推动新型城镇化下的市郊铁路发展

文章认为新型城镇化下,需要发展市郊铁路推动中小城市建设,疏解中心城功能,并支撑郊区人口增长。但目前市郊铁路发展面临内涵不能适应都市圈发展的要求、缺乏合理的技术设计和标准、投资和运营压力巨大、城市政府不重视等问题。未来需要多举措有效发挥市郊铁路优化城镇规模结构的作用,降低市郊铁路建设成本,增强市郊铁路的投资回报预期,加大政府支持力度,积极吸引社会资本等。     

国外主要城市市郊铁路发展现状分析及启示

本文分析了国外主要城市市郊铁路的发展现状,并对其线形特征、运营组织特征、供电方式及车辆选型等方面进行了研究归纳。提出了国外主要城市市郊铁路的发展经验及教训对我国的启示及借鉴意义。     

发展我国市郊铁路的对策建议

市郊铁路是快速城镇化背景下支撑大范围、大规模通勤出行的一种快速、大容量的轨道交通方式,对于城市交通的可持续发展以及促进区域交通一体化具有至关重要的作用。本文在总结我国市郊铁路发展现状的基础上,分析了市郊铁路发展所存在的主要问题及症结;介绍了东京、纽约、巴黎等世界大城市市郊铁路的发展概况,并提炼了这些城市在发展市郊铁路方面的成功经验;最后,针对我国的实际情况,从体制机制、建设管理、投融资等方面提出了市郊铁路的发展对策及建议。     

我国市郊铁路定价机制现状、问题及政策建议

就目前我国已建成运营的3条市郊铁路——北京S2号线、上海金山线、成都成灌线来看,市郊铁路存在着定价机制单一、票价水平偏低等问题,地方政府补贴负担沉重,市郊铁路定价面临着经营与竞争的双重压力。针对这些问题,本文从加快市郊铁路规划、探索多元化投融资机制、在运营环节引入市场化机制等方面提出完善市郊铁路定价机制的政策建议。     

新加坡治理城市交通拥堵的典范

新加坡长期致力于建立一体化的公共交通服务体系,将城市公共交通定位为能与小汽车竞争的、高品质的交通方式.通过完善运营管理制度,充分发挥政府调控和市场竞争的双重作用,促进了公共交通系统运营效率和服务水平的不断提升.通过采取有效的交通需求管理政策,合理调控公众的出行行为,实现了城市交通与城市发展的良性互动.     

财政补贴助推市域铁路发展

市域铁路在都市圈区域经济发展中公益性、服务性的功能属性,决定了其运营收入难以弥补运营成本.党的十九届五中全会明确提出,加快城市群和都市圈轨道交通网络化,发挥中心城市和城市群带动作用,建设现代化都市圈.2020年12月国家发改委联合交通部、国家铁路局和国铁集团颁布的《关于推动都市圈市域(郊)铁路加快发展的意见》(国办函〔2020〕116号)明确指出:坚持市域铁路运营公共交通服务属性,地方政府应对市域铁路作出规范性、制度性补贴安排.     

基于公共经济视角的北京市郊铁路资源整合

随着城市化进程的加快,城市外围的交通资源整合迫在眉睫,市郊铁路对于实现城市规划功能定位、促进城市空间结构优化具有重要作用。本文结合《北京城市总体规划》,对市郊铁路属性进行了理论探讨,建议从理顺政府体制入手,以产权为核心构建新的组织模式。市郊铁路组织模式的改变事实上体现了制度进步和资源整合的需要。     

构建新型的市郊铁路运输系统

一、体制分割是市郊铁路运输萎缩的主要原因之一我国市郊铁路运输萎缩的一个主要原因是在能力紧张的情况下，由市郊运输占据线路能力不经济，铁路部门减少了短途旅客列车的开行，自动放弃了短途旅客运输。除此之外，目前条块分割的体制也是市郊铁路运输萎缩的重要原因之一。由于市郊铁路与城市轨道交通分属铁道部和城市管理部门，在建设规划、转乘衔接、运营政策等设计和实施的各个层面都存在大量需要沟通和协调的问题，各自为战的局面必然使其发展受到影响。就铁路运输企业而言，由于能力限制，发展市郊铁路需要较大的投入，如果得不到投资…     

市郊铁路：促进铁路与城市融合

文章从铁路与城市交通的不同特征出发，基于市郊铁路发展的必要性，提出了促进铁路与城市融合来发展市郊铁路的观点，提出应该从理念、规划、服务标准、收费手段等多方面进行融合，促进市郊铁路的健康发展。     

交通运输大事记(2008年8月)

<正>交通工程京津城际铁路正式投入运营。胶济客运专线青岛站开通运营。北京北至延庆的市郊铁路S2线开通运营。     

An assessment of the demand for new transport technology in Australia

This paper summarizes the constraints which a technological innovation in transport must satisfy if it is to achieve widespread application. The existing and likely future travel demands in Australia are reviewed, and for certain types of travel it is concluded that existing modes may become unsuitable or unacceptable. In these areas, it is possible that a new transport technology may find application. In all other areas, it is considered that existing modes, or their functional successors, will continue.

Five possible demand areas in which new transport technology may find application are identified. These are as follows:

1) High speed distribution systems may be introduced in Australian CBD's (Central Business Districts) within the next ten years. These may be progressively extended to provide radial public transport services to the CBD. It is also possible that these systems may eventually be extended to provide a dual‐mode capability in inner‐suburban areas as a partial alternative to freeway construction.

2) New town developments which may be introduced in Australia could include various forms of advanced transportation systems.

3) New aviation modes, possibly including short take off and landing aircraft operating from suburban airports may be introduced to cater for inter‐urban travel.

4) A demand‐responsive transport system to cater for the needs of the transport poor in urban areas may find limited application.

5) In the longer term, possibly by the turn of the century, an improved transport system capable of providing door‐to‐door service over the whole of an urban area and operating under a dual‐mode configuration appears to be possible. It probably would emerge from development of an incremental nature and eventually include the installation of a new technology in the then existing freeway and railway reservations in the city.     

Public transport demand: dynamic panel model analysis

This paper presents an original essay that explains the mobility behaviour towards the public transport supply in Tunisia. This research aims to determine the key variables affecting an individual’s decision to travel by public transport and explains how the use of these means fits the mobility strategies. The dynamic panel model is applied to twelve Tunisian Regional companies, where we aim to analyze the behaviours of Tunisian citizens in the regions where Regional Transport Companies ensure the total service supply of urban, interurban and suburban public transport of travellers. The results show that mobility behaviours are subject to various variables. In particular, service quality, mean price and active population are the most significant variables regarding public transport demand in Tunisia.     

Development of interregional cooperation in the field of urban and suburban transport under the auspices of the UN

The article considers specific features, the importance and the problems of urban and suburban transport with reference to international economic, scientific and technological cooperation. It also describes methods and means for utilizing the opportunities for cooperation within the framework of the UN Regional Economic Commissions with a more active involvement of CODATU and UNCHS (Habitat) and the Habitat Executive Bureau in Moscow. The article identifies and classifies the main tasks of the development of urban public transport in cities with varying degree of motorization as well as identifies the priorities of international cooperation within the UN.     

Testing the decentralization effects of rail systems: Empirical findings from Israel

Many sustainable urban development approaches are based on mass public transportation ventures, especially railway development, which has been considered a panacea for the unfavorable effects of suburban development. But rail transit also improves accessibility to the fringes, thus encouraging an exodus to the suburbs. This paper explores suburbanization and sprawling effect of commuter rail transit on the rural exurbia of the Tel Aviv metropolis by analyzing its effect on residential location decisions. The findings indicate that the suburban rail system was a determinant factor in the location choice of households which migrated from the inner parts of the Tel Aviv metropolis, since it allowed them to maintain strong commuting connections to their residential origin. This suggests that rail transit, along with its potential to strengthen the inner cities, also accelerates suburbanization and counter urbanization.     

Water transit and excess travel: discrete choice modelling of bus and ferry trips in Brisbane,Australia

Recent investment in urban ferry transport has created interest in what value such systems provide in a public transport network. In some cases, ferry services are in direct competition with other land-based transport, and despite often longer travel times passengers still choose water transport. This paper seeks to identify a premium attached to urban water transit through an identification of excess travel patterns. A one-month sample of smart card transaction data for Brisbane, Australia, was used to compare bus and ferry origin–destination pairs between a selected suburban location and the central business district. Logistic regression of the data found that ferry travel tended towards longer travel times (OR?=?2.282), suggesting passengers do derive positive utility from ferry journeys. The research suggests the further need to incorporate non-traditional measures other than travel time for deciding the value of water transit systems.     

Suburban service in North America today—Which way will we go?

The current situation of suburban rail services is reviewed. Differences between seemingly similar services—urban transit, commuter service, suburban rail service and regional rail -are discussed. The suburban rail commuter is described as the true intermodal traveler. Differences of the political backgrounds of the inner-city compared to the suburbs complicate implementation of programs to improve service and suggest deep problems over the long term. Because the transition of suburban rail service from the private to public sector has been so recent, it is difficult for many to recognize that the profit of the service is in the lower total transportation costs for the community as compared to a cash dividend. Existing railroad lines in many cities have the potential of being a cost-effective solution to traffic problems, although the specific solutions vary widely, ranging from the operation of new commuter trains over the lines of a heavy duty railroad (Toronto) to a completely new light rail system (San Diego).     

铁路运输企业视角下的公、铁运输企业短期博弈分析

在"一带一路"战略背景下,铁路物流中心的公铁联运业务至关重要。公铁联运业务各主体的协同存在易变性,资源双方是否信任会影响各自的策略选择。本文以铁路运输企业为主导,铁路运输企业接到客户公铁联运订单时会借助平台发布公路运输需求信息,公路运输企业根据自身情况向铁路运输企业表达意愿,最后铁路运输企业根据其采取的策略找到自身是否接受合作的均衡条件。本文通过对公、铁运输企业的短期博弈分析,找到双方合作的均衡条件,为双方利益分配奠定基础。     

城市轨道交通车辆车体材料的选型分析

城市轨道交通车辆的车体材料选材,是关系到轨道运营的＂安全、可靠、快速、轻量、经济、适用＂的重大因素之一。文章结合当前国内城市轨道交通车辆车体的使用及选购情况,借鉴国外经验,针对不锈钢、铝合金车体的材料和结构特点进行分析、比较,并对两种车体材料的发展动向进行了探讨,为城市轨道交通车辆车体材料的选型提供依据。     

Marseilles integrated transport system

To be fully effective, metro lines must be connected with other modes of transport. This principle has been applied in the city of Marseilles, France. First, a very good interchange between the two metro lines and the national and suburban railway has been developed in the Saint-Charles main railway station. This interchange connects with the adjacent intercity bus terminal. Second, at every metro station, access facilities and neighborhood development were planned. Third, bus stations and car parks were installed at main rail stations. All this was made possible by early coordinated planning.     

The role of paratransit: some reflections based on the experience of residents’ coach services in Hong Kong

Paratransit refers to urban transport services “somewhere between private passenger transport and conventional public transport in terms of cost and quality of service” [Rimmer (1980), Paratransit: A commentary. Environ. Plan. A 12, 937–944]. Since the 1980s, a new form of paratransit—residents’ coach, which provides exclusive transport services to residents living in private housing estates—has emerged in Hong Kong. What was the background underlying the emergence and subsequent growth of residents’ coach services? Also, what was the role of residents’ coach in the public transport system of Hong Kong? With the completion of more railway extensions, should residents’ coach services be replaced? If so, what are the potential impacts on people’s life? This paper addresses the above research questions through a large-scale questionnaire survey that examined not only people’s modal choice but also their residential choice, socio-economic background and attitudes. The findings suggest that transport policy makers should pay more attention to examine new forms of paratransit and the ways of integrating them into the overall public transport system, both spatially and temporally. It is only through the development of an efficient and multi-modal transport system can the maximum potential of paratransit in filling the transport gap between conventional mass transit and private cars be realized.