不同频谱特性地震动输入下的场地地震反应

对进行土-结构相互作用大比例模型试验的成层土场地,在获取各层土动力特性指标的基础上,土体采用等效线性模型,进行了不同加速度峰值和不同频谱特性地震动输入下的场地三维有限元地震反应分析,研究了场地土的地震放大效应和地基的滤波效应,为进一步研究土-结构相互作用奠定了基础.     

桥梁地震危险性分析的原理和方法

结合某实桥 ,对地震危险性分析的基本原理和计算方法进行了详细介绍 ,并根据桥址场地建立了地震反应分析模型 .通过对该桥桥址处的地震危险性分析 ,得出了桥位处的地震动参数 ,并合成了桥址处基岩人工波时程和场地土人工波时程     

桥梁地震危险性分析的原理和方法

结合某实桥，对地震危险性分析的基本原理和计算方法进行了详细介绍，并根据桥址场地建立了地震反应分析模型。通过对该桥桥址处的地震危险性分析，得出了桥位处的地震动参数。并合成了桥址处基岩人工波时程和场地土人工波时程。     

土-结构相互作用基础隔震体系地震反应分析

将隔震结构地基土简化为弹性半空间模型，分析了土——结构相互作用对隔震结构地震响应的影响．同时，分析了隔震体系地震响应随阻尼比及地震动频率变化而变化的规律．分析结果表明；隔震体系土——结构相互作用不容忽视．     

三本桥梁抗震规范的反应谱计算方法的比较分析

现今《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》、《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》以及《公路工程抗震设计规范》中反应谱计算有较大的差异性。以地震基本烈度为7度,地震动峰值加速度为0.15g地区为例,仅讨论规则桥梁在三种桥梁抗震设计规范情况下,采用反应谱法计算得出的E1地震作用下水平力。最后通过比较,得出桥梁结构在不同场地土以及不同地震动参数分区间三本规范的差异、比值大小及其变化范围。     

地震下单桩动力响应的有限元模拟

采用ANSYS结构分析软件建立三维有限元实体模型,计算了地震作用下桩-土动力相互作用体系的动力反应．分析了体系的加速度反应、位移反应、桩身应变、桩身挠度、桩身弯矩、桩身剪力和桩土间接触压力等方面,并探讨了桩土刚度比、上部荷载等参数对桩-土相互作用体系的影响．     

基于相位差谱的非平稳地震波合成及应用

为了模拟地震动的非平稳性和多维性并克服传统三角级数法在合成地震波中选择包络函数具有任意性和不能表征频率非平稳性的缺点,提出了基于相位差谱法的多维多点非平稳人工地震波合成. 首先,基于随机场理论模拟地震动的行波效应、相干效应、场地效应和多维性;其次,确定能表征地震动的强度非平稳和频率非平稳性的相位差谱;最后,将合成的非平稳地震波和当量反应谱应用到实际桥梁抗震分析中进行分析对比. 研究结果表明:相位差谱法合成多维多点非平稳地震动不需要包络函数控制地震波的波形,排除人工选择强度包络函数的任意性,且考虑了地震动的空间相关性和多维性,优于传统的三角级数法;本文方法与传统反应谱法计算结果基本一致,采用反应谱法计算的两处墩底的剪力值和弯矩值分别相差在10%和17%以内,本文方法分别在9%和12%以内.      

非平稳地震作用下高墩桥梁体间隙需求分析

为了研究非平稳地震作用下高墩桥梁体防撞间隙需求,基于随机振动理论及虚拟激励法,对不同烈度下场地条件对非平稳间隙需求的影响进行了分析. 首先,建立了非平稳地震作用下相邻梁体相对位移需求与烈度间的数学关系;其次,基于理论计算的梁体间最大相对位移,确定碰撞间隙宽度需求以达到防止梁体间发生碰撞的目的;最后,以某大跨度连续刚构-连续梁体系为实际工程算例,研究了非平稳地震作用下桥梁结构在一致场地和非一致场地（实际场地）条件下的碰撞间隙需求量,且获得了不同烈度下非平稳碰撞间隙需求谱. 研究结果表明:非平稳地震作用下,硬土场地条件时,相对位移时变均方差的峰值最小,实际场地条件最大,约为硬土场地的4倍;实际场地条件的各烈度下非平稳碰撞间隙宽度需求均值比软土场地、中土场地和硬土场地分别大36%、69%和73%,均方差分别大45%、74%和78%;平稳地震激励比非平稳地震激励时碰撞间隙需求量大20%～30%.      

汶川地震中九襄断裂对汉源烈度异常的影响

为分析汶川地震中九襄断裂对汉源县高烈度异常的影响,基于对汉源县城震害的科学考察、场地勘察以及地震地质与地形图,建立了典型的二维地震反应分析模型,采用有限差分法和透射边界理论,分析了九襄断裂对汉源县城震害的影响.结果表明:九襄隐伏断裂对汉源烈度异常有一定影响,对频段在4~8 Hz之间的地震动放大效应显著,使地表地震动峰值加速度约增大9%;该频段与汉源县城部分建筑物的自振频率吻合,放大的地表地震动和共振效应加重了汉源县城的震害,是汉源高烈度异常的主要原因之一.因此,场地中的非发震隐伏断裂对地表地震动有一定放大效应,工程选址和抗震设计时应考虑其影响.      

季节性冻土对桩基础桥墩地震反应的影响

季节性冻土层改变了地基土的动力特性和卓越周期,因而对桥墩的地震反应产生影响.利用ANSYS软件,对Ⅱ类场地上的桩基础桥墩在场地非冻结期和冻结期两种情况下的地震反应进行了计算,并对结果进行了分析和比较.结果表明Ⅱ类场地上的桩基础桥墩,冻结期的地震反应比非冻结期的地震反应明显减小.     

An improved dynamic hysteretic model for soils

A dynamic hysteretic constitutive model for soil dynamics, Ramberg-Osgood model, is introduced and improved in the paper. Since the model is inherently 1D and is assumed to apply to shear components only, other components of the deviatorie stress and strain and their relations in 3D case could not be fully described. Two parameters, the equivalent shear stress and the equivalent shear strain, are defined to reasonably establish relations between each of stress and strain components respectively. The constitutive equations of the initial Ramberg-Osgood model are extended to generalize the theory into multidimensional cases. Difficulties of the definition of load reversal in 3D are also addressed and solved. The improved constitutive model for soil dynamics is verified by comparisons with different soil dynamic testing data covering both sands and clays. Results show that the dynamic nonlinear hysteretie behaviors of soils can be well predicted with the improved constitutive model.     

水泥改良土力学特性试验研究

在大量动静三轴试验的基础上,研究了水泥改良土试样的应力．应变关系,掺和比及围压等影响因素,以及临界动应力、累计塑性应变、弹性应变及回弹模量的变化规律,同时,还研究了水泥土的回弹模量和动弹性应变与振动次数的变化规律．试验结果表明：水泥土的应力．应变曲线呈软化型,存在明显的应力峰值点;动应力存在一个临界值,土体的变形分为衰减型、破坏型及临界型;水泥土的临界动应力是素土的两倍以上,随掺和比的增加而增长,但增长趋势变缓．     

高频振动贯入灌注桩套管土塞效应的数值分析

为探讨大直径灌注桩套管在高频振动贯入时管端土塞效应的形成机理,采用三维颗粒离散元法进行了数值仿真分析,研究了贯入过程中套管内、外土颗粒的位移、速率与接触应力、土塞高度、孔隙率和土体剪应力的变化.仿真结果表明:高频激振力越大,套管贯入深度越大,相应地管内土塞高度也越大,且超孔隙水压波动的最大幅度和幅值越大;土塞上部孔隙率较大,下部土体较密实.在高频振动贯入过程中,套管端沉入处的超孔隙水压幅值最大,同一时刻土塞内的超孔隙水压随深度增大;管内土颗粒在振动开始时以较小幅度上移;套管端部颗粒接触数目随贯入深度和振动频率的增大而增多,且接触应力和土体剪应力比其他区域大.      

建立Timoshenko深梁单元的新方法

基于Timoshenko两广义位移梁理论，建立考虑剪切效应的Timoshenko深梁单元横向线位移、转角和剪应变的各自插值函数，利用有限元方法导出单元线弹性刚度、一致质量矩阵和几何刚度矩阵。算例结果表明此公式用于静力、动力和稳定性分析是可靠的，并且不出现剪切闭锁现象。     

Equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads

The expression of the equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads is obtained via the Fourier transformation method in the frequency wave number domain. Based on the obtained equivalent stiffness, the frequency wave number domain solution of the beam-half-space system is obtained by the compatibility condition between the beam and the half space.Critical velocity of harmonic moving loads along an infinite Euler-Bernoulli elastic beam is determined. The time domain solutions for the beam and the saturated poro-elastic half space are derived by means of the inverse Fourier transformation method. Also, the influences of the load speed, frequency and material parameters of the poro-elastic half space on the responses of the beam are investigated. Numerical results show that the frequency corresponding to the maximum deflection and bending moment increases with increasing load speed. Moreover,it can be seen that at higher frequencies, the dynamic response is independent of the load speed. The present results also show that for a beam overlying a saturated poro-elastic half space, there still exist critical velocities even when the load velocity is larger than the shear wave speed of the medium.     

土工格栅与土体界面摩擦特性试验研究

土工格栅与土体界面摩擦特性指标是加筋土结构设计的关键。基于分析土工格栅与土体的界面摩擦形式,进行了一系列室内筋土界面拉拔试验和直剪摩擦试验,测试了两种试验条件的界面摩擦特性。试验结果表明：土工格栅与砂砾料接触面抗剪强度较高,而与粘土接触面抗剪强度很低。剪切速率对两种试验方法测得的界面摩擦特性指标有不同的影响。随着法向应力的增加或剪切速率的降低,筋土界面剪应力力峰值以及其对应的剪切位移增大。土工格栅的横肋对筋土界面特性具有重要贡献。随着填料压实度的提高,土工格栅加筋效果越明显。     

Experimental study on mechanical properties of weathered rock covered by loess

Based on dynamic triaxial test, the mechanical properties of the weathered rock covered by loess were studied. The cohesion value of weathered mudstone is far below that of the weathered sandstone, while the internal friction angle values are basically equivalent, about 30°. Compared with the undisturbed sample, the cohesion value of remodeling weathered rock sample decreases significantly. With the increase of moisture content, the strength of weathered mudstone is obviously decreased due to the influence of the water softening effect. This results illustrate that the bearing stratum is not easily affected by external disturbance in comparison to weathered mudstone. In the engineering, in order to ensure the good mechanical properties of the soil, more attention should be paid to keeping the water content constant, even to reducing the water content. The experiments show that the relations between shear stress and strain of weathered rock were nonlinear and the behavior of weathered rock can be expressed by the hyperbolic model. The initial modulus of undisturbed weathered rock, under the same consolidation conditions, is much greater than that of remodeling samples. Meanwhile, the initial dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone is also greater than that of the mudstone. The dynamic shear modulus ratios of the undisturbed sandstone, the undisturbed mudstone, as well as the remodeling mudstone have the normalization characteristics with the increase of dynamic shear strain. The damping ratio of mudstone is larger than that of the sandstone, and the damping ratio of remolding sample is also greater than that of the undisturbed mudstone. The mudstone has the bad mechanical properties as bearing stratum.     

Effect of elastic constitutive laws on the deformation of two-dimensional red blood cell

Deformation of two-dimensional red blood cell in linear shear flow is simulated using the immersed boundary method, in which the cell is modeled as a force source instead of a real body. The effect of three constitutive laws, i.e. Hookean, Neo-Hookean and Skalak elasticity, on the deformation is studied by simulating the cell movement in two linear shear flows. The results show that the effect of the constitutive laws gets more obvious as the shear rate increases. Both the aspect ratio and the inclination of the steady shapes get bigger, and the differences between the periods of the cell tank-treading motion become larger. For the same shear flow, the period with Hookean elasticity is less than the period with Neo-Hookean elasticity and bigger than the period with Skalak elasticity.     

微弱舰船声信号的混沌处理方法

针对进出港口的舰船噪声低,难以检测的问题,采用了混沌振子检测理论,将其应用在舰船弱信号检测中,采用参数抑制法,同时设计了微弱信号的混沌检测系统.通过仿真计算,结果表明该系统能有效地提高检测的信噪比.文中还给出了一种简便判断系统是否处在混沌态的方法.