多孔基Ni-Sn合金析氢阴极的研究

用电沉积法在RaneyNi基体上制备了多孔基Ni-Sn合金电极。电化学测试结果表明,RaneyNi基Ni-Sn合金电极的催化性能要好于光镍基Ni-Sn合金电极和RaneyNi电极。计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数,解释了各种电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因,电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征。恒电流电解表明,多孔基Ni-Sn合金电极具有更高的活性和稳定性。     

电沉积Ni-S、Ni-W-S合金析氢阴极的研究

在电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极的基础上,向镀液中添加钨酸钠制备了Ni-W-S合金电极.电化学测试结果表明,Ni-W-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极的催化性能都要好于其他电极,Ni-W-S合金电极的性能随着钨酸钠浓度的升高而降低.计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数(包括Tafel斜率b、交换电流密度i0 和过电位),解释了Ni-W-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因.恒电流电解表明,Ni-W-S合金电极具有较高的稳定性.电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征,成份用能谱进行分析,通过X射线衍射分析电极的晶型结构.     

电沉积Ni-S、Ni-Co-S合金析氢阴极的研究

在电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极的基础上,向镀液中添加硫酸钴制备了Ni-Co-S合金电极。电化学测试结果表明,Ni-Co-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极的催化性能都要好于其它电极,Ni-Co-S合金电极的性能随着硫酸钴浓度的升高先升高后降低。计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数(包括Tafel斜率b、交换电流密度i0和过电位),解释了Ni-Co-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因。恒电流电解表明,Ni-Co-S合金电极具有较高的稳定性。电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征,成份用能谱进行分析,X射线衍射分析电极的晶型结构。     

多孔二氧化锰/鱼鳞衍生碳复合材料的 制备及超级电容器性能研究

利用碳化-酸洗方法将天然鱼鳞转化为多孔碳,进一步利用表面反应在碳基体上引入非晶二氧化锰,获得具有多孔结构的二氧化锰/鱼鳞衍生碳(MnO_2/FSC)复合材料.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附/脱附仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱和电化学工作站等对材料的形貌、结构、成分及电化学性能进行表征.结果表明,反应时间为1.0 h时所制备的MnO_2/FSC具有最高的比容量(181 F/g,1 A/g),且持续恒流充放电700个循环后容量基本没有衰减,表现出优异的循环稳定性.     

纳米晶Ni-Mo合金电沉积工艺

采用电沉积法制备Ni-Mo合金电极,通过测定电极在30%KOH溶液中的阴极极化曲线,研究不同沉积条件(钼盐浓度、pH值、沉积电流密度、沉积温度)对镀层析氢性能的影响,并用XRD、SEM对镀层进行了表征。结果表明:所获得的镀层为纳米晶结构,镀层表面颗粒分布均匀且具有很大的比表面积。通过正交实验确定了最佳电沉积工艺条件:钼盐浓度32 g/L,pH值8.0,沉积电流密度22 A.dm-2,温度50℃。最佳工艺条件制备出的Ni-Mo合金电极的析氢过电位仅为68 mV,比纯Ni电极降低348 mV。     

脉冲电沉积制备Ni-Mo合金析氢电极

分别采用直流电沉积法和脉冲电沉积法制备出了高催化活性的Ni-Mo合金电极。通过阴极极化曲线得到了析氢反应的动力学参数,进而比较了不同电极的析氢性能,并分别采用SEM、EDX及XRD等表征手段分析了不同电极析氢性能优劣的原因。结果表明,脉冲电沉积可以提高镀层中Mo元素的含量,且其镀层晶粒更加细小,呈现一种纳米晶态,这些都导致脉冲电沉积Ni-Mo合金电极析氢过电位比直流电沉积更低,从而显示了脉冲电沉积制备Ni-Mo合金电极有更好地应用前景。     

多孔AgO电极的研究

本文研究了在Ag粉中添加适量发孔剂,加压成型后经加热分解并化成而得到多孔AgO电极,试验结果表明添加醋酸银使AgO电极中形成了很多有效的通孔,提高了电极的孔隙率和比表面积,使活性物质利用率提高了4%~5%,提高了电池性能。     

紫外光固化法制备半互穿凝胶聚合物电解质

利用紫外光辐照制备半互穿凝胶聚合物电解质，组成中的预交联组分利用溶胶一凝胶法合成．通过红外光谱、差示扫描量热、X-射线衍射力学拉伸测试仪、扫描电镜、电化学交流阻抗谱、线性扫描伏安法等不同测试方法对不同比例下制得的半互穿凝胶聚合物电解质进行表征．其断裂强度达到6．58MPa，断裂伸长率为127．2％；且室温下离子导电率达2．34×10^-3S·cm^-1，相对于锂电极的电化学稳定窗口达＋4．6V．研究表明，此类半互穿凝胶聚合物电解质同时具有较好的力学性能和电化学性能，应用前景广泛．     

减小舰船静电场的隔离电阻估算方法

采用电隔离措施是减小舰船腐蚀静电场的重要方法之一,为了解决电隔离措施方法中根据目标电场估算出最小隔离电阻大小的关键技术问题,首先,建立船体异种金属材料之间的电化学腐蚀电路模型;其次,在点电极理论基础上,建立了绝缘船体和非绝缘船体2种条件下异种金属材料下方的电场值和腐蚀电流的关系,并得到了最小隔离电阻与电场值之间的函数表达式;最后,利用边界元仿真软件对所提方法的正确性进行检验,结果表明,所提方法能够准确预测最小隔离电阻值。     

In及In-Sn电极电还原CO2动力学参数测试

在三电极测试体系中对所制备的In及In-Sn电极分别进行了电还原CO2的动力学参数测试.通过极化曲线测试了这2种电极的电荷传递系数α及交换电流密度i0.In及In-Sn电极上电还原CO2的电荷传递系数分别为0.0695和0.0423,交换电流密度分别为0.463 A/m2和6.665 A/m2.通过交流阻抗谱测试了In及In-Sn电极电还原CO2的法拉第阻抗,分别为13.972 Ω和10.466 Ω,In-Sn电极上的表面电容大于In电极.测试结果说明了In-Sn电极的电活性要高于In电极,电极比表面积的不同可能是导致电极活性高低的重要原因.     

Wave analysis of porous geometry with linear resistance law

The wave diffraction-radiation problem of a porous geometry of arbitrary shape located in the free surface of a fluid is formulated by a set of integral equations, assuming a linear resistance law at the geometry. The linear forces, the energy relation and the mean horizontal drift force are evaluated for non-porous and porous geometries. A geometry of large porosity has an almost vanishing added mass. The exciting forces are a factor of 5–20 smaller compared to a solid geometry. In the long wave regime, the porous geometry significantly enhances both the damping and the mean drift force, where the latter grows linearly with the wavenumber. The calculated mean drift force on a porous hemisphere and a vertical truncated cylinder, relevant to the construction of fish cages, is compared to available published results.     

断阶滑行艇喷气减阻机理研究

本文通过艇底流态显示、艇体运动姿态及阻力测量，研究了滑行艇艇底喷气对流场、阻力等的影响规律。断阶稍前处喷气引起总阻力和浸湿面积的大幅减少，喷气所减少的阻力成分为摩擦阻力，喷气对剩余阻力的影响甚微。     

多孔介质中波浪传播的高阶Boussinesq方程*

准确模拟波浪在多孔介质中传播变形对于研究抛石防波堤等结构的消能作用是十分必要的。对Laplace方程、自由表面处的运动学方程和动力学方程以及海底运动学方程进行无因次化,且以自由表面处速度势为切点,进行幂级展开,最终给出4个不同的高阶Boussinesq水波方程。在常水深下对这些方程的一维问题进行了理论研究,并将无因次相速度和无因次虚波数与解析解结果进行对比,方程的相速度与解析解吻合程度较好,虚波数与解析解基本吻合,表明高阶Boussinesq方程可用于模拟波浪在多孔介质中的传播变形。     

存在底部起伏影响的近壁面处双层多孔栅栏陷波研究（英文）

Trapping of oblique surface gravity waves by dual porous barriers near a wall is studied in the presence of step type varying bottom bed that is connected on both sides by water of uniform depths. The porous barriers are assumed to be fixed at a certain distance in front of a vertical rigid wall. Using linear water wave theory and Darcy's law for flow past porous structure, the physical problem is converted into a boundary value problem. Using eigenfunction expansion in the uniform bottom bed region and modified mild-slope equation in the varying bottom bed region, the mathematical problem is handled for solution. Moreover, certain jump conditions are used to account for mass conservation at slope discontinuities in the bottom bed profile. To understand the effect of dual porous barriers in creating tranquility zone and minimum load on the sea wall, reflection coefficient, wave forces acting on the barrier and the wall, and surface wave elevation are computed and analyzed for different values of depth ratio, porous-effect parameter, incident wave angle, gap between the barriers and wall and slope length of undulated bottom. The study reveals that with moderate porosity and suitable gap between barriers and sea wall, using dual barriers an effective wave trapping system can be developed which will exert less wave force on the barriers and the rigid wall. The proposed wave trapping system is likely to be of immense help for protecting various facilities/infrastructures in coastal environment.     

具有阶梯状海底的表面穿透柔性多孔屏障结构斜波捕获（英文）

The present study deals with the oblique wave trapping by a surface-piercing flexible porous barrier near a rigid wall in the presence of step-type bottoms under the assumptions of small amplitude water waves and the structural response theory in finite water depth. The modified mild-slope equation along with suitable jump conditions and the least squares approximation method are used to handle the mathematical boundary value problem. Four types of edge conditions, i.e., clamped-moored, clamped-free,moored-free, and moored-moored, are considered to keep the barrier at a desired position of interest. The role of the flexible porous barrier is studied by analyzing the reflection coefficient, surface elevation, and wave forces on the barrier and the rigid wall. The effects of step-type bottoms, incidence angle, barrier length, structural rigidity, porosity, and mooring angle are discussed. The study reveals that in the presence of a step bottom, full reflection can be found periodically with an increase in(i) wave number and(ii) distance between the barrier and the rigid wall. Moreover, nearly zero reflection can be found with a suitable combination of wave and structural parameters, which is desirable for creating a calm region near a rigid wall in the presence of a step bottom.     

Numerical simulation with a macroscopic CFD method and experimental analysis of wave interaction with fixed porous cylinder structures

Porous structures have been widely applied in the coastal and ocean engineering due to their wave energy dissipation mechanism. The macroscopic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach where the quadratic pressure drop condition of porous surface is introduced to model the wave interaction with porous cylinders. A series of CFD simulations of waves interacting with a single porous cylinder and the combined structure of a porous cylinder with a concentric inner solid column are performed, with corresponding tank tests conducted. The CFD method is compared with experiments, linear potential model, and the quadratic BEM (boundary element method) model. The effects of porosity and porous cylinder radius on wave force and wave heights inside porous cylinder are analyzed to evaluate the performance of porous shell reducing wave loads and wave surface elevation, and the wave force variation with incident wave amplitudes are also investigated. The results demonstrate that the established CFD model is reliable for engineering analysis and thereby being of great significance for reference purpose in the CFD simulations of waves interacting with porous structures.     

发电机组水电阻负载的设计

为了满足较高功率发电机组的负载试验,通过将水电阻电极由三相空间对称的常规排列方式改进为三相交错排列方式,能减小水电阻值,增加其28.5倍的负载功率,满足更高功率发电机组的负载试验。     

Snap behaviour in the upheaval buckling of subsea pipelines under topographic step imperfection

Pipelines exposed to high temperature and high pressure with a topographic step imperfection are susceptible to the phenomenon of upheaval buckling potentially leading to a hazard for the structural integrity of the pipeline. To analyse this problem we derive analytical upheaval buckling solutions and obtain the locations of maximum displacement and maximum axial compressive stress. We also analyse the typical post-buckling behaviour and its dependence on step height, axial soil resistance and wall thickness. The difference in behaviour between a pipeline with step imperfection and one with a symmetric prop imperfection is discussed. Our results show that a pipeline with a step imperfection is more prone to upheaval buckling than a perfect pipeline. For sufficiently small step heights the pipeline may suffer a snap-back instability under decreasing thermal loading, raising the possibility of hysteretic snap behaviour under cyclic thermal loading (for instance caused by periodic start-ups and shut-downs). The snap-back buckling disappears for large enough step height and the minimum critical temperature difference decreases with increasing step height and wall thickness or with decreasing axial soil resistance. The maximum compressive stress decreases with increasing step height and axial soil resistance or with decreasing wall thickness. A pipeline with step imperfection is safer than one with a symmetric prop imperfection.     

基于CFD技术的滑行艇静水阻力计算

滑行艇作为一种高性能船舶,被广泛地应用于军事、运输、娱乐等方面,而滑行艇的阻力性能备受人们关注。本文基于CFD技术开展了滑行艇阻力计算研究,分析了时间步长与近壁面网格划分对计算精度的影响。数值计算结果表明,时间步长和近壁面网格划分的不同主要影响的是滑行艇的摩擦阻力以及艇底的气液分布情况。选择合理的参数设置可以使数值计算结果与试验较好地吻合,证明了CFD技术计算滑行艇阻力的可行性。     

双断级滑行艇阻力性能优化方法

阻力性能是双断级滑行艇水动力性能最为重要的内容之一,本文提出一种基于CFD模拟的优化方法,结合艇底斜升角、断级高度、断级总长等因素对某双断级滑行艇进行了静水阻力优化及试验验证。结果表明:CFD计算值与模型试验结果吻合度较高,各因素对艇体阻力均有较为明显的影响,断级高度和断级总长的增大一定程度地增强了双断级滑行艇的滑行效率。优化研究实现了双断级滑行艇阻力系数R/▽低于0.25的技术指标,验证了基于CFD的优化方法的可靠性。