桁材开孔腹板的线性屈曲强度分析

船体在总纵弯曲时甲板纵桁和船底纵桁承受较大的轴向压力,而在桁材腹板上开孔会影响其腹板的屈曲强度.针对这一问题,应用有限元屈曲特征值分析方法对受轴向压力开孔腹板的屈曲载荷进行计算.通过对计算结果的分析,对开孔尺寸和开孔位置对腹板屈曲强度影响的规律进行了归纳,并对腰圆孔和圆孔对腹板屈曲的影响程度做出了比较,对船体结构中腹板开孔尺寸及位置提出了一些建议.     

冲击波和破片联合作用下I型夹层板毁伤仿真

基于非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA,通过在TNT炸药底部布置预制破片模拟战斗部爆炸产生的冲击波与破片联合作用载荷,计算3种TNT炸药当量下I型夹层板的毁伤响应,分析冲击波单独作用及冲击波与破片联合作用下I型夹层板失效模式的差异,研究夹层板芯层配置以及上、下面板厚度配置对其失效模式的影响,并与等效实体板的抗毁伤性能进行对比。同时,从吸能的角度分析不同载荷工况下I型夹层板的吸能特性。数值仿真结果表明:在冲击波与破片联合作用下,结构的毁伤程度远大于冲击波单独作用时;当载荷强度较小时,I型夹层板的抗毁伤性能优于等效实体板;载荷强度、载荷类型(冲击波单独作用或冲击波与破片联合作用)及上、下面板厚度配置对I型夹层板的失效模式有较大影响;从吸能特性来看,在冲击波单独作用下,上面板和芯层是主要的吸能构件,而在冲击波与破片联合作用下,上面板和下面板是主要的吸能构件。     

爆炸载荷下固支矩形板的大挠度塑性动力响应

从矩形板的小挠度运动方程出发,通过引入膜力因子,给出四边固支矩形板在大挠度变形情况下的运动方程,分析矩形板大挠度塑性动力响应,并根据运动方程导出在矩形脉冲载荷作用下四边固支矩形板的运动微分方程,求解矩形板的最大残余变形计算式。同时,通过假设的应变率效应系数选取方法,解决大挠度加载情况下材料屈服应力的增加问题。使用有限元仿真手段验证了带有移行铰线的变形机构,对已有的实验样本和补充的有限元模型进行计算,并将计算出的理论结果与已有实验结果和有限元结果进行了比对,吻合较好。     

Strength of ship plates under combined loading

Strength of ship plates plays a significant role in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structures. In recent years several authors have proposed simplified analytical methods to calculate the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. The majority of these investigations deal with plates subjected to longitudinal compression only. For real ship structural plating, the most general loading case is a combination of longitudinal stress, transverse stress, shear stress and lateral pressure. In this paper, the simplified analytical method is generalized to deal with such combined load cases. The obtained results indicate that the simplified analytical method is able to determine the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with imperfections in the form of welding-induced residual stresses and geometric deflections subjected to combined loads. Comparisons with experimental results show that the procedure has sufficient accuracy for practical applications in design.     

平板在组合载荷作用下的极限强度预报的一种简化解析法

船体平板强度在船舶结构极限强度分析中起到十分重要的作用。最近几年，一些作者提出了计算平板极限强度的一种简化解析方法。但绝大部分的研究只考虑了平板纵向受压这一种简单载荷的情况。在我们成功地解决了三向组合载荷(纵、横压缩和垂向均布压力)的基础上，在本文中，我们又进一步将此方法推广到包含面内剪力在内的所有组合载荷分量均存在的一般情况。通过与一些规范公式的比较表明，本文所推导的公式是可以比较精确地预报平板在一般组合载荷作用下的极限强度。这一工作一方面可以为规范中的一些经验公式提供理论依据，另一方面也许可以提供比经验公式更好的外插能力。为了简化使用本文的方法，本文也在大量参数系列计算的基础上给出了一个回归的经验公式。     

Blast loaded plates

Plates form one of the basic elements of structures. Land-based structures may be subjected to air blast loads during combat environment or terrorist attack, while marine structures may be subjected to either air blast by the attack of a missile above the water surface or an underwater explosion by the attack of a torpedo or a mine or a depth charge and an aircraft structure may be subjected to an in-flight attack by on-board explosive devices. Furthermore, gas explosion occurs in offshore installations and industries. This review focuses on the phenomenological evolution of blast damage of plates.     

壳单元和实体单元模拟爆炸荷载作用钢板动力响应的差异性比较

以舰船舱室钢板为研究对象,利用动力分析有限元程序Ls-dyan,分别采用壳单元和实体单元2种建模方式对爆炸荷载作用下钢板的动力响应进行数值模拟研究.对比钢板的应力分布云图、中线上各点最大位移曲线图,发现2种方法计算结果与试验值大致吻合,采用壳单元建模在保证计算结果准确性的前提下可以大大提高计算效率.如何正确地选择单元进行分析是数值模拟很重要的一个环节,通过对壳单元和实体单元计算结果的初步对比,为舰船舱室数值模拟研究如何选取单元提供参考.     

Plastic deformation of ship plate subjected to repeated patch loads at different locations - Elastoplastic numerical analysis and design equation

Ship structures may be subjected to repeated random patch loads at different locations. Under these circumstances, ship plates will have large accumulated permanent deformations, which will result in some serious negative effects on their work and safety performance. Therefore, the elasto-plastic response of ship structure under repeated patch loads at different locations are studied by using finite element method. The permanent deformations of plate in the whole loading and unloading process are investigated. In addition, the residual stress and plastic strain states of the panel and stiffeners are studied based on a typical wheel-on-deck interaction scenario. Moreover, according to Hughes's hypothesis, the equivalent method between repeated patch loads at different locations and full uniform pressure load is studied. Considered the influence of plate slenderness, the improved formula for equivalent load coefficient is proposed, showing a good correlation with experimental data and numerical results. The proposed equivalent method can be used for estimating the permanent deformations of ship structures under repeated patch loads at different locations in ship life.     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

Vibrations of imperfect ship plating

This paper deals with vibration analysis of plates in marine structures. It is the main purpose of the paper to demonstrate that in order to obtain reliable frequency predictions it is necessary to include in the vibration analysis the effects of the unavoidable imperfections caused by welding or lateral fluid pressure. Furthermore, practical procedures for including these effects are presented. Simple algebraic expressions are derived for determination of small amplitude natural frequencies of vibration of initially imperfect rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane loads. The theoretical results show close agreement with experimental results available in the literature. For plating of marine structures with typical welding induced geometric imperfections and residual stresses it is shown that the lowest natural frequency of the unloaded imperfect plate can be twice as high as that of the perfect plate. For vibration analyses of plates submerged in a liquid the importance of taking into account deflections and membrane stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure is demonstrated.     

面内流固冲击载荷下加筋板的动力响应

船舶在恶劣的海况下航行时,船舶结构遭到剧烈的波浪砰击作用,这种冲击载荷可能使船体结构发生屈曲而造成舰船结构总体承载能力的丧失,导致灾难性的后果。加筋板结构作为船舶结构的基本结构之一,研究其动力特性显得尤为重要。基于离散加筋板模型,对具有弹性约束边界的初缺陷矩形加筋板在面内流固冲击载荷下的动力响应问题进行了理论研究。取样条函数作为挠度试函数,运用加权残值法求得初缺陷加筋板动力响应的控制方程,采用四阶Runge—Kutta法求解该方程,并用Fortran语言编制了相应的计算程序。构造的B样条函数能适应板侧边上的任意弹性转动约束,讨论了初始几何缺陷、冲击载荷持续时间、加强筋及弹性约束的影响。结果表明,它们是影响加筋板动力特性的重要因素。适当增加弹性约束,减小初始几何缺陷及冲击载荷持续时间有利于提高加筋板的承载能力。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动研究

该文从理论上研究了受面内拉压载荷作用下裂纹板的振动问题。考虑各种参数,比如裂纹的长度、边界条件、载荷等对基频的影响。其结果与有限元进行了对比分析,得出频率随面内拉力的增大而增大,但随面内压力的增大而减小;此外,裂纹的尺寸与边界条件对频率的影响在文中也进行了详细的分析。     

均匀受压含裂纹损伤加筋板的极限承载能力分析

在均匀受压下,针对含损伤裂纹缺陷的加筋板的承载力学特性进行研究,探讨了裂纹参数对其承载能力的影响。通过改变加筋板上裂纹的位置和裂纹尺寸,利用非线性有限元分析软件Abaqus对其进行系列非线性仿真分析,得到含损伤裂纹加筋板的破坏力学特性以及破坏模式。结果表明,损伤裂纹会削弱加筋板架的承载能力,并且当裂纹尺寸超过某临界值时,板架的极限承载力会急剧减小。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

高速船复合材料层合板非线性动力响应分析

研究高速船复合材料层合板在冲击载荷作用下的非线性动力响应,其中位移和应力函数均用级数展开,应用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值求解,讨论了载荷形式对非对称复合材料层合板动力响应的影响。     

典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性

[目的]为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟.[方法]主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作...     

交变载荷下厚板对接焊残余应力的松弛行为

对于承受交变载荷的焊接构件,焊接残余应力的存在对于结构的疲劳寿命影响巨大。由于焊接残余应力形成机理的复杂性,当交变载荷作用时,焊接残余应力的松弛演变具有不确定性,导致该领域的研究难度相当大。迄今为止,鲜有文献就交变载荷下的厚板焊接残余应力松弛行为进行深入报道。采用低周疲劳试验,利用X射线残余应力测试仪,对试件表面焊接残余应力的松弛演变行为进行追踪研究,通过在试件表面近焊缝区布置网状测点,采集测点的横向及纵向焊接残余应力进行数据拟合,在试验对比修正的基础上,最终建立焊接残余应力的松弛演变模型。结果表明：在交变载荷作用下,焊接残余应力会发生松弛,并且,应力松弛量的大小与交变载荷的特征值大小紧密相关。

     

舱内爆炸冲击载荷特性实验研究

  目的  为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟。  方法  主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作用下的毁伤特性,并分析上述载荷作用下加筋板的变形特点。  结果  结果表明：当作用在加筋板上的冲量相等、载荷作用时间小于0.05倍垂向一阶自振周期时,加筋板的最终挠度值处于最大值附近;当载荷峰值相同时,存在饱和冲量值,达到饱和冲量值以后,载荷作用时间不再影响加筋板的最终变形。  结论  在舱内爆炸载荷作用下,加筋板的最终变形不是2种载荷作用下的简单叠加,2种载荷的联合作用会增强毁伤效果。     

A general scaled model design method of stiffened plate subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure considering the ultimate strength and collapse modes

A general and efficient scaled method for stiffened plates subjected to combined longitudinal compression and lateral pressure is proposed based on slenderness, simply by adjusting the number of stiffeners. The design method makes it easier to determine the dimensions of the scaled model for a given scale ratio compared with the previously proposed method. The emphasis is on the influence of the plate slenderness, the column slenderness, and the non-dimensional parameter of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength. By maintaining the consistency of the plate slenderness and column slenderness, the proposed method is applicable for designing scaled models with materials of different yield stresses and Young's moduli. A similar effect of the lateral pressure on the ultimate strength of the prototype and scaled models is achieved by maintaining the non-dimensional parameter. In addition, the applicability of the scaled method to the initial deflection is considered, which provides a reference for similar models. The similitude of the scaled method is verified for several typical buckling modes, including the beam–column, tripping, web and overall collapse modes. Given the numerical results, the proposed general and fast scaled method can provide reasonable dimensions of scaled stiffened plates subjected to combined loads.