复杂地质条件下地基基础设计及工程实例分析

主要结合H工程的地基基础设计工作，阐述了地基土酸性污染，原有碎石桩地基加固以及忆灌注桩等复杂地质条件下的地基基础设计思路和方法，并着重对基酸性污染机理和处理方法进行了详细论述。     

酸性石料工程性质的试验研究

广西高速公路沥青路面面层多采用辉绿岩材料,储量少,成本高。作者通过对花岗岩、砂岩等酸性石料的基本物理性质、工程性质等进行试验研究后显示,采取适宜的防止剥落措施,酸性石料沥青混合料完全满足抗水损害能力和抗车辙性能,可以用作高等级沥青路面表面层或磨耗层材料,从而达到就地取材、降低工程造价的目的。     

侵蚀性地下水条件下混凝土与浆砌圬工防腐技术

腐蚀是影响混凝土与浆砌圬工结构耐久性、可靠性的至关重要的因素。渝(重庆)怀(怀化)铁路30标段DK514 232～DK517 690段地下水具有硫酸型酸性强侵蚀性，对工程结构危害性很大。本文主要介绍了硫酸型酸性强侵蚀性地下水对混凝土与浆砌圬工的侵蚀机理、防治措施及关键技术要点。     

加氢装置空冷管束腐蚀泄漏原因分析及预防措施

文中对某石化公司加氢装置空冷管束泄漏的原因进行了详细分析,其中包括对管束进行涡流检测、垢样外观分析、垢样元素分析等,并对空冷管束泄漏采取增加原料及酸性水氯离子监控、增加分馏塔顶缓释剂加注流程、空冷防冻及操作优化等预防措施,有效解决了管束腐蚀泄漏的问题。     

酸陛石料在高速公路沥青表面层的应用

本文着重介绍酸性石料在武邵高速公路Bl合同段沥青表面层的应用.在灰绿岩、玄武岩等石料运距太远的情况下,因地制宜,粗集料采用酸性石料,细集料采用石灰岩.利用酸性石料的高强度形成骨架,石灰岩的细料提高集料混合料对沥青的粘附性,扬长补短,提高沥青混合料的综合性能.     

酸性石料在永武高速公路中的应用与经济性分析

为了解决高速公路建设工程地方优质路用集料短缺的问题,针对当地料场生产的酸性石料进行了应用的可行性分析。通过石料基本性能测试和抗剥落措施的调研及分析表明:采用在沥青混合料中添加消石灰替代一部分矿粉的方法解决酸性石料与沥青的黏附性问题从技术上是可行的,有利于改善沥青混合料的水稳定性,节省工程建设费用。     

酸性条件下国内外用管情况及金属防腐分析

在酸性条件下,管道腐蚀相当严重,产生的危害也很大.因此,进行金属防腐分析具有重要意义.文中对国内外天然气管道的使用情况进行了介绍,并对这些管道的材质以及特点进行了说明.针对腐蚀发生的不同原因,介绍了采用涂防腐绝缘层、阴极保护和连接线等有效延缓管道腐蚀的防护措施,并分析了各自的优缺点.实际上,既经济可行又有效的防腐方法是...     

酸性气田输气管道外防腐层缺陷检测技术

针对酸性气田输气管道外防腐层缺陷的特点,确定了输气管道外防腐层检测的内容。介绍了直流电压梯度法、多频管中电流法、密间隔电位法、变频选频法以及皮尔逊法的基本原理和现场运用情况,并总结了各种检测技术的优缺点。结合这5种检测方法的功能,评价了各检测方法在酸性气田输气管道中的适应性,认为在酸性气田输气管道的外防腐层缺陷检测中,直流电压梯度法、多频管中电流法和密间隔电位法较好。     

酸性石料水损害试验设计

本文应用多因素方差分析、Fisher小样本非参数随机化测验与含分类变量的逐步回归分析等方法,对酸性石料水损害试验数据进行分析,提出长期老化多循环冻融试验,并最终确定多循环冻融次数为3次。     

高喷灌浆技术在压力排水管道加固工程中的应用

高喷灌浆技术用于土木、交通防渗加固工程,其用途和适用范围是显著的,用于防渗加固工程实例并不少见,但用于酸性压力排水管道围封加固工程是该技术的最新应用成果,工程取得了成功.介绍了高喷灌浆技术用于酸性压力排水管道围封加固中成功的实例.     

抗暗冰涂料在路面抗冰冻领域的应用

文章阐述了抗暗冰涂料的基本性能与作用机理,试验分析了涂料的界面粘结力和抗暗冰效果,并结合试验段施工、检测实践,验证了抗暗冰涂料的实际效用,同时探讨了抗暗冰涂料的具体应用领域。     

Effects of antenna position on readability of RFID tags in a refrigerated sea container of frozen bread at 433 and 915 MHz

Perishable foods are frequently exposed to temperature abuse during transportation and distribution. The use of traditional data loggers do not permit the instantaneous data transmission that radio frequency technology offers. Temperature has a major impact on food quality and safety, particularly when long transit times are imposed. Consequently, using radio frequency identification (RFID) to track and monitor temperature in perishable shipments will bring significant benefits to the cold chain. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal RF antenna placement to achieve full RFID tag readability inside a sea container. Testing was made at two different frequencies (915 and 433 MHz) while the refrigeration unit was running at −25 °C and the container was fully loaded with frozen bread. The sea container was instrumented with eight RFID antennas, three of which were tuned for 433 MHz and five for 915 MHz. All antenna wires exited the container via the forward drain holes. The RFID readers were outside the container and connected to their respective antennas, one at a time. Thirty eight RFID tags were evenly distributed onto the pallets of frozen bread. All RFID tags were active tags capable of reading and recording temperature. Results at 915 MHz showed readability levels between 47% and 79%, with an average of 68.4%, whereas 433 MHz demonstrated 100% readability at all antenna positions. In conclusion, the 433 MHz RFID system appears suitable for real time temperature monitoring of frozen bread inside a sea container. This technology could be applied to other food items similar to frozen bread.     

A queuing model analysis of the performance of the Hong Kong container terminals

The growth of container‐handling industry and its impact on Hong Kong's economy have aroused considerable attention in recent decades. Within the recent twenty years, the rapid growth of container‐handling industry has led Hong Kong to become one of the world's busiest container port with over 11 million T.E.U. s (Twenty Feet Equivalent Units) container throughput in one year period. Also the container throughput is expected to reach 15.5 million T.E.U. s by year 2004.

As the success of container‐handling industry is significant, many studies have been conducted relating to this subject. In this paper, an application of a queuing theory model to Kwai Chung Container Terminals is developed and described. Specifically, we consider seasonal changes at the Terminals and focus on their effects on inter‐arrival time and service time of container vessel.

A crucial component of the study relates to the empirical data collected. Besides verifying the validity of the model, those data provide guidelines for developing schemes to manage the seasonal fluctuation of container throughput of the Terminals.     

A cost-based maritime container assignment model

A recently proposed frequency-based maritime container assignment model (Bell et al., 2011) seeks an assignment of full and empty containers to paths that minimises expected container travel time, whereas containers are in practice more likely to be assigned to minimise expected cost. A cost-based container assignment model is proposed here. It is assumed that routes and service frequencies are given so ship operating costs are also fixed. The objective is to assign containers to routes to minimise container handling costs, container rental and inventory costs. The constraints in the model are extended to include route as well as port capacities. It is shown that the problem remains a linear program. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the properties of the model. The paper concludes by considering the many applications of the proposed maritime container assignment model.     

Foreign participation and competition: A way to improve the container port efficiency in China?

This paper investigates how the involvement of foreign and local ownerships, intra- and inter-port competition and hinterland affect the container terminal efficiency in China and its neighboring countries. The operational efficiency of sample container terminals is estimated by data envelopment analysis, which is followed by regression analysis to examine factors affecting container terminal efficiency. We find that having some Chinese ownership may make a container terminal more efficient, while a container terminal is less efficient with Chinese as the major shareholder. It is also found that intra- and inter-port competition may enhance container terminal efficiency. Finally, the efficiency growth of terminals is examined, and implications for the regional economic disparity in China are discussed.     

An operational activity-based method to estimate CO2 emissions from container shipping considering empty container repositioning

This paper develops an operational activity-based method to estimate CO₂ emissions from container shipping in contrasts to the traditional aggregated activity-based method. Two case studies investigate the impacts of empty container repositioning policies and port handling capacity on CO₂ emission index. The results show that the aggregated method could well overestimate CO₂ emissions and the operational activity-based method is more appropriate. The paper also demonstrates that high port-handling capacity and efficient empty container repositioning could reduce CO₂ emissions in seaborne container transportation.     

Charting a New Paradigm of Container Hub Port Development Policy: The Asian Doctrine

This paper proposes the conceptual model of the Asian (Port) Doctrine to explain the successful development of top ranking container ports in Asia during the past four decades. This paper draws a new paradigm for the role of government as a third governance approach in addition to Anglo-Saxon and European doctrines by describing how Asian countries have developed container hub ports by investing in infrastructure as social overhead capital to support export-led growth. We survey characteristics and outcomes in major Asian container port developments and one European port in terms of a port development policy. The findings are presented in a comparative overview of government investment in functional elements of port, maritime infrastructure and landside connections to container ports. This paper confirms that the existing two doctrines—Anglo-Saxon and European doctrines—are not sufficient to explain the Asian success in major container port developments. The proposed framework contends that a newly proposed Asian Doctrine can accomplish this with the help of cross-subsidization, strategic and administered port pricing mechanism.     

广西沿海铁路建设双层集装箱通道必要性研究

广西沿海铁路作为大西南的重要出海通道,是防城、钦州、北海等重要沿海港口主要的后方集疏运干线。文章提出了广西沿海铁路开行双层集装箱列车的意义,预测了广西沿海铁路集装箱的运量,从经济与通过能力方面分析了广西沿海铁路开行双层集装箱列车的必要性。     

The container retrieval problem with respect to relocation

The demand for container terminal yards is growing significantly faster than the supply of available land; therefore, containers are typically stacked high to better utilize the land space in container yards. However, in the process of container retrieval, non-productive reshuffling may be required to relocate the containers that are stacked on top of the target container. Container retrieval is directly related to the operational efficiency of terminals. Because the industry has become increasingly competitive, it has become critical to introduce a systematic approach to retrieving containers. In this study, we develop a heuristic that can generate feasible working plans for rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMGC) in container yards to minimize the number of container movements while taking the RMGC working time into consideration. The methodology takes into consideration the case that containers are grouped in terms of their retrieval order. Multi-lift RMGC models also are studied. Comprehensive numerical experiments reveal that the method runs faster than other methods published in the literature by several orders of magnitude; additionally, our method is able to solve instances larger than practical use. The number of movements approaches a theoretical lower bound, and the numerical results clearly demonstrate the tradeoff between the number of movements and the working time, and provide useful insights for yard planning.