悬链线构件的有限元方法

悬链线构件在船舶与海洋工程中是广泛存在的一种结构,无论是船舶码头旁靠、锚泊定位中的系泊线,还是各种系泊结构物中各种深海悬链线结构(如深海柔性立管、深海锚泊系统、复合材料悬链线立管等)的系泊力响应,对整个结构物都显得非常重要。其中,由于悬链线构件具有很强的几何非线性,其受力分析的精度对其运动响应的分析尤为重要。根据悬链线构件静力分析,得到悬链线单元的柔度矩阵,从而进一步推导出悬链线单元的刚度矩阵和单元节点力向量,最后以商业有限元软件ABAQUS的用户自定义单元(UEL)为工具,开发出悬链线单元。结果显示:运用此单元得到的简单悬链线结构的数值解与解析解完全一致,同时也基本符合实验结果,为解决各种复杂悬链线构件问题的直接计算法提供了一种新的思路。

     

钢悬链线立管整体干涉分析研究

深水海洋立管具有柔性,特别是极端海况条件下,相邻立管之间可能发生互相干涉而增大立管的应力,从而影响其疲劳寿命.钢悬链线立管相比顶张力立管,有效张力较小,对环境载荷作用更加敏感,更容易发生碰撞.基于动力学分析软件OrcaFlex建立有限元模型,从允许碰撞的角度出发,对串列布置于张力腿平台上的两根钢悬链线立管进行整体碰撞分析,研究立管间距、尾流模型、拖曳力系数、海流流速和柔性接头刚度对立管碰撞的影响,阐述对碰撞范围、上下游立管相对运动速度、最大碰撞速度和最大碰撞能量的影响规律,为实际工程中立管的空间布置和结构优化设计提供参考.     

深水钢悬链线立管非线性动力分析

钢悬链线立管是近年来国内外发展起来的一种新型深水立管系统,由于成本低、对浮体运动有较大适应性,且耐高温高压环境而受到广泛关注。本文主要对钢悬链线立管的运动进行了时域模拟,采用三维集中质量法建立了深海立管模型,考虑重力、浮力、流体拖曳力、张力、惯性力、剪切、弯曲刚度及海床作用的影响。分别用Newton-Raphson和Newmark-β数值方法求解立管的静态、动态特性。主要分析了钢悬链线立管的构型、张力、剪力和弯矩特性,分析了系缆在顶端不同幅值不同频率激励下疲劳特征点的有效张力变化趋势,对比分析了剪切、弯曲刚度对钢悬链立管顶端张力产生的影响。     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响。借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟。通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性。同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤。研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注。     

平台运动下悬链线立管涡激振动响应特性分析

悬链线立管会在半潜平台运动带动下出现涡激振动现象,对立管疲劳寿命造成影响.借助海工结构物动力分析软件Orcaflex建立立管模型,使用Iwan-Blevins尾流振子模型进行数值模拟.通过与试验结果对比验证了该方法的可行性.同时建立实尺度悬链线立管模型,并考虑背景海流的影响,分析平台垂荡、纵荡运动下的立管涡激振动响应和疲劳损伤.研究表明,平台运动产生的非定常流场将引起悬链线立管发生涡激振动现象,并在背景洋流激励的基础上增大疲劳损伤,在立管结构实际工程设计时应予以关注.     

深水钢悬链立管安装设计分析

钢悬链立管在墨西哥海域、西非等地深海油气田开发中,得到了广泛的应用。基于钢悬链立管的S型铺设,将钢悬链立管的整个安装过程分成三个不同阶段:立管铺设阶段、立管提升阶段以及立管移管阶段。结合实际深水工程案例,应用Orcaflex对钢悬链立管整个安装过程做动态分析,校核钢悬链立管在整个安装过程中的强度。     

振荡流下悬链线式立管涡激振动特性研究

本文应用改进的尾流振子模型对振荡流下悬链线式立管的涡激振动特性进行了研究。首先基于向量式有限元建立了悬链线式立管振动控制方程,利用独立性原理和改进的尾流振子模型模拟时变的涡激升力,然后采用中央差分法求解立管的涡激振动响应。利用相应的试验结果验证了本文模型的有效性。最后,对振荡流下悬链线式立管涡激振动响应特性进行了分析。研究结果表明：振荡流下悬链线式立管响应幅值出现“振幅调制”现象,大KC(Keulegan-Carpenter)数下,进一步出现典型的“间歇涡激振动”现象;KC数对质点振动相图形状以及流固能量传递有显著影响;振荡流下立管响应峰值随流速呈“多峰”现象,KC=20时多峰现象更为明显;在小KC数范围内,较小的KC数会激励立管产生较大的涡激振动位移。     

缓波形钢悬链立管时域动力与疲劳分析

为研究缓波形钢悬链立管相对于简单钢悬链立管在运动、强度及疲劳等性能方面的变化,并充分考虑与其强度及疲劳特性有关的影响因素,以进一步提升其工作的安全性,基于悬链线法和集中质量法对缓波形钢悬链立管进行静力、动力分析,利用S-N曲线法对其进行疲劳分析,将缓波形钢悬链立管动态运动计算结果、强度及疲劳特性与简单钢悬链立管进行对比,探讨总结了不同立管设计参数对其运动特性的影响规律。     

深水缓波型刚性立管的设计方法

缓波型刚性悬链线立管由于其良好的力学性能和较低的成本,适用于深水油气田开发。本文详述了缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计准则和设计流程,给出了分布式浮块的设计方法和等效原则,推导了等效水动力参数的计算公式。通过静力分析,得到了不同浮块的布置位置和浮力系数对立管形态、顶端张力、弯矩分布的影响;通过动力分析,得到了沿管等效应力响应的分布规律,为缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计提供了有益的参考。     

深水SCR立管触地区域管土作用研究进展(英文)

钢悬链线立管作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用,总结了有关深水钢悬链线立管触地区域管土相互作用的研究进展,主要包括STRIDE和CAluSIMA工业合作计划的研究数据和其他的相关论文,能够为国内深水钢悬链线立管的研究提供参考.     

舰船总体设计中的多学科优化技术

MDO（多学科优化设计）技术适用于解决复杂工程系统和子系统的设计优化。为推广多学科优化设计技术在舰船总体设计中的应用,阐述了多学科优化技术的基本理论、研究和发展应用情况,系统介绍了协同优化算法的应用环境、特征和基本原理,将舰船总体设计根据MDO的要求分解为浮态与稳性、水动力性能、造价等5个子学科并进行了学科分析,基于多目标协同优化算法建立了舰船总体优化的数学模型及优化框架。     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动疲劳损伤参数分析

针对钢悬链式立管的结构特性,采用了简化后的振动模型。先对立管进行了模态分析;再根据立管的模态特性结合环境水流参数,采用模态叠加法对立管进行了涡激振动疲劳损伤分析。分析过程中,通过改变流速大小、立管壁厚、立管外径、内部介质以及抑制立管涡激振动的螺旋列板长度等参数,对立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤进行了相应的参数分析。结果表明:立管疲劳损伤随水流速度的增大、立管外径的增大以及内部介质密度的降低呈现上升趋势,但是壁厚变化对立管疲劳损伤大小影响却不显著。     

Extreme response based reliability analysis of composite risers for applications in deepwater

As current oil reserves start to deplete, companies are looking to exploit deeper deposits. At these greater depths composite risers, with their high strength-to-weight ratio, reduce the effective tensions and bending moments compared to steel risers. However, there is still limited research into their behaviour, with one key missing element being a comparison with traditional riser designs which accounts for variances in material properties and wave loads. This paper therefore conducts a strength-based reliability analysis of composite catenary risers operating between 1,500 m and 4,000 m. A static global catenary model is combined with Classical Laminate Theory to determine the extreme response and its performance is verified against FEA. This response is evaluated with the Tsai-Wu failure criterion to determine first-ply failure. The effect of laminate moisture absorption on the long-term reliability of submerged composite-based risers is also investigated as it can cause a significant reduction in the strength of composite risers. The reliability analysis is conducted using the Monte Carlo Method, revealing that the composite risers perform well at 4000 m. The degradation in performance from moisture absorption becomes increasingly important at greater depths and needs further investigation for these applications.     

考虑内流和海床作用的柔性立管和钢悬链线立管非线性分析(英文)

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.     

深水管中管钢悬链线立管的非线性动力分析

立管技术是深水资源开发的关键技术之一。管中管钢悬链线立管具有同心的外管与内管，其外管提供机械保护，内管提供油气通道，内、外管之间按照一定的距离安装扶正器以保护绝热材料，在深水油气开发中具有较大的应用价值。充分考虑在位立管承受的复杂载荷条件泡括动边界、波浪与海流载荷、立管自重、海水浮力、管内外静压力），以及整体和局部非线性因素（包括摩擦、滑移、接触、间隙等），采用时域有限元软件ABAQUS实现管中管钢悬链线立管的建模与非线性动力分析。     

大型舰艇多学科设计优化船体结构子系统设计方法

多学科设计优化(MDO)是解决复杂系统工程问题的有效手段。通过对大型舰艇多学科设计优化船体结构子系统设计方法进行研究,将船体结构设计分为船体横剖面结构布置方案自动生成、船体横剖面结构方案优选、船体结构重量估算3个步骤;根据总体方案提供的主尺度、横剖面外形轮廓和分层分舱等信息,依据骨材(桁材)均匀布置和余量控制的原则,生成船体横剖面结构布置方案,并提出一套参考母型船设计,确定设计船构件尺寸初值的方法;在船体横剖面结构方案优选过程中,采用调用代理模型代替板架有限元仿真模型的方法来减少结构分析的计算时间,并采用组合法获得重量最轻的设计方案。     

水下压缩空气储能系统柔性立管响应特性分析（英文）

With the rapid development of marine renewable energy technologies, the demand to mitigate the fluctuation of variable generators with energy storage technologies continues to increase. Offshore compressed air energy storage(OCAES) is a novel flexible-scale energy storage technology that is suitable for marine renewable energy storage in coastal cities, islands, offshore platforms, and offshore renewable energy farms. For deep-water applications, a marine riser is necessary for connecting floating platforms and subsea systems. Thus, the response characteristics of marine risers are of great importance for the stability and safety of the entire OCAES system. In this study, numerical models of two kinds of flexible risers, namely, catenary riser and lazy wave riser, are established in OrcaFlex software. The static and dynamic characteristics of the catenary and the lazy wave risers are analyzed under different environment conditions and internal pressure levels. A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters affecting the lazy wave riser is also conducted. Results show that the structure of the lazy wave riser is more complex than the catenary riser; nevertheless, the former presents better response performance.     

Optimization of mooring systems in the context of an integrated design methodology

This work describes an enhanced mooring optimization procedure, oriented towards recent floating production systems (FPS) for oil & gas exploitation in ultra-deep-water scenarios, which may present a large number of risers in an asymmetric layout. Acknowledging that the risers are the key component of an FPS, the optimization procedure is associated to an integrated mooring-riser design methodology; thus, instead of simply minimizing the platform offsets and/or the costs of the mooring system itself, one of the main objectives is to obtain a mooring configuration that ensures the integrity of the risers. Other highlights of the optimization procedure include the following aspects: Enhancements in the modeling of the optimization problem (including the definition of design variables, objective function and constraints that are relevant for such actual applications); The use of the PSO optimization algorithm associated to the ε-constrained method to efficiently handle the constraints; Enhancements in the evaluation of candidate solutions, by full nonlinear time-domain dynamic Finite Element simulations with coupled models; and the implementation in a parallel computing environment to deal with the high associated computational costs. A case study considering an FPS representative of actual applications in deepwater scenarios is presented to illustrate the practical application of the optimization tool.