激光焊接夹层甲板板格强度计算的子模型方法

提出了基于有限元软件ANSYS的激光焊接钢质夹层甲板板格结构强度计算的子模型方法。分别对考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷的I型夹层板格结构的壳单元计算模型和体单元子模型进行强度分析,并与全部体单元模型的芯层与上下面板连接处及面板中部处应力分布计算结果进行对比,验证壳单元计算模型和子模型方法用于计算夹层甲板板格强度的正确性。计算结果表明,对强度特征关注区域,可建立多个体单元子模型,确定子模型边界影响区域范围,从而可较为准确地评估夹层甲板板格结构强度特性,包括焊缝处应力分布。壳单元计算模型可获得较为精确的板格变形值,但无法考虑激光焊接焊缝缺陷,获得的焊缝处最大应力值明显偏小。     

基于热点应力的FPSO焊接结构疲劳问题研究

用热点应力方法评定焊接结构的疲劳强度问题受到了人们的极大关注.热点应力法应用的关键在于给出合适的热点应力值.本文通过有限元数值计算的对比分析,指出热点应力可以通过距离热点0.5t和1.5t的参考点应力值进行线性外推而得到.文中选取FPSO某一局部结构,采用有限元数值计算,利用热点应力方法推导结构的疲劳寿命,并和全尺度疲劳试验结果进行对比,两者符合得较好.     

船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳试验研究

本文针对船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳性能开展了试验研究。首先采用X射线对焊缝部位进行了拍照,获得了焊缝处的微观缺陷特征;然后进行板架的极限承载能力试验,得到板架的极限载荷水平;接着采用不同载荷水平进行反复载荷作用下的疲劳试验,获得了不同载荷水平下典型节点的疲劳寿命和破坏模式。试验结果表明:船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳寿命与测点应力呈双对数线性关系,即随着对数测点应力的增大,对数疲劳寿命呈线性下降趋势;而焊缝缺陷形式直接关系到节点的疲劳破坏模式与疲劳寿命。研究结果可为船用铝合金板架结构的承载能力评估与焊接工艺设计提供参考。     

DH36钢趾端焊接接头低温疲劳试验研究

常温S-N曲线无法满足极地低温环境下船海结构疲劳设计的需要,开展了-60℃条件下的船用DH36钢焊接接头低温疲劳强度试验研究。根据国标准设计DH36钢趾端焊接接头的疲劳标准试件,将试件放置在低温箱内采用热点应力方法进行疲劳热点应力测试,并与有限元计算结果进行对比分析,验证了试验测量的可靠性。试验共测量了两级应力范围水平,每级应力范围水平测量14个试件,基于测得的热点应力范围及疲劳寿命,利用单侧容限系数法得到了不同存活率下的p-S-N曲线,结果表明,低温条件下疲劳寿命符合对数正态分布,低温疲劳寿命高于常温疲劳寿命。     

焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测结构应力法

海洋工程焊接结构形式复杂且遭受随机波浪载荷作用,焊接接头多数处于多轴疲劳状态,而目前工程上主要采用基于单轴疲劳理论和试验的方法预测结构的疲劳寿命。为了提高焊接结构疲劳寿命预测的准确性,文章提出了一种评估焊接接头疲劳强度的新型结构应力法,并与临界面理论相结合,能够用于实际焊接结构的多轴疲劳寿命预测。通过对国际上已公开发表的疲劳试验数据进行有限元分析,证明了文中提出的结构应力法比传统的热点应力法具有更高的精度,以及该方法应用于焊接结构多轴疲劳寿命预测的可行性。最后,应用该方法对一个T型管节点进行了多轴疲劳寿命计算。     

不同对接焊缝布置下舰体结构的疲劳强度和极限承载分析

舰船建造中焊接结构强度对船体结构强度分析有着十分重要的意义.对两种不同对接焊缝布置下的船体结构进行疲劳强度和极限承载能力分析.利用国际焊接学会推荐的焊接结构三维块体单元建模.运用Nastran软件计算拉伸和弯曲两种主要受载形式下的结构应力分布,参考有关规范中的S-N曲线对焊接结构进行热点应力疲劳分析比较.同时运用非线性计算软件ABAQUS分析结构在轴向拉伸和弯曲载荷作用下的极限承载能力.分析表明,舰船总段合拢中采用纵骨与板同一截面的对接形式,其结构性能与传统的纵骨与板交错布置的对接形式相当.     

圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝裂纹疲劳寿命分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]旨在研究受均布压载荷的圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝结构中的疲劳寿命问题。[方法]以某水下耐压结构模型作为研究对象,构建有限元模型,使用结构应变方法获取该结构的疲劳危险点并计算该点处疲劳寿命。将计算结果与该水下耐压结构模型的试验数据进行对比,验证结构应变方法在此类结构疲劳寿命评估中的准确性。[结果]结果表明,结构应力最大部位出现在围栏焊缝靠近模型大端一侧,与试验中疲劳裂纹出现位置一致。结构应变方法计算得到的疲劳寿命与实际试验结果基本吻合,实际试验中的疲劳数据落在主e-N曲线的一条窄带上;围栏焊缝危险点处正向结构应力远大于切向结构应力。[结论]结构应变方法可以较好地解释圆锥壳大型开孔围栏焊缝结构的疲劳寿命问题,在此类载荷条件下,危险点处初始裂纹应当为一型。     

基于JTP规范大型油船疲劳热点寿命评估

基于S-N曲线法和Miner疲劳累积损伤度原理,根据国际船级社协会制订的油轮结构共同规范(JTP),采用热点应力法对某一巴拿马型成品油轮疲劳热点位置处(内底与底边舱斜板的焊接折角)的疲劳应力进行了计算,并根据JTP规范对该热点位置的疲劳寿命进行了评估。     

岸边集装箱桥式起重机撑管封板疲劳开裂分析

为探究岸边集装箱桥式起重机撑管封板受载情况和焊缝危险位置的疲劳寿命,对65 t/60 m岸边集装箱桥式起重机的典型载荷工况进行分析。计算门框上水平撑管的疲劳载荷幅值,研究撑管封板焊缝的受载情况,应用S-N曲线法计算焊缝的结构应力并分析焊缝危险位置的疲劳寿命。结果表明,最大von Mises应力出现在封板与节点板端部角焊缝的焊趾上。封板焊缝危险部位的疲劳寿命无法满足岸边集装箱桥式起重机安全服役30 a的要求。     

基于JTP规范中热点应力的油船船体疲劳强度分析

基于JTP规范的热点应力法对一艘76000吨成品油船的内底与底边舱斜板的焊接折角处进行疲劳强度分析。通过建立详细的疲劳热点位置的结构有限元模型,进行热点应力分析,并根据S-N曲线和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤原理,进行了疲劳寿命计算。其分析方法对运用热点应力法进行船体结构的疲劳强度分析具有一定的参考价值。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。