基于孔内摄像的湘江长沙综合枢纽坝基岩体结构面判译与验证

坝基勘察期间,难以直接观测到坝基岩体中的结构面特征．通过在勘探孔中进行孔内摄像,能观测到孔壁各类裂隙面的特征．基坑开挖后,对揭露的岩体结构面进行编录统计．将两种方法获得的成果进行比较,验证了孔内摄像成果能较好地反映坝基岩体结构面特征．工程实例证明：孔内摄像可用于解决勘察期间坝基岩体结构面勘探这一难题,具有高效、直观、可靠的特点．通过孔内摄像,容易发现基坑中出露少的缓倾不利结构面．使用孔内摄像勘探坝基岩体结构面特征时,应注意“一孔之见”的局限性及岩体结构面在空间上的不均匀性．勘探时,一方面要保证有合适的孔内摄像点数量,另一方面要及时分析孔内摄像成果,判断岩体结构面的变化规律．     

声波测试法在隧道围岩完整性判别中的应用

采用声波探测技术对围岩的地质情况进行测试和评价,能较为真实地掌握围岩的完整性特征,为支护参数的设计提供依据.文章结合工程实例,介绍声波探测法的原理与方法,工程开挖结果表明,实际围岩状况与声波测试结果基本吻合,声波探测起到了超前地质预报的作用,可供类似工程参考.     

Site Earthquake Characteristics and Dynamic Parameter Test of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power Engineering

The earthquake characteristics and geological structure of the site to sitting the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station are closely related. According to site investigation drilling, sampling, seismic sound logging wave test in single-hole and cross-hole, laboratory wave velocity test of intact rock, together with analysis of the site geological conditions, the seismic wave test results of the site between strata lithology and the geologic structure were studied. The relationships of seismic waves with the site lithology and the geologic structure were set up.The dynamic parameters of different grades of weathering profile were deduced. The results assist the seismic design of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China.     

Site earthquake characteristics and dynamic parameter test of phase III Qinshan Nuclear Power Engineering

The earthquake characteristics and geological structure of the site to sitting the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station are closely related. According to site investigation drilling, sampling, seismic sound logging wave test in single-hole and cross-hole, laboratory wave velocity test of intact rock, together with analysis of the site geological conditions, the seismic wave test results of the site between strata lithology and the geologic structure were studied. The relationships of seismic waves with the site lithology and the geologic structure were set up. The dynamic parameters of different grades of weathering profile were deduced. The results assist the seismic design of Phase III Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China.      

花岗质侵入岩地层隧址区的初始地应力场反演分析

火山隧道隧址区地层主要以花岗闪长岩侵入砂、泥岩分布,隧道轴线穿越花岗质侵入岩附近,岩性变化剧烈,地应力分布复杂.利用地应力实测数据反分析侵入岩体区域初始地应力场分布规律以对设计、施工提供理论指导.根据火山隧道地勘资料建立三维数值模型,基于现场水压致裂法实测原位地应力数据,采用多元线性回归法反演得到工程区域初始地应力场,...     

瑞利面波椭圆极化在盾构隧道地层扰动探测中的应用

为解决传统物探方法在城市盾构隧道工程中难以对地层扰动达到较好探测和监测目的，提出了主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法. 采用二维有限元数值模拟对实际盾构隧道施工背景下的地层情况进行全波场正演模拟，并对其波场传播、速度频散和椭圆极化频散等特征进行分析；结合工程实例，进一步将椭圆极化方法和传统速度频散方法进行对比研究. 研究结果表明:主动源瑞利面波椭圆极化方法在探测地下介质结构分布及监测地下空洞等异常结构的变化方面具有和传统速度频散方法同样的探测效果，但由于其不需要长大检波器排列，对周围环境震动等噪声抗干扰能力相对较强，因此更适合城市等场地受限和具有一定震动和噪声干扰的环境，从而具有更广阔的应用前景.      

井孔勘察地质编录研究

地质勘察最直观的手段之一即是钻探,如何做好钻孔地质编录是最大程度地获得客观信息和准确资料的关键。对井孔勘察地址编录进行研究,可提高地质编录质量及勘察报告的实用价值。     

利用钢筋的反射弧来确定雷达波的传播速度

应用探地雷达技术检测结构物的厚度或缺陷深度时,准确获取电磁波的传播速度是一个关键因素。通常,工程技术人员通过钻孔来标定波速,这样做不仅增加了工作量,而且不经济,对结构有损害。可通过分析实测雷达剖面来获取波速,显然会更经济一些。经分析,钢筋反射弧的时距关系为双曲线方程;只要确定了方程的两个参数,便可计算出雷达波的传播速度。可以在钢筋反射弧上任选两组实测数据,求解出方程的参数来计算波速值,再取其平均值作为雷达波在结构物中的传播速度。但通过对反射弧进行曲线拟合分析后得出方程式,再用方程中的参数计算出来的波速值准确度更高,满足工程检测的精度要求。因此,无需在结构上钻孔,利用钢筋的反射弧即可确定雷达波的速度,将有效地改善雷达检测工作,具有很高的应用价值。     

宣钢近北庄铁矿东南边帮破坏模式分析

以宣钢近北庄铁矿矿区地质环境、构造、地层、岩性与水文地质条件为基础,进行了边坡岩体工程地质岩组的划分与边坡岩体的结构分析.根据岩体的结构特征、结构面的产状与采场边坡方位的空间组合关系,确定了边坡岩体的结构类型和边坡潜在的破坏模式,为边坡工程的稳定性分析与治理提供了必要的依据.     

超声波透射法及其在工程中的应用

本文详细阐述了超声波透射法的工作原理,并借助工程实例,从声时、声幅、声速、PSD、波形几个方面比较了其对缺陷的敏感程度,以供同行参考。     

广州地铁石灰岩地层中的盾构施工技术

介绍了广州地铁石灰岩地层地质特征,提出盾构在此地层中施工要进行岩溶、土洞预处理,对掘进中出现的喷涌、盾构偏移、管片上浮等问题进行了原因分析并提出控制措施,对同类工程有参考价值。     

Equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads

The expression of the equivalent stiffness of the saturated poro-elastic half space interacting with an infinite beam to harmonic moving loads is obtained via the Fourier transformation method in the frequency wave number domain. Based on the obtained equivalent stiffness, the frequency wave number domain solution of the beam-half-space system is obtained by the compatibility condition between the beam and the half space.Critical velocity of harmonic moving loads along an infinite Euler-Bernoulli elastic beam is determined. The time domain solutions for the beam and the saturated poro-elastic half space are derived by means of the inverse Fourier transformation method. Also, the influences of the load speed, frequency and material parameters of the poro-elastic half space on the responses of the beam are investigated. Numerical results show that the frequency corresponding to the maximum deflection and bending moment increases with increasing load speed. Moreover,it can be seen that at higher frequencies, the dynamic response is independent of the load speed. The present results also show that for a beam overlying a saturated poro-elastic half space, there still exist critical velocities even when the load velocity is larger than the shear wave speed of the medium.     

Influences on the spatial directivity of acoustic vector sensor by finite cylinder baffle and future prospects about eliminating the effects

The directivity of acoustic vector sensor can be distorted by the sound diffraction wave of baffle. According to Helmholtz integral equation, the directivity of acoustic vector sensor under the condition of finite cylinder baffle is calculated by using boundary element method (BEM). Considering the problem of nearly singular integrals of BEM, the exponent parts of fundamental solutions are expanded in trigonometric functions. The singular and the nonsingular parts are separated: the nonsingular parts are calculated by Gaussian integral method; the singular parts are regularized by subsection integral method. Then the surface integrals are reduced into line integrals along the elements?? contour which can be calculated by Gaussian integral method. The sound diffraction field of a plane wave under the condition of finite cylinder baffle at different frequencies and incident angles is calculated, and the characteristics of directivity of pressure and vibration velocity at different frequencies are analyzed. The experimental data are treated and the errors between the experimental and theoretical results are analyzed. Finally, according to the research results about the influences on the directivity of acoustic vector sensor by baffle at present, some future prospects about eliminating the effects of sound diffraction field by baffle are presented.     

瑞利波检测技术在高速公路改扩建工程中的应用

应用瑞利波原理,分析沪宁高速公路瑞利波检测数据,通过钻孔取样验证瑞利波检测结果可靠性,拟合波速与压实度对应关系式,提出路基质量的瑞利波速评价标准,表明瑞利波波速确立了高速公路路基路面质量指标与检测物理参数间直接或相关关系.     

基于岭回归-马氏距离的隧道围岩分类预测方法的研究

基于岭回归与马氏距离判别法的基本原理,选取岩石质量指标RQD、完整性系数Kv、单轴饱和抗压强度Rw、纵波波速Vp、弹性抗力系数Ko和结构面摩擦系数f作为评价指标,通过岭回归分析确定其权重系数,根据权重系数的大小剔除权重较小的指标,最终采用Rw,Ko和f建立马氏距离判别模型,并利用广东省某隧道工程进行模型检验。结果表明：岭回归-马氏距离判别法预测结果与实际相吻合,从而验证了岭回归-马氏距离判别法用于围岩分类预测是可行的。最后,运用建立的岭回归-马氏距离判别模型对东深供水改造工程隧洞围岩进行预测,经计算分析发现,所选洞段围岩判别结果与《水工隧洞设计规范》（SL279-2002）的分类结果一致,进一步证明了该方法用于隧道围岩分类预测的合理性及有效性。     

瑞雷面波勘探理论方法的研究及其应用

瑞雷面波法是近几年应用于工程地质勘察中的一种有效勘察方法。文中首先采用频率空间域τ-p变换来提取瑞雷面波,它能有效压制假频和端点效应;其次采用相邻道计算频散曲线,能准确检测局部和小区域异常。使得在工程地质勘察中地质条件差时也能大大提高瞬态瑞雷面波勘探的可行性,并提高了纵、横向分辨率和精度。通过梅龙高速公路某段试验解译与钻探资料的对比分析,说明了本方法的有效性和实用性。     

超前预报在锦屏辅助洞不良地质中的应用研究

简述了综合利用超前地质预报技术对隧道地下水进行超前预报。提出在复杂地质条件下,综合运用TSP203超前预报系统、地质雷达、超前地质钻孔等技术对地下水进行跟踪预报,并以锦屏辅助洞隧道为实例,说明综合预报对地下水预报的有效性。     

岩石声学参数与应力相关性研究综述

本文在搜集国内外相关文献资料的基础上,从超声波速、声衰减系数、频率、频谱、尾波等几个方面对岩石声学参数与应力相关性的研究现状进行了详细地阐述,并对今后的研究工作提出了作者的看法.     

青草背长江大桥北锚碇摩阻力试验

以涪陵青草背长江大桥北锚碇(重力式锚碇)为例,在北锚碇地基持力层部位进行了原位摩阻力试验,结合室内岩块力学试验成果及地基持力层的工程地质状况,对混凝土(强度等级为C30)与地基持力层基岩接触面的峰值抗剪断强度参数、抗剪强度参数以及比例界限值相对应的抗剪断强度参数进行了详细研究.结合现行规范、规程及行业标准对摩阻系数的不...     

边坡平台大孔径微型桩孔潜孔锤施工工艺研究

分析了潜孔锤钻进、排渣工艺的能量守恒通式,结合湖北通城至湖南平江高速公路边坡拳300mm大孔径微型抗滑桩施工,介绍了设备选型、施工工艺对地质环境条件的调控方法,提出了潜孔锤成孔的极限成孔结构．设计的潜孔锤施工最佳工况对平台微型抗滑桩机械成孔作业具有指导意义．