电动汽车纯电里程试验的主要影响因素研究

随着电动车纯电里程的提升,干扰因素对纯电里程试验的影响也被进一步放大,导致纯电里程测试结果更容易产生较大偏差.文章介绍了纯电里程的分布规律,从能量流角度分析了潜在的影响因素,并重点针对影响转鼓加载的转鼓滑行前的热车时间、磨合里程以及转鼓滑行电机出扭一致性进行了研究.结果表明:转鼓滑行前的热车时间影响滑行时的车辆内阻,易...     

双电机行星齿轮变速箱的PEV动力系统研究

本文列举了常见的纯电动汽车动力系统方案并论述其优缺点,提出了基于双电机、双行星排行星齿轮变速箱的新型纯电动汽车动力系统方案,推导该新型变速箱的运动学和动力学方程,并建立其等效杠杆模型。制定纯电动汽车的动力性需求,并进行动力系统参数匹配,基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立了整车前向仿真模型,通过指定工况仿真验证了该方案的可行性。     

混合动力汽车动力总成试验台研究

基于混合动力汽车有串联、并联和混联等多种结构形式的特点,提出以模块化设计思想来搭建混合动力汽车动力总成试验台的方法,从而达到了在比较短的时间内、以尽量小的改动适应不同混合动力汽车动力总成结构形式组合需要的目标。根据研究需要,首先完成了混合动力汽车动力总成试验台并联形式的建设,并利用该试验台对所研制的混合动力城市客车多能源动力总成控制器进行了初步调试,验证了该控制器的软硬件设计和并联电动助力型控制策略。同时,所完成的发动机台架试验和电机台架试验也充分证明了试验台模块化设计思想的可行性和有效性。     

燃料电池城市客车动力驱动系统的合理匹配研究

为实现国家"十一五"863重大科研项目——燃料电池城市客车专项的燃料电池城市客车动力性能指标,建立了燃料电池城市客车的整车动力系统结构形式,进而完成新样车的概念设计。对实际目标样车动力驱动系统不同部件(包括电机、变速器、燃料电池、蓄电池)性能参数的合理匹配理论和过程进行了详尽的研究。建立了基于电压控制策略的动力驱动系统仿真模型。仿真结果达到目标样车的动力性能指标,同时建立的仿真模型对进一步深入研究整车控制策略的优化具有重要指导意义。匹配理论和仿真模型对其他类型的电动汽车研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Energy Consumption Analysis of Different Bev Powertrain Topologies by Design Optimization

Flexible layout of electric motors in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has enabled different powertrain topologies to be used. However, these different powertrain topologies also affect the overall efficiency of energy conversion from the electrochemical form stored in the battery to the mechanical form on the driving wheels for vehicle propulsion. In this study, a methodology combining an energy-based BEV simulation model with the genetic algorithm optimization approach is applied to evaluate the energy efficiency of three different BEV powertrain topologies. The analysis is carried out assuming two different urban driving conditions, as exemplified by the New European Drive Cycle (NEDC) and the Japanese JC08 drive cycle. Each of the three BEV powertrain topologies is then optimized – in terms of its electric motor size and, where applicable, gear reduction ratio – for minimum energy consumption. The results show that among the three powertrain topologies, the wheel-hub drive without gear reducers consumes the least energy. The energy consumption of BEVs under the more aggressive JC08 drive cycle is consistently 8 % above that under NEDC for all three powertrain topologies considered.     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

四轮驱动燃料电池汽车动力系统参数匹配与优化

针对某多电机双能源四轮驱动燃料电池汽车动力参数匹配进行了研究。根据其整车结构、行驶工况以及控制策略,对动力系统参数进行初步选择,并以动力系统各部件尺寸最小为目标函数、相应参数为设计变量、整车动力性能为约束条件进行优化计算,得出动力传动系统合理的参数匹配,不仅动力性完全满足设计要求,而且经济性得到提高。     

基于Simulink的电动汽车动力系统模型

运用Simulink进行电动汽车动力系统研究,在分析电动汽车动力系统数学模型的基础上,建立电动汽车动力系统Simulink模型,通过仿真获得动力系统响应特性。     

增程式电动汽车动力系统设计与仿真研究

针对电动汽车续驶里程短的问题,为开发的增程式电动汽车动力系统进行了结构分析和主要参数匹配。基于AVL-Cruise/Simulink联合仿真平台,采用定点能量管理策略,对设计的动力系统进行了仿真验证。结果表明,整车动力系统的设计和参数匹配比较合理,能实现增程器的高效工作和有效延长电动汽车的续驶里程。     

中国市场增程式电动汽车研究

发展新能源汽车,是我国从汽车大国迈向汽车强国的必由之路,是应对气候变化、推动绿色发展的战略举措。增程式电动汽车作为串联混动的一种,发动机在该车辆上不直接驱动车辆,仅驱动发电机发电为车辆提供电能,相对于传统车及其他混动车型发动机,其工作点及车辆控制策略都更为简单,凭借这一特点,增程式电动汽车在新能源的舞台占据一席之地。文章列举了中国市场出现的几款典型的增程式电动汽车,并对其工作模式、性能参数及市场表现进行详细分析,从而对增程式电动汽车在中国市场未来的发展进行预测。     

Application of a modified thermostatic control strategy to parallel mild HEV for improving fuel economy in urban driving conditions

A modified thermostatic control strategy is applied to the powertrain control of a parallel mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to improve fuel economy. This strategy can improve the fuel economy of a parallel mild HEV by operating internal combustion engine (ICE) in a high-efficiency region. Thus, in this study, experiments of a parallel mild HEV were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the hybrid electric powertrain and a numerical model is developed for the vehicle. Based on the results, the thermostatic control strategy was modified and applied to the vehicle model. Also, battery protection logic by using electrochemical battery model is applied because the active usage of battery by thermostatic control strategy can damage the battery. The simulation results of the vehicle under urban driving conditions show that the thermostatic control strategy can improve the vehicle’s fuel economy by 3.7 % compared with that of the conventional strategy. The results also suggest that the trade-off between the fuel economy improvement by efficient ICE operation and the battery life reduction by active battery usage should be carefully investigated when a thermostatic control strategy is applied to a parallel mild HEV.     

Dynamics characteristics analysis and control of FWID EV

Compared with internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, four-wheel-independently-drive electric vehicles (FWID EV) have significant advantages, such as more controlled degree of freedom (DOF), higher energy efficiency and faster torque response of an electric motor. The influence of these advantages and other characteristics on vehicle dynamics control need to be evaluated in detail. This paper firstly analyzed the dynamics characteristics of FWID EV, including the feasible region of vehicle global force, the improvement of powertrain energy efficiency and the time-delays of electric motor torque in the direct yaw moment feedback control system. In this way, the influence of electric motor output power limit, road friction coefficient and the wheel torque response on the stability control, as well as the impact of motor idle loss on the torque distribution method were illustrated clearly. Then a vehicle dynamics control method based on the vehicle stability state was proposed. In normal driving condition, the powertrain energy efficiency can be improved by torque distribution between front and rear wheels. In extreme driving condition, the electric motors combined with the electro-hydraulic braking system were employed as actuators for direct yaw moment control. Simulation results show that dynamics control which take full advantages of the more controlled freedom and the motor torque response characteristics improve the vehicle stability better than the control based on the hydraulic braking system of conventional vehicle. Furthermore, some road tests in a real vehicle were conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed control method.     

纯电动汽车故障诊断案例分析

纯电动汽车作为市场上最普遍的新能源汽车,厂家大量生产,深受消费者的喜爱,要推动纯电动汽车的持续发展,必须要提高纯电动汽车的售后维修服务质量。维修人员要掌握纯电动汽车好的结构原理、检测维修技术,从而提升售后服务质量。本文从纯电动汽车故障诊断案例入手,分析纯电动汽车的维修检测方法,以供纯电动汽车维修人员参考。     

Analysis of planetary gear hybrid powertrain system part 2: Output split system

In recent studies, various types of multi-mode electric variable transmissions for hybrid electric vehicles have been proposed. A multi-mode electric variable transmission consists of two or more different types of a planetary gear hybrid powertrain system (PGHP), which can change power flow type using clutches to improve transmission efficiency. Input split systems are generally used for the single-mode powertrain because of their overall superiority, but other power split systems such as output split and compound split systems can be used in the dual-mode powertrain. In this study, we analyze the power transmission characteristics of output split systems, and evaluate their fuel economies in the FTP72 cycle, acceleration performance, and constant vehicle speeds. These results enable the selection of appropriate systems for a dual-mode powertrain.     

Motor control of input-split hybrid electric vehicles

A motor control strategy for an input-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is proposed. From a power characteristic analysis, it is found that the powertrain efficiency decreases for speed ratios at which power circulation occurs. Using dynamic models of an input-split HEV powertrain, a motor-generator control algorithm for obtaining high system efficiency is designed by inversion-based control. The performance of the control algorithm is evaluated by the simulator which is developed based on PSAT, and simulation results are compared with the test results. It is found that, even if the engine thermal efficiency is sacrificed by moving the engine operation point from the OOL for the control strategy, improved overall powertrain system efficiency can be achieved by the engine operation that gives a relatively high efficiency from the viewpoint of the overall powertrain efficiency. The control algorithm developed can be used in design of future electric vehicles.     

基于数据驱动的电动汽车动力电池SOC预测

为准确预测电动汽车动力电池的能耗,缓解驾驶者的里程焦虑,本文中提出一种基于数据驱动的电动汽车动力电池SOC预测模型.首先分析电动汽车能耗构成并提取能耗影响因素,接着基于某款电动出租车CAN总线采集的汽车运行数据,采用机器学习算法,提出基于温度分层的能耗模型,通过宏观数据与微观数据的融合减小误差,最后使用该模型对车载BM...     

新能源汽车对主驱电机特性的敏感性研究

为研究新能源汽车能耗、性能匹配等关键因素对电机效率MAP的敏感性及其外特性影响,文章以一台8.5m纯电动公交大巴为研究对象,结合高级车辆仿真软件ADVISOR,对主驱电机性能匹配的敏感性因素进行了详实的分析,校核了电机的爬坡动力性能、最高车速性能,以及模拟了车辆在中国典型城市道路工况下的行驶里程及能量消耗情况,并提出了两种电机方案分别对整车进行适配,结果表明第二种电机方案与整车匹配度较高,车辆大部分工况运行在主驱电机MAP的高效区里,为新能源汽车的驱动电机优化设计,提供了一定的参考。     

基于能耗计算的并联式混合动力汽车控制策略

以某款并联式混合动力汽车为例,根据对工况点进行能耗计算的结果,将其动力总成工作区域划分为4个区域,分别对应于动力总成4个不同的工作模式.在此基础上制定了相应的控制策略,建立了动力总成Matlab模型并进行仿真.结果表明,整车的燃油经济性得到了明显提高.     

充电式混合动力电动汽车动力系统的参数匹配

针对充电式混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)典型的并联型结构,提出了对其动力系统中发动机功率、电机参数、传动系速比和电池参数等进行匹配的原则、步骤和实施方法.采用该方法对某中型轿车动力系统参数进行了匹配,并用电动汽车仿真软件ADVISOR对整车性能进行了仿真计算.仿真结果表明:该方法是可行和有效的.     

不同类型氢燃料电池汽车全生命周期经济性分析及预测研究

氢燃料电池汽车被认为是 21世纪具有潜力的新能源清洁动力汽车之一,影响其推广应用的最重要因素是高成本,开展全生命周期经济性分析至关重要。目前国内外学者对氢燃料电池汽车的生命周期成本评价研究主要集中于零部件成本、燃料价格等因素,而考虑国家及地方补贴政策、运维和报废成本以及不同运营里程、不同车型下经济性分析的较少。从用户的角度,通过对购置成本、运营成本、维护成本、回收残值、补能和抗寒影响以及国家和地方补贴等多种因素进行综合分析,建立全生命周期成本模型,针对乘用车、客车和卡车等不同车型,分场景开展经济性成本评价,将其与传统燃油汽车和纯电动汽车的经济性进行对比分析。面向未来,作出经济性预测,并提出一系列对策建议。