大堡礁海域最新航法

就大堡礁海域的航法、潮流、引航情况、注意事项及通过大堡礁海域时的船舶报告制度进行了全面阐述。并将作者本人最近通过大堡礁的体会进行了汇总与介绍,为船舶安全通过大堡礁海域提供了具体详细的参考资料。     

大堡礁和托雷斯海峡航路新变化

大堡礁(Great Barrier Reef)位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰州海岸外,从北部的Cape York(1041S 14232E),向东南延伸到Lady Elliot Island(2407S 15243E),绵延约两千多公里,是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群。托雷斯海峡(Torres Strait)位于约克角半岛和巴布亚新几内亚之间,连接珊瑚海和阿拉弗拉海。由于地理条件的特殊     

Surveillance and Poaching on Inshore Reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

The Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, is managed under the GBR Marine Park Act (1975) and is seen as a shining example of marine resource management. The principle tool of management is zoning for multiple use. We examined surveillance and illegal fishing around two inshore islands (Magnetic and Orpheus) of the GBR Marine Park in 2000/2001. Both islands are near Townsville, the largest city adjacent to the GBR. Surveillance effort was low, with vessels present on only 16% of days of the year. Measurable but low levels of illegal recreational fishing occurred within no-take zones. Levels decreased with increasing surveillance effort. Thus zoning was not completely successful in protecting fish targeted by fisheries, even within the most highly enforced sections of the Park. The expansion of no-take zones in 2004 from 4.6% to 33.4% of the area of the 358,000 km2 Park represents a considerable challenge for future surveillance and enforcement.     

A Systematic method of public use zoning of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park,Australia

Abstract

This paper is an abridged version of a report on the application of a land‐use planning method developed by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) to the task of providing a zoning scheme for a portion of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The approach involves the development of guidelines for making zoning decisions, the development of methods for measuring whether a scheme satisfies these guidelines, and the use of a computer‐aided technique to create successive schemes for evaluation against these guidelines.     

滨州港大堡泊位扩建工程潮流分析

建立了套尔河15 km河段二维潮流数学模型。计算中首先采用天然实测资料对模型进行率定与验证,通过有关参数调整,使模型数值计算成果与天然实测资料达到精度要求。然后通过对河段自然条件下实测潮位、潮流过程进行的模拟,分析了工程区潮流变化特点。随后对泊位扩建工程措施的不同工况条件与潮流的相互影响进行了模拟,分析了各方案的潮流情况,对不同规划方案成果的优劣进行了比较。方案三在新老码头区潮流流向平顺、流速增加、无回流,利于港池稳定;河道宽阔利于船舶进出码头;岸上施工便利,是扩建工程泊位规划的优选方案。为规划设计提供了科学依据。     

石浦港下湾门航道工程潮流数值模拟研究

依据最新的水文实测资料,对石浦港的潮汐潮流特征进行了分析;并建立了基于不规则三角形网格的二维潮流数学模型,根据实测资料对模型进行了验证。在验证的基础上,对下湾门5万t级航道工程(开挖及炸礁通航)实施前后的流场进行了数值模拟计算,根据计算结果对工程前后的潮流特征及其变化进行了分析。研究结果表明:(1)工程海区潮汐属于正规半日潮类型,潮流性质属正规半日潮流型,潮流运动呈往复流形式;(2)岸线走向与涨落潮流走向基本一致;(3)航道总体挖深较小,流速变化很小,并未改变大范围海域潮流运动整体特征;开挖段航道流速呈减小的趋势,深槽水域流速呈增加趋势;(4)炸礁使得口门处航道轴线水域的流场趋于平顺,流向与航道走向基本一致,对周边流场基本没有影响;(5)方案实施后,对潮位变化无影响;下湾门口门处潮量增加,而其他口门潮量降低;(6)航道转弯位置、进港口门以及外海航道处横流较强,其他区段横流较弱。     

厦门双鱼岛游艇码头潮流泥沙数学模型试验研究

文章围绕厦门双鱼岛游艇码头工程方案有关潮流泥沙问题进行了研究。收集并分析了工程附近水域的自然条件,掌握了工程海域水动力及泥沙运动特点和海床冲淤演变特征,在此基础上使用二维潮流泥沙数学模型对开发方案实施后的潮流场、泥沙场、地形冲淤变化开展了数值模拟研究工作。从潮流动力、地形冲淤等方面分析了方案对周边海域水动力的影响。     

曹妃甸挖入式五港池航道与防波堤工程潮流泥沙物理模型试验研究

曹妃甸挖入式五港池建成后,浅滩区被围填或开挖成深水港池,因此港池航道主要是细颗粒泥沙淤积问题,为此通过潮流泥沙物理模型试验对五港池防波堤及航道工程进行研究。试验表明,五港池港区及防波堤建设没有改变深槽水流特性,对曹妃甸海域宏观流场基本没有影响;防波堤方案2和方案3水流条件较好,其中方案3稍优于方案2。泥沙试验表明,港池年平均淤强为0．15m／a左右,年最大回淤厚度为0．5—0．6m/a,各方案差别不大;折线航道年平均淤积强度为0．43m／a,最大为0．69m／a;直线航道年平均淤积强度为0．39m／a,最大为0．55m/a,直线航道要明显优于折线航道。从水流和泥沙试验结果分析,方案3较优,其次为方案2。试验成果为设计方案的选取提供了科学依据。     

河口导堤工程对入海河流纳潮的影响及敏感性分析

以灌河口整治工程为例,采用大范围二维水动力数学模型,从定性、定量两方面分别研究了航道单纯疏浚工程及布置单、双导堤工程(结合疏浚)对潮汐动力为主河口地区入海河流纳潮量的影响,并就导堤高程对纳潮影响进行了探讨。研究结果表明,灌河口航道单纯疏浚工程会增加灌河纳潮量,增设单导堤后纳潮量将会进一步增加,而双导堤工程后,灌河的纳潮量既有可能增加也有可能减少,主要取决于导堤高程。就导堤高程对于灌河纳潮量的影响来说,东导堤高程位于低潮位及涨急附近潮位时最为敏感,而西导堤各级高程都较为敏感。方案比较显示,只要堤顶高程控制合理,灌河口双导堤工程实施以后可以保持灌河纳潮量基本不变。     

温州中心渔港防波堤工程海域潮流数值模拟及底床冲淤计算

分别对温州中心渔港防波堤的3种不同轴线布置、不同长度方案进行了工程前后平面二维潮流场的数值模拟。在此基础上，利用半经验公式，进行了渔港内外底床冲淤计算。根据这些模拟和计算结果，从潮流及地形冲淤角度对防波堤的合理轴线布置和防波堤合理长度进行了分析。     

潮汐能利用的现状与浙江潮汐能的发展前景

浙江省是全国潮汐能丰富的省份之一,潮汐能发电的潜力很大。就潮汐能利用的优缺点及国外潮汐能发电的前景和技术进行论述,并对浙江省潮汐发电的开发研究提出了初步的设想和探讨。     

利用Microsoft Excel求任意时潮高和任意潮高的潮时

随着计算机的发展与普及,利用计算机来解决一些航海导航上的应用计算越来越方便。文章在分析潮汐运动一般规律的基础上,结合当前普遍使用的＂梯形图卡＂计算任意时潮高和任意潮高潮时方法,提出了利用MS offices Excel来完成此类计算的方法,极大地方便了对任意潮时、潮高的计算。     

南汇东滩及浦东国际机场外沿围海造地工程潮流数学模型研究

通过建立长江口、杭州湾大范围平面二维潮流数学模型,综合考虑长江口、杭州湾两大潮波系统,探讨南汇东滩及浦东国际机场外沿圈围工程对附近各关心水域的水动力条件的影响范围及程度。研究结果表明:南汇东滩及浦东国际机场外沿圈围工程后,长江口侧的涨、落潮潮量略有减小,而杭州湾则略有增大。相应的,工程附近海域的潮流流速和潮差也受到工程不同程度的影响。就流速变化而言,涨潮时,南槽主槽流速略有下降,北槽则略有增加,落潮时,南槽主槽流速主要呈现略有增加的趋势,而北槽则基本不变;在杭州湾侧海域,涨、落潮水流流速均略有增加。而潮差方面,在长江口一侧,高桥处潮差略有减小,且呈现出越接近工程区,潮差变率越大的趋势;而在杭州湾一侧水域,潮差整体呈略有增加趋势,但是变率基本都在1%以内。     

钻孔灌注桩在珊瑚礁地质条件下的施工工艺

在珊瑚礁地质条件下,先冲孔穿透珊瑚礁再钻孔施工灌注桩,在国外设备受限的条件下完成了任务,对于工程量不大的项目起到了很好的效果,在类似工程中可以借鉴。     

Site Selection Appraisal for Tidal Turbine Development in the River Mersey

This paper used a specialist software package to produce a detailed model of the River Mersey estuary, which can be subjected to a range of simulated tidal conditions. The aim of this research was to use the validated model to identify the optimal location for the positioning of a tidal turbine. Progress was made identifying a new optimal site for power generation using velocity data produced from simulations conducted using the MIKE 3 software. This process resulted in the identification of site 8, which sits mid-river between the Morpeth Dock and the Albert Dock, being identified as the favoured location for tidal power generation in the River Mersey. Further analysis of the site found that a 17.2-m diameter single rota multidirectional turbine with a 428-kW-rated capacity could produce 1.12 GWh annually.     

马来西亚达道河口潮汐分析

根据实例潮位资料,对达道河口潮位进行潮汐调和计算分析和理论最低潮位计算,得出该河口地区潮汐特征.     

大连长兴岛海域潮流输沙计算分析

海岸动力因子作用下的泥沙运动及其岸滩演变规律，是海洋工程建筑物和海港码头的规划设计、施工及维护中所考虑的重要因素。针对大连市长兴岛海域，某科研所设置了14个测站并获取了各站的潮流流速、流向和合沙量等水文数据，文章利用这些资料对潮流输沙问题进行了专门计算研究，得到了该海域各站大潮、小潮全日单宽输沙率，并得到了相应结论。     

利用乘潮水位航道的通过能力计算

本文分析了潮汐传播过程和船舶航行情况,提出了船舶通过浅滩时,利用乘潮水位航道的通过能力基本计算公式,分析了单支航道和分岔航道的计算方法,并计算了不同航道各种方案的理论通过能力.     

Oceanic CO2 uptake and biogeochemical variability during the formation of the Eastern North Atlantic Central water under two contrasting NAO scenarios

Long-term variability of the biogeochemical properties during the formation of central waters in the Eastern North Atlantic were analyzed between 42–47°N and 10–20°W from the dataset gathered during the Galicia VII (GVII) and C. Darwin 58/59 (CD58/59) cruises. These cruises that showed important changes in the thermohaline properties and the nutrient abundance of the upper layers were carried out under contrasting conditions of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The different climate forcing led a meridional shift of the transition zone between the formation regions of subpolar and subtropical Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACWp and ENACWt, respectively). This displacement conditioned the presence of each ENACW in the study region and so the thermohaline and biogeochemical properties. The effect of the observed variability at decadal scale on the air–sea CO₂ gradient (ΔfCO₂) and exchange (F_CO2) was analyzed using 1D model approach throughout 11 weekly-steps that simulated the development of a spring bloom during the shoaling of the mixed layer. The outputs of the model showed an intensification of the ocean CO₂ uptake due to higher biological CO₂ drawdown, during positive NAO conditions and its weakening under negative NAO influence.     

Warming Seas in the Coral Triangle: Coral Reef Vulnerability and Management Implications

The highest diversity coral reefs in the world, located in the Coral Triangle, are threatened by a variety of local stresses including pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing in addition to climate change impacts, such as increasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), and ocean acidification. As climate change impacts increase, coral reef vulnerability at the ecoregional scale will have an increasingly important influence on conservation management decisions. This project provides the first detailed assessment of past and future climatic stress, thermal variability, and anthropogenic impacts in the Coral Triangle at the ecoregional level, thus incorporating both local (e.g., pollution, development, and overfishing) and global threats (increasing SSTs). The development of marine protected area (MPA) networks across the Coral Triangle is critical for the region to address these threats. Specific management recommendations are defined for MPA networks based on the levels of vulnerability to thermal and local stress. For example, coral reef regions with potentially low vulnerability to thermal stress may be priorities for establishment of MPA networks, whereas high vulnerability regions may require selection and design principles aimed at building resilience to climate change. The identification of climate and other human threats to coral reef systems and ecoregions can help conservation practitioners prioritize management responses to address these threats and identify gaps in MPA networks or other management mechanisms (e.g., integrated coastal management).