绿化带对交通噪声衰减效果对比分析

选取福州市三环路的绿化带进行实验,主要以樟树与灌木、黄槐与灌木、刺桐与灌木、羊蹄甲与灌木绿化带作为研究对象,研究不同树种的郁闭度,在不同噪声强度下,各树种搭配衰减效果,进一步分析郁闭度与单位长度绿化带衰减效果的相关性。结果表明:刺桐与樟树绿化带郁闭度较高,黄槐次之,羊蹄甲郁闭度最低;黄槐的降噪效果最为明显,其次是樟树与刺桐,羊蹄甲的降噪效果最差,且噪声声级越高,绿化带衰减效果也越理想;郁闭度与噪声衰减值关系相关性较差,郁闭度需结合树木枝叶相关特征来分析整个树木的空间立体结构,进而建立与衰减效果之间关联。     

贵阳南环线公路岩石边坡绿化护坡技术探讨

文章以贵阳市南环线边坡绿化护坡为例,从植物选择、施工材料要求、施工工艺流程等方面介绍乔、灌、草植被砼护坡绿化关键技术。通过采用该技术可解决贵阳南环线高等级公路岩石边坡防护与植被恢复的技术难题,快速绿化岩石边坡,形成＂以绿为主,乔灌草结合,多树种、多层次结构＂的近自然生态景观,从而达到对高速公路岩石边坡进行植被恢复和坡面防护的目的。     

浅析绿化砖红性土壤边坡的苗木选择

文章以广西南友高速公路K131+050～K131+390处右侧上边坡为试验路段,进行高速公路土质边坡绿化树种的比选试验,介绍了参试树种的选择原则,分析了所采取的种植技术措施,并对各参试树种在不同试验点的适应性和生长表现进行了观察测定,筛选出适合砖红性土壤高速公路上边坡种植的树种。     

对新形势下公路施工中特殊路基处理措施探讨

在公路施工中,经常要面对各种特殊路基。不同类型的特殊地基需要采用不同的处理措施。本文首先介绍了几种特殊路基的处理措施,然后结合某公路工程实例对几类具体的处理技术工艺展开详细探讨,旨在满足新形势下对公路施工中特殊路基的处理要求,推动我国公路事业的进一步发展。     

碳中和服务区植被碳汇能力提升技术与措施研究

在双碳背景下,本文从服务区高碳汇型绿地优化配置和碳减排技术措施两个方面进行探讨分析.通过合理选择碳汇能力强的树种、乡土树种及抗性强的树种、适当增加幼龄树比例进行植物选材;通过选择自然式种植方式、打造复合式植物群落、采用适当的栽植密度来进行群落配置;另外融入立体绿化设计方法,最终实现高碳汇型绿地的配置优化.通过应用可再生能源、水资源的节约收集与利用、提供良好的土肥条件来实现绿地管养的低碳排.总结出使绿地植被碳汇能力提升的技术与措施,从而助力碳中和服务区建设目标的实现.     

某铁路专用线盐渍土路基地基处理措施探讨

盐渍土地区路基地基处理和路基病害防治措施是铁路设计、施工、运营各行业共同关注的重点问题。论文依托新疆地区某铁路专用线工程,对工程所在地区的盐渍土特性:盐胀性、溶陷性、湿陷性和毛细水作用进行了分析,并结合现场勘察和室内试验,认为工程所在区域受盐胀性、溶陷性和毛细水作用影响较强。最后结合盐渍土地区常见工程处理措施,提出工程所在区域的地基处理原则和措施,并对处理措施进行对比分析,提出工程所在区不同段落的地基处理措施。     

南京地铁十号线越江隧道主要风险及措施研究

根据南京地铁越江隧道的环境、工程及水文地质情况,分析了大断面盾构掘进过程中存在的主要风险及其后果;针对不同的风险提出了不同的预防措施,以及事故发生后的处理措施。通过这种掘进前的风险预判与处理措施的提前拟定,可以预防和减少掘进中安全质量事故的发生,同时对于后续工程也有借鉴意义。     

生物坯育苗结合客土喷播边坡生物防护技术研究

多年以来,在公路边坡绿化中应用的灌木种类始终较少,多数理想的乡土植物难以通过客土喷播方式在公路边坡进行建植。而这些速生植物往往非乡土植物,极易造成生态危害。在以时间换空间理念的指导下,通过开展生物坯育苗结合客土喷播边坡生物防护技术研究,克服部分优良乡土灌木植物难以应用客土喷播工艺进行公路边坡生物防护的难题,探索实现公路边坡生物防护更加生态和自然的植被建植新技术。     

地铁矿山法隧道施工过程中的接口处理

针对地铁矿山法隧道中不同的接口，详细介绍了它们各自的特点，并对这些接口处理形式进行了分析、归纳和总结；提出了处理几种接口时行之有效的措施。     

中国北方坡面灌木建植方法研究

坡面生态修复成败的关键在于能否在坡面建植出稳定的植物群落,而坡面植物群落稳定性很大程度又取决于灌木的生长情况,因此灌木的建植方法将决定坡面生态修复工作的成败。文章对我国北方坡面灌木建植方法进行分类梳理,并结合工程经验分析各种坡面灌木建植方法的优缺点,力求为坡面生态修复工程实践提供有益的工程参照和技术指导。     

Experimental investigation of evaporation rate and exhaust emissions of diesel engine fuelled with cotton seed methyl ester and its blend with petro-diesel

An experimental study to measure the evaporation rates, engine performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed biodiesel (cotton seed oil methyl ester) and its blends in different volumetric proportions with diesel is presented. The thermo-physical properties of all the fuel blends have been measured and presented. Evaporation rates of neat cotton seed biodiesel, neat diesel and their bends have been measured under slow convective environment of air flowing with a constant temperature. Evaporation constants have been determined by using the droplet regression rate data. The neat fuels and fuel blends have been utilized in a test engine with different load conditions to evaluate the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of the fuels. The specific fuel consumption values of the two blends, viz. B25 and B75 are found to be same. At the highest load, B0 records the lowest CO volume followed by B100. From the observed evaporation, performance and emissions characteristics, it is suggested that a blend of B50 and B75 can be optimally used in standard diesel engine settings.     

海底隧道注浆材料耐腐蚀性能研究及工程应用北大核心CSCD

海水具有较强的腐蚀性,极容易通过围岩薄弱区域侵蚀破坏隧道衬砌结构,为保证支护结构的耐久性,文章以普通硅酸盐水泥为基材,通过调节减水剂、速凝剂和高分子聚合物的掺量来设计耐腐蚀注浆材料的配合比,并对不同配合比注浆材料进行了耐腐蚀指标测试和现场注浆效果检验。室内试验结果表明,该注浆材料试块(水灰比为0.65~1.0)在海水浸泡360 d的强度腐蚀系数大于0.80,体积稳定性良好;为加快侵蚀速度,将试块浸泡在饱和MgSO;溶液中,注浆材料试块(水灰比为0.65)浸泡360 d的强度腐蚀系数大于0.80,体积稳定性仍良好。通过现场注浆试验对结石体强度进行测试,测试结果表明,在饱和MgSO4溶液中浸泡180 d的浆液结石体的点荷载强度均值为0.931 kN,比未浸泡试块的强度均值0.984 kN减少了5.5%,进一步验证了注浆材料的耐腐蚀性能。     

Driver's braking behavior approaching pedestrian crossings: a parametric duration model of the speed reduction times

The driver's braking behavior while approaching zebra crossings under different safety measures (curb extensions, parking restrictions, and advance yield markings) and without treatment (baseline condition) was examined. The speed reduction time was the variable used to describe the driver's behavior. Forty‐two drivers drove a driving simulator on an urban scenario in which the baseline condition and the safety measures were implemented. The speed reduction time was modeled with a parametric duration model to compare the effects on driver's braking behavior of vehicle dynamic variables and different countermeasures. The parametric accelerated failure time duration model with a Weibull distribution identified that the vehicle dynamic variables and only the countermeasure curb extensions affected, in a statistically significant way, the driver's speed reduction time in response to a pedestrian crossing. This result shows that the driver, because of the improved visibility of the pedestrian allowed by the curb extensions, was able to receive a clear information and better to adapt his approaching speed to yield to the pedestrian, avoiding abrupt maneuvers. This also means a reduction of likelihood of rear‐end collision due to less aggressive braking. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost

Social equity is increasingly incorporated as a long-term objective into urban transportation plans. Researchers use accessibility measures to assess equity issues, such as determining the amount of jobs reachable by marginalized groups within a defined travel time threshold and compare these measures across socioeconomic categories. However, allocating public transit resources in an equitable manner is not only related to travel time, but also related to the out-of-pocket cost of transit, which can represent a major barrier to accessibility for many disadvantaged groups. Therefore, this research proposes a set of new accessibility measures that incorporates both travel time and transit fares. It then applies those measures to determine whether people residing in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods in Montreal, Canada experience the same levels of transit accessibility as those living in other neighborhoods. Results are presented in terms of regional accessibility and trends by social indicator decile. Travel time accessibility measures estimate a higher number of jobs that can be reached compared to combined travel time and cost measures. However, the degree and impact of these measures varies across the social deciles. Compared to other groups in the region, residents of socially disadvantaged areas have more equitable accessibility to jobs using transit; this is reflected in smaller decreases in accessibility when fare costs are included. Generating new measures of accessibility combining travel time and transit fares provides more accurate measures that can be easily communicated by transportation planners and engineers to policy makers and the public since it translates accessibility measures to a dollar value.     

Choice of parking: Stated preference approach

Over recent years, parking policy has become a key element of transport policy in many countries. Parking policy measures can affect many different dimensions of travel behaviour but are likely to be most significant in terms of travellers' choice of parking type and location. This dimension of travel choice has, to date, received comparatively little attention, yet is of vital importance if we are to properly understand and predict the effects of parking policy measures.This paper presents two studies addressing this issue carried out in the United Kingdom and Germany. Both studies used a stated preference approach in order to collect disaggregate data on travellers responses to changes in parking attributes and used these data to build simple logit models of parking type choice. The studies were designed in order to allow comparable choice models to be estimated from the two datasets. The results obtained strongly indicate the need to separately identify the costs associated with different components of the parking activity (e.g., general in-vehicle time, parking search time, egress time) and also point to the existence of significant differences in the relative valuation of these components across different journey purposes. Where possible, the results of the choice modelling exercises are also compared with existing revealed and stated preference results and are found to be generally in line with prior expectations.     

县级国、省道公路沥青路面维修施工工艺

根据公路沥青路面病害的性质进行了分类,并对不同的病害分类有针对性的提出了处理方法,为保证处理方法的有效性和实用性进一步提出了质量控制措施。     

埋地钢管的土壤腐蚀速率计算及防腐措施

埋地钢管发生泄漏的主要原因为土壤侧的腐蚀.埋地钢管土壤侧的腐蚀主要影响因素包括土壤性质、操作温度、涂层效力、阴极保护和杂散电流.依据API581,综合讨论上述因素的影响因子,并结合相关算例分析了阴极保护对土壤腐蚀速率的影响程度.针对土壤侧的腐蚀,提出了涂层防护和阴极保护的防腐措施.根据土壤腐蚀速率预测出埋地钢管的剩余使用寿命,从而合理安排检验检测时间,保障埋地钢管的安全运行.     

南宁外环公路膨胀土堑坡土质特性及防护措施

文章以南宁外环高速公路的膨胀土(岩)路堑边坡为对象,基于边坡破坏的原因及特点,开展了膨胀土(岩)边坡的土性试验,并针对边坡的不同特点,提出了坡脚矮挡土墙+浆砌片石骨架+铺两布一膜、土工格栅柔性支护、土工格室柔性支护等多种不同土工材料的边坡支护处治方案。工程实施表明所采取的方案措施能经济有效地解决南宁外环高速公路的膨胀土路堑边坡问题。     

Using non-real-time Automatic Vehicle Location data to improve bus services

Although real-time Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data is being utilised successfully in the UK, little notice has been given to the benefits of historical (non-real-time) AVL data. This paper illustrates how historical AVL data can be used to identify segments of a bus route which would benefit most from bus priority measures and to improve scheduling by highlighting locations at which the greatest deviation from schedule occurs. A new methodology which uses historical AVL data and on-bus passenger counts to calculate the passenger arrival rate at stops along a bus route has been used to estimate annual patronage and the speed of buses as they move between stops. Estimating the patronage at stops using AVL data is more cost-effective than conventional methods (such as surveys at stops which require much more manpower) but retains the benefits of accuracy and stop-specific estimates of annual patronage. The passenger arrival rate can then be used to calculate how long buses spend at stops. If the time buses spend at stops is removed from the total time it takes the bus to traverse a link, the remaining amount of time can be assumed to be the time the bus spends moving and hence the moving speed of the bus can be obtained. It was found that estimation of patronage and the speed of buses as they move between stops using AVL data produced results which were comparable with those obtained by other methods. However the main point to note is that this new method of estimating patronage has the potential to provide a larger and superior data set than is otherwise available, at very low cost.