桥区航道整治工程对大型船队过桥影响的数值分析*

针对武汉长江大桥4#桥孔枯水期航行环境比较复杂的状况,航道主管部门拟对航道进行整治工程。武汉长江大桥是一个斜交桥梁,斜交桥梁的实际可通航净宽计算有其特殊之处。根据对拟建武桥航道整治工程后的桥区水流数值模拟,并将水流数值模拟结果应用于桥区通航孔实际可通航净宽的计算中。综合考虑武汉长江大桥所处的航道条件及大桥桥墩的方位尺度,结合桥区紊流宽度水槽试验结果,对桥区通航孔实际可通航净宽进行了计算。将计算结果与GB 50139—2004《内河通航标准》中对大型船队通过单孔单向通航桥梁所需净宽的规定比较,桥区通航水流条件及实际可通航净宽满足代表船型的安全航行需求。     

船舶操纵模拟器在内河桥梁通航安全管理中的应用

文中阐述了内河桥梁水域通航模拟的实验内容及目的,并列举了广东省某内河特大桥船舶操纵模拟为例来说明船舶操纵模拟器在内河桥梁通航安全管理中的应用。     

桥梁浮式防撞设施的研究

近年来随着航道等级的提升,设计通航船舶尺度增大,要求的通航净空尺度增加,桥区通航水域条件发生显著变化,桥梁存在船撞风险,需实施防撞设施工程对存在风险的桥梁进行防撞保护,因此,针对桥墩防撞设施的研究就显的尤为重要。本文提出桥梁浮式防撞设施,并采用有限元数值模拟技术研究其防撞效果,研究表明其具备较好的防撞效果,满足"大撞可防"的防撞性能要求。     

九圩港铁路桥对通航与引排水影响的数值计算与分析

采用二维水动力数值模拟,计算桥梁修建前后的水流条件的变化,分析其对九圩港河道通航和引、排水的影响。计算结果表明：桥梁建设没有恶化通航水流条件,并满足通航净高要求,但在水位较低时无法满足通航净宽要求;桥梁建设引起的近岸流速的增大可能对近岸产生不利冲刷。采取疏浚清淤平顺岸线的改善措施以及护岸加固可以减小桥梁建设可能引起的不利风险。     

数值模拟技术在桥梁桥墩布置及跨度选择中的应用

桥区河段水沙条件复杂,桥梁桥墩布置和桥梁跨度的选择会对主航槽演变、通航条件以及项目总投资造成一定的影响。利用数值模拟技术深入分析建桥前后桥区河段水流条件,找出经济、合理的桥墩布置和桥梁跨度。分析表明：1）桥墩布置时应尽可能满足河床与航道变迁,不形成碍航和通航控制河段。2）桥梁跨度净宽应满足通航净宽和船舶通过能力等的要求。     

基于桥区水流数值模拟的桥墩对通航影响分析

建桥后桥墩会干扰桥区水流的流动,进而对桥区通航产生不利影响。为了保证桥区通航安全,有必要了解建桥前后桥区水流的变化情况。数值模拟方法是桥梁设计阶段分析建桥前后桥区水流变化及其对通航影响的一种有效方法。以长江河口地区为例,通过桥区水流数值模拟分析建桥对通航的影响。首先建立了长江河口段的江阴至青龙港(北支)、杨林(南支)河段的二维有限元水动力数学模型,并用实测的潮位和流速资料对模型进行了验证;随后以苏通大桥为例建立桥墩模型进行数值模拟,从建桥前后流速和流向的变化两方面分析了建桥对通航的影响,并计算了通航影响宽度。算例结果表明所采用的数值模拟方法及其软件具有工程实用性,可用于分析建桥对通航的影响。     

深水海域非通航孔桥梁防撞数值模拟

结合深水海域桥梁的防撞研究特点,依据桥区环境特点及非通航孔的防撞要求,有针对性地提出适合深水海域桥梁的防撞方案,考虑采用小水线面浮式拦截系泊体系来保护大桥的非通航孔桥墩。该防撞体系具有更好的耐波性和对恶劣海况的适应性,采用数值模拟计算与物理模型试验相结合的方法分析深水海域桥梁的防撞问题,分析体系的环境适应性,并研究该体系在船舶撞击下的有效性。通过比较分析发现,数值模拟计算结果与物理模型试验数据基本吻合,可确保深水海域桥梁非通航孔防撞方案设计的可行性,为在实际工程中应用提供技术储备。     

广州市鱼珠～长洲岛过江通道工程通航尺度及技术要求论证研究

本次论证研究通过广泛调查工程所在区域的河床、航道、港口、航运、水文、泥沙、船型以及与本专题相关的大型船舶工业企业情况,实测工程河段的航道地形、航迹线和流迹线,结合二维数值模拟研究,论证比较各线位方案对通航的影响,从通航角度对隧道方案与桥梁方案进行优劣对比,并提出过江隧道的设置埋深、桥梁方案的通航净空尺度以及通航技术要求,为广州市鱼珠～长洲岛过江通道工程设计、审批和建设提供技术参考依据。     

复杂桥区的桥跨方案及通航孔布置方案分析

由于大桥选址、通航环境的限制,使桥梁在通航孔跨径的选择及桥跨布置方面存在较大的困难,本文在满足同等标准、规范的前提下,结合工程河段的实际情况,通过采取航迹线观测、数模和船舶操纵模拟试验研究等方法,提出了合理可行的桥梁桥跨方案及通航孔布置方案,解决了复杂桥区的通航安全问题,可为同类桥梁的建设过程参考。     

岛礁海域桥区航道规划及通航净空尺度的确定方法

舟山群岛海域具有通航岔道及通航船型多、航线交叉、潮流流态及通航条件复杂等特点,建设桥梁所需的航道及通航净空尺度确定方法有其独特性。以鱼山大桥为例,在充分分析船舶通航数据的基础上,结合桥梁、周边围垦工程实施后的数学模型计算潮流场数据,经多方案比选和航线优化,并采用船舶模拟试验验证,确定桥梁通航等级和桥区航道规划方案,得出合理的通航净空尺度和通航孔布置方案,为桥梁设计提供重要的技术支持。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。