Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).     

Impact of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits on the employment of Taiwanese ship officers

Nowhere else in the world are there marine transportations highly confined than across the Taiwan Straits (mainland China and Taiwan). This study strives to explore the present employment status of Taiwanese ship officers under the influence of special shipping across the Taiwan Straits, and to make sure if such an employment trend has a negative impact on the future operating mode of Taiwan shipping companies. By means of field interview and questionnaire, this study collected the employment data of ship officers from 21 leading shipping companies in Taiwan, and made a statistical analysis. The research findings show that the existing cross-strait shipping relationship, which is seriously distorted by the hostility between the governments of Taiwan and mainland China across the Taiwan Straits, has made Taiwanese shipping companies turn to flagging-out in order to enter the extensive shipping market of mainland China. This leads to a decline of job opportunities for Taiwanese ship officers. Ironically, the ship officers from mainland China pose a biggest threat to those in Taiwan in this respect. In addition, the operating modes of Taiwanese shipping companies also change gradually in tune with the increasing number of non-Taiwanese ship officers (mainly those from mainland China).     

船员自行更换备用锚方法的探讨

随着 PSC 检查的进一步严格,对锚设备的检查也越来越细致,而由于锚的缺陷换备用锚的工作也会时有发生。由于在现有的资料中,对于船员自行更换备用锚的方法没有介绍,因此,许多船员认为船上的备用锚仅仅是满足公约的要求,而不需船员自行更换。当 PSC 官员要求船方使用备用锚来替换现有的缺陷锚时,常常感到无从下手,因而引起检查人员和船公司的不满,为了避免上述情况的出现,本文提出了船员自行更换备用锚的具体方法和操作步骤。     

船舶操纵中各种制动效果的比较

船舶操纵中的制动效果是评价一艘船整体性能的一项重要指标。对于不同船型、不同吨位的船舶采用不同的制动方法,直接涉及到船舶的安全。通过船舶操纵模拟器,设定测试条件,对船舶操纵中倒车制动、Z型操纵制动、满舵旋回制动、拖锚制动、拖轮协助制动效果进行试验,得出各种制动效果的差异,比较说明各种制动效果的适用场合,以利船长、驾驶员选择适合当时环境自身条件状况的制动方法,安全的操纵船舶。     

Code of behaviour at sea: women seafarers’ shipboard identity management

The employment of women on cargo ships, particularly at officer’s level, is paid more attention in order to supplement the shortage of qualified officers. However, seafaring jobs are still overwhelmingly dominated by men, and there seems to be gender-related challenges for women in such work environment. Women seafarers in this research are those who work in the ship operational sections on cargo ships as deck officers, engineers or radio officers. A total of 36 female and 8 male seafarers from eight different countries participated in the project and shared their experiences of working on board ships. The research revealed that the occupational culture of seafaring often reflects masculine norms and values which could affect women seafarers’ behaviour and attitudes. This paper further explores how women manage such situations on board by utilising various strategies in order to avoid gender-related problems. This study identifies a typical pattern of women seafarers’ identity management and creates a model of women’s strategic shifting patterns over time.     

对一舱制船易误解的若干问题剖析

本文针对船舶驾驶员中对一舱制船存在的某些易误解问题逐一展开剖析。指出要确定一艘船舶真正的抗沉能力．还有待于船舶驾驶员通过依据特定的进水舱室、舱室实际渗透率、相对于船舶具体装载水线等条件进行船舶剩余浮性、剩余稳性和剩余强度的计算后获得。     

论船舶保安计划的实施

探讨了船舶保安计划(SSP)实施的重要性，船舶保安计划在实施中的工作重点、实施方法和可能存在的问题，并对此提出了实施建议。旨在帮助船舶保安员在新的国际规则实施后能正确处理船舶保安活动中出现的新问题，以确保船舶保安计划(SSP)在船上得到具体有效的实施。     

U型水舱在船舶中的垂向布置问题

基于“船舶－被动式U型减摇水舱”系统运动微分方程，分析了U型减摇水舱在船舶中的垂向位置对船舶横摇质量惯性矩、横摇复原系数、横摇固有频率、船舶与水舱的耦合惯性矩等系统方程参数及对船舶横摇运动和舱内液体运动的影响。结果表明，水舱垂向位置高船舶横摇中心越远，由舱内液体引起的船舶横摇质量惯性矩和横摇复原系数越大，船舶横摇固有频率则越小。而耦合惯性矩则随水舱布置高度的变化呈减小的趋势。对于各种不同类型的船舶，存在一个使舱内液体不发生振荡的奇异位置，这时水舱不产生任何的减摇效果，船舶的横摇运动与不安装水舱时相同。利用我校所研制的减摇水舱模型性能摇摆台进行了水舱模型不同垂向布置时的强迫振荡试验，试验结果与仿真结果具有很好的一致性。指出了除水舱固有频率和水舱阻尼外，水舱在船舶中的垂直方向位置也是影响水舱减摇性能和船舶减摇后的横摇运动的主要因素之一，在减摇水舱设计初期应当予以考虑。     

PSC数据中船龄与缺陷相关性的可视化挖掘

基于台湾某四港近8年来PSC工作的电子数据记录,对船舶缺陷与船龄进行关联分析,提取其间相关特征,提出一套行之有效的可视化数据挖掘方法,为提高港口国检查工作效率提供了一个科学、高效的定量方法。     

析船舶实施ISM规则中出现“不符合”项目的原因

总结了各港口国监督对船舶实施ISM检查的要点,针对检查中被经常列为“不符合”项目所造成的原因进行分析,得出具有指导意义的结论,以便国际航行船舶采取相应的措施。     

巴拿马运河吃水、吃水差控制实用计算

鉴于当今巴拿马型散货船对吃水以及吃水差控制不当而造成超吃水,导致这种船穿越巴拿马运河的事故频繁发生。本文主要分析了上述事件常见的典型错误计算,并结合生产实践介绍了几种实用而简单的船舶穿越巴拿马运河控制吃水和吃水差的计算方法,以期给船舶驾驶人员以正确的计算指导。     

基于顶层设计的港口国监督检查智能辅助系统建设构想

文中以顶层设计为指导思想,通过整合中国PSC检查信息数据库构建一套港口国监督检查智能辅助系统该系统将实现PSC检查自动选船、PSC检查专家数据库构建、现场视频语音交流、实时公约查询以及自动生成和发送PSC检查报告、港口国监督捡查员质量管理以及安检数据自动分析等功能     

影响操船能力因素的指标化

航行环境、船舶和操船者三个要素构成了船舶运航系统。航行环境由交通环境和自然环境组成。本文在阐述了影响操船能力致因后,分析了各因素对操船能力的影响,并将该影响指标化。这些定量化的指标表达了操船者的主观操船感觉,以便进一步综合评价航行环境     

国际船舶管理业最新动态

作为航运业中管理权和所有权分离的结果,专业船舶管理业和船舶管理公司已经成为国际航运业的一个重要分支。根据国际船舶管理业的最新动态,即Intermanager提出确立船舶管理业统一的KPI,分析采取这一举措的原因,并预测可能带来的影响,为我国船舶管理业的发展提供借鉴。     

Book review

According to the latest BIMCO and Drewry reports, there is a global shortage of officers for the worlds’ merchant fleet. This article focuses on the South African labour market for officers and examines some of the maritime education and training challenges facing these officers in accessing global labour markets. The paper argues that despite processes of globalisation, the nation state can still be an important actor in shaping global labour markets. Using a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 10 key informants in the maritime human resources management sectors in South Africa. Interview data was analysed and coded for themes using NVivo qualitative data analysis software (QSR International Pty Ltd., Version 10, London, UK). This was theoretically informed by Braun &; Clarke’s six-step method of thematic analysis. This was combined with a review of labour market statistics to demonstrate that the key challenges facing South African officers are the lack of training berth availability and the lack of South African ship ownership. The solutions adopted by the state includes a limited adoption of best practices adopted by global MET institutions in the United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, Taiwan and Nigeria. The article contributes to filling the gap in empirical-based maritime studies that are located on Africa.     

某船在日本接受ISPS检查过程

介绍某船在日本为接受ISPS检查所做的准备工作、检查经过以及常见的问答和缺陷,为船公司、船长及船舶保安员提供参考。     

基于空间句法的邮轮甲板空间布局设计研究

邮轮游客活动流线与甲板空间布局密切相关，但传统船舶总布置设计并未考虑人员流线的需求。论文从剖析典型邮轮船型及其甲板布局的空间上入手，引入适用的空间句法，通过控制度、整合度和可理解度等空间组构量化参数，来实现邮轮甲板空间的量化分析，运用Depthmap软件对“海洋量子”号邮轮第5层甲板空间进行分析，并对影响游客合理流线设计的总布置改进点进行了实例探讨，结果表明改进后的甲板布局方案改善了游客的活动流线，构建了邮轮甲板空间布局量化分析的新模式。     

小型渔政船线型及附体设计优化

选取某近海小型渔政船典型船型,研究艏艉线型和附体对船舶阻力性能的影响。通过对线型、船型系数以及舭龙骨、压浪板、呆木等常规附体对小型渔政船航行性能的影响进行数值模拟分析,优化船舶线型,针对小型渔政船的功能需求选取合适的附体组合形式,并通过实船运行验证优化后的渔政船航行性能有所改善,达到预期目标,可为同型船舶设计提供参考依据。     

On the time dependence of survivability of ROPAX ships

The time dependence of survivability of ROPAX vessels, when sustaining side collision damage in waves, is investigated herein by use of numerical simulations of ship motion and flooding. Conducted research confirms that ROPAX ships characteristically capsize fast, when sustaining damage leading to capsizing. A probabilistic analysis of the survive time after collision damage reveals that even for the most generic damage conditions assumed, the survival time in the case of capsizing remains short, which is characteristic of this type of ship design, disposing the typically large undivided deck to be subject to flooding in higher waves. In a case study, the unconditional survivability in waves, corresponding to survival s-factor of SOLAS regulations, is alternatively assessed with numerical simulations. The estimated survivability proves to be time independent in terms of practical implications. Observed deviations between current SOLAS formulation and simulations, suggest the employment of comprehensive simulation methods when more reliable estimations and assessments of survivability are required.     

面向船舶维护保养的分布数据同步

分布数据的同步是船舶维护保养工作中的重要内容,是船舶营运公司及时掌控船舶营运情况的重要手段。面向船舶营运公司分布数据库（船端数据库与岸端数据库）,建立了一种船舶维护保养过程中的数据同步方案,说明了现有的数据同步方案不能针对船体结构保养、格式表达扩展性差,附件不能进行传输,安全处理机制不够完善等情况,论述了在维护保养流程中,同步数据的具体流向。同时,对数据同步过程中的主要技术问题,包括基于ADO.NET的XML同步文件表达、增量同步文件处理、同步附件压缩处理、并发及死锁的安全处理等进行了说明。