坡坡度与心率变异指标之间呈现两种不同的相关关系：不熟练型驾驶人随着坡度增加，RMSSD 呈线性上升的趋势；一般型和熟练型驾驶人表现为中间高两边低的趋势.     

Serum levels of RBP4 might not be determined by diabetes mellitus but by kidney function and renal replacement therapy

It has been reported that retinol-binding protein 4(RBP4) is associated to adiposity,insulin resistance,and type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,circulating RBP4 levels are also affected by renal function.The aim of the present study is to investigate whether serum levels of RBP4 are primarily associated with different stages of chronic kidney disease(CKD) or type 2 diabetes,if there is more potential relevance between RBP4 and renal replacement therapy.The serum levels of RBP4 were assessed by commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit in 212 patients with the CKD stages 1—5 and in 24 healthy controls,while its correlation with clinical and metabolic parameters was analyzed.The serum level of RBP4 had a strong correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR)(P 0.001).Stratified by e GFR and treatment,no more differences in RBP4 serum concentration were detected between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects [CKD stages 1—5,non-dialysis(ND),hemodialysis(HD) and peritoneal dialysis(PD);P 0.05 for all].The elevation of RBP4 become higher in HD than in PD and ND in CKD5 patients(P = 0.008 and P = 0.04,respectively),while there was no significant difference between PD and ND groups.Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated three independent predictors of e GFR(β =-0.676,P 0.001),C-reactive protein(CRP)(β =-0.573,P 0.001) and creatine(β = 0.509,P = 0.024) in the study population.The study results demonstrated that the serum level of RBP4 was negatively related to the e GFR,whether diabetes mellitus(DM) affected the blood concentration of RBP4 or not.And the serum level of RBP4 exhibited significant difference in different renal replacement therapies.     

不同血液净化方式透析效果及对营养状态的影响

目的探讨不同血液净化方式的透析效果及对长期血液透析患者营养状态的影响。方法将20例晚期肾病患者,随机分为2组:HD组应用标准血液透析治疗;HDF/HD组采用2次血液透析+1次血液透析滤过(HDF)。比较两组患者治疗前后血清尿素、磷、β2-MG、血浆白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)、血红蛋白(Hb)、平均动脉压、Bun及Cr的变化,以及患者对治疗的耐受性。分别计算KT/v及PCR值。结果经过血液透析滤过治疗5个月,患者精神好转、食欲增加、体力恢复、自理能力增强。HDF/HD组与HD组比较,血清磷、β2-MG、KT/v明显降低,血浆白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白和血红蛋白均明显升高;PCR值两组之间无明显差异。结论HDF治疗效果好,能明显改善患者的透析充分性和营养状态,是值得向长期维持性血透患者推荐的透析方式之一。     

二氧化碳人工气腹在安氟醚吸入麻醉中对心率变异性及脑电指标的影响

目的　探讨CO2 人工气腹在安氟醚吸入麻醉中对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者心率变异性 (heartratevariability ,HRV)及脑电 (electroencephalogram ,EEG)指标的不同影响。 方法　利用心率变异功率谱分析技术 (HRV PSA)和脑电功率谱分析技术 (EEG PSA)对 2 8例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者在麻醉前、麻醉诱导插管后及CO2 人工气腹后HRV指标LF、HF、LF HF、TP及EEG参数BIS、95 %SEF的变化进行了观察。结果　麻醉诱导插管后LF、HF、TP、BIS及95 %SEF均显著降低 ,LF HF未见明显改变 ;CO2 人工气腹后LF、LF HF、TP显著升高 ,HF、BIS及 95 %SEF未见明显改变。结论　CO2 人工气腹使交感神经活性显著升高而对大脑皮层意识活动影响不大     

慢性肾功能不全患者血清一氧化氮水平及其在血液透析中的变化

应用硝酸还原酶法检测了 31例慢性肾功不全患者及 2 6例血液透析( HD)患者血透过程中血清一氧化氮 ( s- NO)水平的变化。结果表明 :慢性肾衰患者 s-NO水平明显升高 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;合并高血压组 s- NO水平低于无高血压组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;HD过程中 s- NO浓度逐渐下降 ,HD2 h、HD4h与透析前比较差别显著 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;透析过程中血压升高与 s- NO下降有一定关系。结论 :慢性肾功衰竭患者 s-NO水平升高可能与肾功能明显减退有关 ;HD能清除硝酸盐 ,透析中 s- NO下降可能是导致透析中血压升高的原因之一。     

阻断5-HT1B受体对正常和帕金森病大鼠底丘脑核神经元活动的不同作用

目的观察体循环给予5-HT1B受体拮抗剂SB224289后,对正常大鼠和帕金森病(Parkinsons disease,PD)模型大鼠底丘脑核(subthalamic nucleus,STN)神经元电活动的影响。方法采用在体细胞外记录的方法,研究正常和PD大鼠STN神经元电活动的变化;比较阻断5-HT1B受体后两组大鼠STN神经元电活动的改变。结果①PD组大鼠STN神经元的平均放电频率[(7.87±1.37)Hz]明显高于正常组大鼠[(6.59±1.44)Hz,P<0.001]。两组大鼠STN神经元均表现为规则、不规则和暴发式放电3种形式。正常组大鼠具有规则、不规则和暴发式放电的神经元比例分别为33.33%、54.17%和12.50%;PD组分别为31.25%、35.42%和33.33%,PD组大鼠具有暴发式放电的神经元的百分比显著高于正常组(P<0.01)。②阻断5-HT1B受体后,正常大鼠STN神经元平均放电频率明显增高(P<0.01),具有暴发式放电的神经元数量显著增多(P<0.05)。而PD组大鼠阻断5-HT1B受体后STN神经元的放电频率和放电形式均无明显变化。结论 PD大鼠STN神经元呈过度兴奋状态;阻断5-HT1B受体可兴奋正常大鼠的STN神经元,而不影响PD大鼠的神经元活动。     

乙醇致家兔急性心衰模型的建立

目的探讨乙醇诱导家兔急性心力衰竭的可行性。方法家兔麻醉固定后,股动脉插管监测血压变化,颈动脉插管至左心室监测左室内压变化,皮下针形电极监测心电图;恒速颈外静脉注射乙醇(生理盐水稀释无水乙醇至250mL/L,以1.0mL/min滴入)诱导急性心力衰竭,造模后取横断心脏,常规固定,HE染色,观察心肌病理变化。结果与造模前基础值比较,乙醇造模后动脉收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、左室收缩压及左室内压上升和下降最大速率均明显下降(P<0.05),达到心衰标准;心电图可见心率减慢(P<0.05),P波时间、P-R间期、QRS及QT间期延长(P<0.05);心肌病理变化符合心衰病理表现。结论乙醇恒速静脉注射可诱导家兔急性心力衰竭模型,为急性乙醇中毒所致心力衰竭的防治提供动物模型。     

四氢巴马汀对心电图的影响

DL-四氢巴马汀,L-四氢巴马汀对大白鼠心电图(ECG)各参数有特异的影响,使心率减慢(p<0.01),使 p 波变低平,倒置,甚至消失,并延长 p-R 间期(p<0.01),Q—T 间期和 Q—Tc 间期(p<0.01)。不影响 QRS 综合波和 R波。四氢巴马汀引起心电图的改变类似于戊脉安,但不同于奎尼丁。以上实验结果进一步证实 DL-四氢巴马汀和 L-四氢巴马汀抗心律失常作用和对心电图影响的机制可能与拮抗 C_a~(2+)有关。     

心脏瓣膜替换术的应用

自1979年10月至1984年12月共为53例病人施行54个人工瓣膜替换术。其中50例二尖瓣替换,1例主动脉瓣替换,1例主动脉瓣及二尖瓣替换,1例三尖瓣替换及二尖瓣成形术。术前心功能:Ⅱ级者6例(11%),Ⅲ级者35例(66%),Ⅳ级者12例(22%)。本组术后30天内死亡2例,死亡率3.7%。随访时间3个月至62个月,晚期死亡4例,死亡率为3.3%病人年。术后心功能明显改善。本文对术前准备,心肌保护及并发症作了讨论。作者认为:人工瓣膜至今尚未达到理想程度,对瓣膜替换术的病例选择应严格掌握。     

Distribution of nitric oxide synthase, nerve growth factor receptor and interstitial cells of Cajal in hirschsprung's disease and its significance

Objective To investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and interstitial cells of Caial (ICCs) in Hirschsprung's disease (HD). Methods The distribution of NOS,NGFR and ICCs was studied by using NADPH diaphoruse histochemistry, immanohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody to human NGFR and the specific polycloual antibody against c-kit in 8 normal controls and 10 cases of HD.Results NOS and NGFR were abundantly present in the myenteric plexus and in the nerve fibers of musculature. ICCs were intensively distributed in the surface of circular musculature and around the myenteric plexus to form a network in normal control colon. In contrast, NOS and NGFR were scarce or absent in the myenteric plexus and in the nerve fibers of musculature, while the hypertrophic nerve trunks were NGFR positive, ICCs were scarcely distributed and the network was disrupted in the aganglionic colon in HD. Conclusion These findings suggest the Involvement of NOS,NGFR and ICCs in the patbophysiology of HD.     

细胞凋亡相关抗原Fas和Bcl-2在自身免疫性甲状腺病甲状腺组织中的表达

目的　研究Fas,Bcl 2抗原在Graves病 (GD)和桥本氏病 (HD)的表达 ,探讨细胞凋亡在自身免疫性甲状腺病 (AITD)发病中的作用。方法　粗针穿刺获得病人甲状腺组织标本 ,颈部手术时取正常甲状腺组织作为对照 ;采用SABC免疫组化方法原位观察Fas,Bcl 2抗原的表达。结果　两种AITD甲状腺细胞Fas抗原的表达均较正常对照增强 ,GDBcl 2抗原表达也较正常对照增强 ,HDBcl 2表达强度与正常对照无明显差异 ;GD与HD相比较 ,GD甲状腺细胞Fas,Bcl 2抗原表达均强于HD。在HD ,Fas抗原表达较Bcl 2表达明显增强 ,但在GD ,Fas抗原表达与Bcl 2表达强度无显著差异。结论　由Fas介导的细胞凋亡在HD发病中起重要作用 ,在GD ,Fas诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能被Bcl 2对抗。