流固耦合作用下的注水管路流激振动噪声数值模拟

大压差工况下,船舶内部液舱自流注水时管路振动噪声问题突出。采用有限体积法离散大涡模拟的流体控制方程,计算分析典型工况下注水系统管内流场。考虑管内液体对管道结构振动的影响,计算注水管路的“湿模态”。以管路壁面流体压力脉动作为激励源,基于有限元法对流固耦合作用下管道结构的振动和流激振动辐射噪声进行数值模拟。对阀门上下游不同监测点的流激振动噪声频谱进行分析,探究管路流激振动噪声产生、传播和衰减规律。分析结果表明:注水系统管道结构流激振动噪声沿管道传播基本无衰减;流激振动噪声频带较宽,主频率为80 Hz;管道结构的流激振动噪声整体幅值较大,需要采取增加弹性管卡等措施进行治理。     

海洋油气开发中的多相流技术

系统阐述了海洋油气开发中经常遇到的多相流动问题,如确定油藏量和油藏的分布与变化规律的多相渗流问题,油井中产液的变质量多相流问题,油井和立管的竖直与倾斜管多相流问题,油气水在管线中的水力与热力规律问题,输送管道系统提升泵和增压泵的性能、分离器的效率,混相流量的计量等问题.文中还介绍了中国科学院力学研究所在油气水多相增压、多相计量、多相分离、稠油除砂、倾斜井多相流态等方面的研究工作.重点阐述了集离心、膨胀、重力分离原理为一体的新型油气水高效分离器的性能和特点,以及用γ射线硬场层析成像方式来实现油气水混相流量测量方案.     

基于BEM的通海阀流噪声与流激振动噪声数值模拟对比研究

通海阀在船舶海水系统中应用广泛,高压差条件下通海阀振动噪声问题突出。在大压差工况下,对某船海水系统通海阀内部流动进行分析。考虑海水对管道振动的影响,计算通海阀的结构"湿模态"。基于流场和模态数值计算结果,采用声学边界元法对该通海阀流噪声和流激振动噪声分别进行数值计算。将流激振动辐射噪声数值计算结果与流噪声数值计算结果对比,结果表明通海阀结构振动产生的辐射噪声较流噪声小100 d B以上,即流激振动噪声完全湮没在流噪声中,对该系统通海阀噪声进行治理时应该优先考虑流噪声。     

剪切流作用下立管涡激响应的研究

为研究剪切流作用下立管的涡激振动问题,文章建立了三维立管的涡激动力响应方程,顺流方向的力通过Morison方程求解;横向涡激力采用改进的尾流阵子模型求解,考虑了附加质量的变化;轴向力的计算考虑平台升沉运动的影响。采用有限单元法离散控制方程,离散后的方程采用Newmark-β法在时域求解。在此基础上,研究了剪切流作用下立管的多模态涡激振动响应,讨论了剪切参数对立管涡激动力响应的影响,并比较了均匀流和剪切流条件下立管不同的响应特征。结果表明,剪切参数对立管的涡激响应动力响应有很大的影响,剪切流条件下立管呈现的多模态响应极为复杂,与均匀来流条件下的振幅和频率响应特点明显不同。     

来流角度对方柱流致振动的影响

方形结构由于存在几何棱角,在来流作用下会发生复杂的振动响应,是流致振动能量收集的理想结构。本文针对方柱流致振动开展数值模拟研究,分析不同来流角度下柱体的流致振动类型,揭示截面几何特征、来流角度对柱体振动响应、流体力及相位变化、尾流结构的影响。研究结果表明,来流角度是影响方柱振动响应和振动模式的重要因素,当来流角度为0°时,方柱会产生驰振响应,尾流结构发生斜向偏移且周期内漩涡脱落丰富,导致柱体呈低频高幅振动;来流角度在15°≤θ≤30°时,方柱产生涡激振动与驰振耦合的振动响应,来流角度为45°时,方柱发生涡激振动响应;从能量俘获角度,控制来流角度使方柱发生驰振响应,从而实现大范围流速下的海洋能量汲取。     

L型输流弯管自由模态分析

给出了直管在轴向和横向振动的传递矩阵,给出弯曲管道离散模型的节点传递矩阵,推导了在直管与弯管过渡区域的无因次化矩阵.分别计算了末端自由和固定2种边界条件下的输流弯曲管道模态,并与有限元方法计算结果相比较.结果表明,传递矩阵法能有效计算输流管道系统模态,同时流固耦合作用对输流管路模态影响较大,计算时不容忽视.     

流固耦合作用下的注水管路流激振动噪声数值模拟

大压差工况下,船舶内部液舱自流注水时管路振动噪声问题突出。采用有限体积法离散大涡模拟的流体控制方程,计算分析典型工况下注水系统管内流场。考虑管内液体对管道结构振动的影响,计算注水管路的"湿模态"。以管路壁面流体压力脉动作为激励源,基于有限元法对流固耦合作用下管道结构的振动和流激振动辐射噪声进行数值模拟。对阀门上下游不同监测点的流激振动噪声频谱进行分析,探究管路流激振动噪声产生、传播和衰减规律。分析结果表明:注水系统管道结构流激振动噪声沿管道传播基本无衰减;流激振动噪声频带较宽,主频率为80 Hz;管道结构的流激振动噪声整体幅值较大,需要采取增加弹性管卡等措施进行治理。     

深水M型跨接管涡激振动疲劳损伤评估

针对涡激振动引发深水M型跨接管发生疲劳损伤的问题,考虑到M型跨接管非平直管道,弯管的引入对跨接管疲劳评估带来较大的困难,以南海某跨接管为例,通过ABAQUS软件进行跨接管模态分析,形成SHEAR7软件的模态输入文件,对跨接管分区使用SHEAR7软件分析跨接管的顺流涡激振动和横流涡激振动疲劳损伤.     

海底悬跨管道在内流影响下的动力响应研究

海底管道是海洋油气工程的重要组成部分.如何保障海底管道的安全是设计和研究人员十分关心的问题之一.本文结合工程实际情况,应用有限元数值模型的耦合计算探讨了内流对海底悬跨管道动力响应的影响.针对水平输油悬跨管道,采用三维弹性动力学方程模拟管道,内部流体采用层流模型.通过在流固边界上反复迭代,进行管道及其内部流体系统的三维流固全耦合计算,得到管流耦合系统的固有频率,并与其它频率计算方法的计算结果进行了比较.同时对冲击载荷和波浪载荷作用下,不同流速内流对海底管道动力响应的影响进行了计算和比较分析.     

船用滑油冷却器运行性能分析及流致振动研究

为研究船用滑油冷却器流致振动和微振磨损问题,清晰滑油冷却器易发生振动破损的薄弱部位。建立滑油冷却器壳侧及管侧的三维计算模型,采用流固耦合计算方法计算滑油冷却器壳侧滑油和管侧冷却水的耦合压力场、耦合流速场及耦合温度场,获得压力、流速、温度等关键运行参数的分布规律,基于管壳式换热器流致振动的诱发机理,揭示与流致振动密切相关的壳侧流体流动能量分布规律。由于滑油横向冲刷换热管束,促使壳侧流体掺混剧烈,导致壳侧流体压力场和速度场剧烈脉动,温度场不均匀分布,壳侧对流传热系数呈先降低再快速升高变化规律。根据滑油流动能量分布图谱,判定滑油冷却器进、出口区域的换热管束承受流致振动破损较为严重,其中进口区域换热管承受流致振动破损最严重。     

一种具有双重功能的海底挖沟机

水下管道维修前，需要对海床进行基础开挖使管道裸露出来，并在维修点周围形成一定范围的工作面，因此须要使用水下管道维修基础开挖的专用设备——海底挖沟机。在新管线敷设过程中，也需要先对海底实施挖掘开沟，然后进行管道埋设。介绍了一种海底挖沟机，特别是关于一种既能进行海底管道维修基础开挖，又能进行海底管道开沟埋设的具有双重功能的海底挖沟机。     

Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

钢带软管内压和弯曲研究

复合材料管已成为管道发展的热点和趋势。文中对钢带软管在同时受到内压和弯曲组合载荷作用下的力学性能进行了研究。基于建立的钢带软管的环向和径向力学平衡方程,提出了不同弯曲半径下该种类型管道的爆破压力理论计算方法。文中还进行了有限元数值模拟,并与理论计算结果对比分析,分析结果表明文中提出的爆破压力计算方法可作为此类管在同时受到内压及弯曲组合载荷作用下的通用算法,为解决此类工程问题提供重要参考。     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

Efficient methods to mitigate SCR-induced walking of short subsea flowlines

Steel catenary riser is a long-established option for subsea projects in deep-water regions. Sustained pulling force of steel catenary risers on subsea flowlines in combination with cyclic thermal load throughout the system lifetime may lead to progressive global axial displacement of subsea pipelines which has been termed as ‘walking’. One of the challenges in the deep-water industry is long-term walking of subsea flowlines in a cumulative manner. Common practice methods for walking mitigation are quite expensive operations. State-of-the-art mitigation strategies are proposed in the paper by means of modifying pipe pieces before the installation operation. Bowed pipe pieces and miter joints are two recommended approaches for walking mitigation. The presented mitigation strategies are relatively cost-effective solutions for the pipe-walking challenge and they are able to considerably cease the potential cyclic walking. Comprehensive FE analyses in ABAQUS software are performed to evaluate the proposed deformed pipelines response subject to two loading conditions. Through-life integrity of the suggested pre-deformed pipeline is assessed in terms of effective axial force, local buckles and excessive axial strains. A comparison of the presented method with conventional techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed configuration. The proposed methods can significantly reduce effective axial force throughout the subsea pipeline by means of artificially introduced deformations. The cumulative walking of the presented method is practically zero. In addition, the influence of combined triggering mechanisms to the walking phenomenon is assessed when the pipeline is located on a sloping seabed and it is subject to non-uniform thermal loads. A parametric study is performed to improve confidence in design and provide a reasonably practical technique with an optimal shape.     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

水下管道连接器设计研究及应用

随着全球海洋石油天然气开发从浅水走向深水,由于潜水员下潜深度有限,海底油气管道的连接必须通过水下机器人代替潜水员完成此项工作。因此各种管道连接技术也越来越多地应用于海洋石油开发中。水下管道连接器作为一种重要的自动安装连接装置,涉及到机械、液压、材料、防腐、密封等各个方面,具有免潜水员操作、安装便捷、可靠性高等特点,可广泛应用于水下油气管道连接。本文对已成功应用于南海某气田中水下采气树跨接管连接的水平机械式管道连接器和水下管汇发球器连接的垂直液压式管道连接器,从密封结构、导向结构、锁紧结构的设计进行了深入的阐述,并在连接器样机型式试验、产品防腐、水下安装等方面也进行了详细的说明。     

A coupled numerical approach to simulate the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of submarine tunnel

Roughly 90% of all natural vibrations have epicenters in offshore zones and may cause destruction of submarine and floating structures. Such excitations can influence the safe performance of facilities set up on the seabed, like tunnels, jacket legs and subsea oil pipelines. Some researches on this theme have been carried out to demonstrate the importance of seaquake analyses and their effects have been underlined. The present study intends to numerically simulate a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem in order to examine the dynamic response of submarine tunnel under real horizontal earthquakes. Pressure is considered as independent nodal variables to represent the fluid flow effects and the induced time-dependent acceleration in porous medium equation is incorporated in the analysis and the tunnel shell is considered as flexible. This work highlights the importance of the input ground motion frequency content that governs the development of the induced seismic stress/strain around the lining of the tunnel. The results demonstrate that for deep sea the increment rate of the circumferential stress caused by surface gravity waves is below 7% when compared to the no-wave interface condition. Moreover, it is confirmed that long-period record may amplify the overall response of the system (up to 60%) specially the lateral and vertical displacements, as well as the principal stress to a lesser extent. The developed numerical model can attend to further analysis of tunnels embedded in a half-space in conjunction with fluid undergoing the severe long-period earthquakes.     

Mode jumping in the lateral buckling of subsea pipelines

Unburied subsea pipelines under high-temperature conditions tend to relieve their axial compressive stress by forming localised lateral buckles. This phenomenon is traditionally studied under the assumption of a specific lateral deflection profile (mode) consisting of a fixed number of lobes. We study lateral thermal buckling as a genuinely localised buckling phenomenon by applying homoclinic (‘flat’) boundary conditions. By not having to assume a particular buckling mode we are in a position to study transitions between these traditional modes in typical loading sequences. For the lateral resistance we take a realistic nonlinear pipe-soil interaction model for partially embedded pipelines. We find that for soils with appreciable breakout resistance, i.e., nonmonotonicity of the lateral resistance characteristic, sudden jumps between modes may occur. We consider both symmetric and antisymmetric solutions. The latter turn out to require much higher temperature differences between pipe and environment for the jumps to be induced. We carry out a parameter study on the effect of various pipe-soil interaction parameters on this mode jumping. Away from the jumps post-buckling solutions are reasonably well described by the traditional modes whose analytical expressions may be used during preliminary design.     

海底管道巡检船研发设计

简要介绍自主研发设计的"海底管道巡检船"船型的主要技术性能和技术特点。该船定位为国内首艘海底管道巡检船,搭载专业声学探测装置,抗风浪性能良好,能够持久巡线并应急响应,其各项功能均针对渤海海域海底管道运维需求进行设计,能够保障海底管道安全运营,排除隐患以避免或最大限度降低管道泄漏造成的损失。