轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术研究现状

轮毂电机作为未来电动汽车驱动系统的发展方向,具有广阔的应用前景,轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成设计和协同控制为电动汽车制动系统亟待解决的关键技术之一。文章探讨了电动汽车轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术研究的必要性,分析了国内外轮毂电机技术以及轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术的研究现状。同时,总结了轮毂电机技术在电动汽车上的一些具体应用、轮毂电机与摩擦制动的集成设计结构、轮毂电机与摩擦制动的协同控制策略,提出了轮毂电机与摩擦制动集成技术所存在的一些问题及其发展趋势。     

转向节式轮毂电机壳体的结构优化与设计

轮毂电机因其具有传动结构简单,传动效率高等特点广泛应用于新能源汽车中。针对轮毂电机簧下质量增加的难题,开展了对轮毂电机壳体轻量化设计的研究。本文通过对传统轮毂电机与转向节进行受力分析,以一种新的壳体集成方式去解决在有限的轮内空间内增加轮毂电机的尺寸,并在此基础上通过Hypermesh仿真软件对模型进行轻量化设计,优化了壳体的应力分布、消除了部分结构的应力集中现象、整体质量减轻49.29%,优化效果明显。     

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“轮毂电机”技术 编辑你好,听说通用汽车公司开发出一种新的“轮毂电机”技术,能否介绍一下该技术。(刘枫) “轮毂电机”可以直接安装在汽车的车轮之上,它能为汽车提供瞬时的扭力,同时大大提高动力效率。以通用汽车“轮毂电机”试验车——雪佛兰S-10四缸混合动力皮卡车为例:在其     

未来电驱动主力——轮毂电机驱动技术简介

发展概述轮毂电机技术又称车轮内装电机技术,其最大特点就是将动力、传动和制动装置都整合到轮毂内,因此将电动车辆的机械部分大大简化。轮毂电机技术并非新生事物,早在1900年,保时捷就首先制造出了前轮装备轮毂电机的电动汽车。在20世纪70年代,这一技术在矿山运输车等领域得到应用。而对于乘用车所用的轮毂电机,日系厂商对于此项技术研发开展较早,目前处于领先地位,     

基于MATLAB的轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的平顺性研究

轮毂电机驱动技术是一种比较新颖的应用到电动汽车的驱动方式,作为新型能源汽车的一种,轮毂电机驱动车辆具有零尾气排放、传动结构简单高效、动力输出可控等诸多优点。但因轮毂电机的存在导致非簧载质量增加且电机激振力明显,导致电动车的舒适性差,操纵稳定性恶化。文章运用1/4电动车模型,应用频域分析法和时域分析法通过仿真分析振动系统在非簧载质量增加和电机运转时转矩波动引起的垂向激振力对车辆平顺性的影响。     

浅述电动汽车轮毂驱动电机构造与常见车型故障检修

<正>一、概述与传统燃油车依靠发动机燃烧汽油产生动力不同,新能源汽车动力来源是驱动电机,其动力系统已由最初的中央集中驱动电机逐渐过渡到轮边电机,直到现在最常用的第三代轮毂驱动电机。第三代轮毂驱动电机又称车轮内装电机技术,其整合动力、传动、     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车电动轮影响研究

为了分析轮毂电机驱动电动汽车簧下质量变大导致的垂向振动负效应问题,根据自主研发可以四轮独立驱动的轮毂电机电动汽车,建立集中电机和轮毂电机驱动汽车的1/4动力学模型,在相同路面输入下,对汽车平顺性评价指标进行对比分析,说明轮毂电机驱动下电动轮结构对车辆垂向性能的影响。研究结果证明,轮毂电机驱动汽车的车身垂向加速度和轮胎动载荷都有所增加,这种变化将对车辆的行驶平顺性造成一定程度的恶化。     

轮毂电机产业化风险与投资策略研究

通过介绍轮毂电机的结构、优势和发展历程,提出轮毂电机产业化存在的技术、资本、市场、环境等风险因素,并提出了未来发展建议,为今后我国轮毂电机的产业化提供参考。     

轮毂电机系统及其驱动技术分析

针对轮毂电机系统的研究进展及轮毂电机系统特点进行了综合分析,并在剖析轮毂电机驱动系统结构型式对整车性能的积极和消极影响的基础上,总结出轮毂电机系统设计开发的关键技术问题。     

微型四轮独立驱动电动汽车减震器结构设计

基于四轮独立轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的结构和发展需求,提出一种自供能智能减振器的设计,分析了四轮独立轮毂电机驱动电动汽车的车身受力特点及减震器设计要求,给出了该智能减震器整体设计方案。     

分布式驱动电动汽车回馈制动失效的液压补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车各驱动轮转速和转矩可以单独精确控制,便于实现整车动力学控制和制动能量回馈,从而提升车辆的主动安全性和行驶经济性。但车辆在回馈制动过程中,一旦1台电机突发故障,其他电机产生的制动力矩将对整车形成附加横摆力矩,从而造成车辆失稳,此时虽可通过截断异侧对应电机制动力矩输出来保证行驶方向,但会使车辆制动力大幅衰减或丧失,同样不利于行车安全。为了解决此问题,提出并验证一种基于电动助力液压制动系统的制动压力补偿控制方法,力图有效保证整车制动安全性。以轮毂电机驱动汽车为例,首先建立了整车动力学模型以及轮毂电机模型,通过仿真验证了回馈制动失效的整车失稳特性以及电机转矩截断控制的不足;然后,建立了电动助力液压制动系统模型,并通过原理样机的台架试验验证了模型的准确性;接着,基于滑模控制算法设计了制动压力补偿控制器,并在单侧电机再生制动失效后的转矩截断控制基础上完成了液压制动补偿控制效果仿真验证;最后,通过实车试验证明了所提控制方法的有效性和实用性。研究结果表明：在分布式驱动电动汽车单侧电机再生制动失效工况下,通过异侧电机转矩截断控制和制动系统的液压主动补偿,能够使车辆快速恢复稳定行驶并满足制动强度需求。     

Cooperative control of the motor and the electric booster brake to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle

A cooperative control algorithm for an in-wheel motor and an electric booster brake is proposed to improve the stability of an in-wheel electric vehicle. The in-wheel system was modeled by dividing it into motor and mechanical parts, and the electric booster brake was modeled through tests. In addition, the response characteristics of the in-wheel system and the electric booster brake were compared through a frequency response analysis. In the cooperative control, the road friction coefficient was estimated using the wheel speed, motor torque, and braking torque of each wheel, and the torque limit of the wheel to the road was determined using the estimated road friction coefficient. Based on the estimated road friction coefficient and torque limit, a cooperative algorithm to control the motor and the electric booster brake was proposed to improve the stability of the in-wheel electric vehicle. The performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm was evaluated through a hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS). Furthermore, to verify the performance of the proposed cooperative control algorithm, a test environment was constructed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS) hydraulic module hardware, and the performance of the cooperative control algorithm was compared with that of the ABS by means of a HILS test.     

Fault-tolerant braking control with integerated EMBs and regenerative in-wheel motors

This paper presents a fault-tolerant brake torque controller for four-wheel-distributed braking systems with in-wheel motors and Electro-Mechanical Brakes (EMB). Mechanical and electrical faults can degrade the performance of the EMB actuators and, thus, their effects need to be compensated in vehicle dynamics level. In this study, the faults are identified as performance degradation and expressed by the gains of each actuator. Assuming the brake force distribution and the regenerative braking ratios, the over-actuated braking system is simplified into a two-input system. A sliding mode controller is designed to track the driver’s braking and steering commands, even if there exist faults in EMBs. In addition, adaptive schemes are constructed to achieve the fault-tolerant control in braking. The proposed controller and strategies are verified in the EMB HILS (Hardware-in-loop-simulation) unit for various conditions.     

Vehicle Dynamic Control for In-Wheel Electric Vehicles Via Temperature Consideration of Braking Systems

?Vehicle dynamic control (VDC) systems play an important role with regard to vehicle stability and safety when turning. VDC systems prevent vehicles from spinning or slipping when cornering sharply by controlling vehicle yaw moment, which is generated by braking forces. Thus, it is important to control braking forces depending on the driving conditions of the vehicle. The required yaw moment to stabilize a vehicle is calculated through optimal control and a combination of braking forces used to generate the calculated yaw moment. However, braking forces can change due to frictional coefficients being affected by variations in temperature. This can cause vehicles to experience stability problems due an improper yaw moment being applied to the vehicle. In this paper, a brake temperature estimator based on the finite different method (FDM) was proposed with a friction coefficient estimator in order to solve this problem. The developed braking characteristic estimation model was used to develop a VDC cooperative control algorithm using hydraulic braking and the regenerative braking of an in-wheel motor. Performance simulations of the developed cooperative control algorithm were performed through cosimulation with MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim. From the simulation results, it was verified that vehicle stability was ensured despite any changes in the braking characteristics due to brake temperatures.     

一种制动试验台制动力检测系统的标定方法

FZD-9010B制动试验台为滚筒反力式制动试验台,是目前用于车辆制动性能检测的常规设备。基于虚拟仪器的FZD-9010B制动试验台检测系统可以实现制动力的动态、实时检测并可得制动过程的制动力曲线。针对于制动力检测系统的标定问题,笔者阐述一种有效的标定方法,通过设计一个杠杆机构,并借助标准砝码来实现的。该方法具有结构简单、有效、易于操作和实施的特点。     

多轴分布式电驱动车辆电液复合制动控制研究

针对多轴分布式电机驱动车辆电液复合制动中易出现的车辆制动抖动问题,提出了一种建压阶段电机制动力修正策略和一种基于前馈-反馈的协调控制策略,分别在建压阶段和其他阶段通过协调复合制动力来解决制动抖动的问题。针对防抱死控制系统与电机制动系统共同作用时的制动矛盾,提出了一种基于PID 控制的ABS控制策略,主要通过改变电机制动力来解决制动矛盾的问题。通过TruckSim、Matlab/Simulink及AMESim联合仿真验证,制动冲击度在建压阶段下降了 20.66%,在电机退出阶段下降了 92.59%,驾驶感觉得到明显改善。而 ABS控制策略也可在保证理想滑移率的同时完成制动能量回收;结合整车制动试验,表明协调控制策略在保证制动效果良好的同时实现了制动能量回收,效果显著。     

Co-operative control for regenerative braking and friction braking to increase energy recovery without wheel lock

This paper presents a regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm to increase energy recovery without wheel lock. Considering the magnitude of the braking force available between the tire and road surface, the control algorithm was designed for the regenerative braking force at the front wheel and friction braking force at the rear wheel to be increased following the friction coefficient line. The performance of the proposed regenerative braking co-operative control algorithm was evaluated by the hardware in the loop simulation (HILS) with an electronic wedge brake on its front wheels and an electronic mechanical brake on its rear wheels. The HILS results showed that a proper braking force on the front and rear wheels on a low μ road prevented the lock of the front wheels that was connected to the motor, and maintained the regenerative braking and increased energy recovery.     

Improvement of drivability and fuel economy with a hybrid antiskid braking system in hybrid electric vehicles

When braking on wet roads, Antilock Braking System (ABS) control can be triggered because the available brake torque is not sufficient. When the ABS system is active, for a hybrid electric vehicle, the regenerative brake is switched off to safeguard the normal ABS function. When the ABS control is terminated, it would be favorable to reactivate the regenerative brake. However, recurring cycles from ABS to motor regenerative braking could occur. This condition is felt to be unpleasant by the driver and has adverse effects on driving stability. In this paper, a novel hybrid antiskid braking system using fuzzy logic is proposed for a hybrid electric vehicle that has a regenerative braking system operatively connected to an electric traction motor and a separate hydraulic braking system. This control strategy and the method for coordination between regenerative and hydraulic braking are developed. The motor regenerative braking controller is designed. Control of regenerative and hydraulic braking force distribution is investigated. The simulation and experimental results show that vehicle braking performance and fuel economy can be improved and the proposed control strategy and method are effective and robust.     

制动性能测试在受损车辆司法鉴定中的适应性研究

针对整车制动性能完成对车载制动检测系统的集成,实时检测、采集、分析各传感器输入的制动踏板力、制动减速度、管路压力等制动性能参数,分别完成常规制动试验、制动失效试验、静态及动态制动踏板感觉试验,并完成对4类工况的制动性能分析对比;对受损车辆制动性能的司法鉴定进行考核评价,并完成制动性能测试在受损车辆司法鉴定中的适应性研究。     

一种新能源汽车电动轮道路模拟仿真系统

通过对电动轮模块的原理及特性分析,以电动轮模块为研究对象,研发一款基于LabVIEW虚拟平台的电动轮模块专用测试系统。系统以转速、转矩、惯量、垂直载荷等为控制对象,对电动轮模块在路面的真实运动情况进行仿真,获取其动力性、制动性、可靠性、耐久性等参数,并通过电动轮及电机等相关标准进行验证。基于电动轮仿真参数,研发人员可加快设计及优化电动轮模块的控制算法。