集装箱船舱口角隅疲劳强度校核的简化方法

本文比较分析了GL和ABS规范中给出的集装箱船舱口角隅疲劳强度校核方法，并对影响疲劳强度评定结果的主要因素S－N曲线、长期应力范围Weibull分布形状参数，以及设计应用范围计算方法等作了讨论，最后给出了一个算例。     

集装箱船舶舱口角隅度疲劳强度校核的简化方法

作者比较分析了GL和ABS规范中，给出的集装箱船舱口角隅疲劳强度校核的方法。并讨论了影响舱口角隅疲劳强度评定结果的主要因素是S—N曲线、长期应力范围分布参数、设计应用范围计算方法等因素；最后给出算例作说明。     

基于等效设计波的船体结构疲劳强度许用应力法

文章总结了中国船级社疲劳强度评估方法中的许用应力范围方法.该方法用10种主要载荷控制参数下的等效设计波作为基本的计算载荷工况,通过基本计算载荷工况进行组合后求解疲劳应力范围.推导了疲劳许用应力范围计算公式和不同概率水平下疲劳应力的转换关系.对不同S-N曲线形式的许用应力范围进行了讨论,给出了中国船级社疲劳强度许用应力范围表格.用实例进行了验证.     

采用简化方法的船体结构疲劳强度校核

本文介绍用简化方法进行船体结构疲劳强度校核的基本原理。这一方法已为中国船级社近期编制的《船体结构疲劳强度指南》所采纳。文中介绍了疲劳载荷的计算,疲劳应力的计算及疲劳累积损伤的计算,并给出例题说明这一方法的具体应用。     

导管架式海上风机基础频域疲劳分析

海上风机基础长期受到环境载荷作用，其管节点、过渡段等薄弱部位易产生疲劳破坏，需进行疲劳强度校核。通过有限元软件建立结构模型，参考DNVGL-RP-C203划分结构有限元网格。由AQWA计算波浪载荷，Bladed计算风机气动载荷，使用APDL命令流快速加载、求解并读取结构应力。采用谱分析方法计算载荷单独作用下的结构应力谱，使用谱叠加原理计算风浪同时作用下的结构应力谱，采用Dirlik解析式计算疲劳寿命，完成疲劳校核，并给出优化建议。     

8 530 TEU大型集装箱船船中货舱区舱口角隅疲劳强度校核

集装箱船货舱区舱口角隅疲劳强度校核是集装箱船强度分析的重要内容之一,该文选择沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司即将建造的8 530 TEU集装箱船船中No.5货舱区Fr181处角隅作为疲劳强度分析对象.基于设计波法,选择全球航行海域波浪散布图进行波浪诱导载荷长期预报,获得四种典型的波浪载荷参数,然后在一个波浪循环内每隔30°取一相位,计算了其中三种最典型波浪载荷工况下上甲板角隅边缘和舱口围板角隅边缘的热点应力,确定最大应力范围及其位置,最后基于S-N曲线法进行疲劳强度校核.     

破冰船结构冰致疲劳计算方法

针对破冰船冰致疲劳强度的问题,提出一种基于长时历计算的船冰碰撞模拟方法,通过船冰碰撞有限元模拟筛选出疲劳热点,运用雨流计数法对各个疲劳热点的应力时历曲线进行统计,得出应力循环下的均值和范围,进行平均应力修正,结合Miner线性累积损伤理论给出在设计寿命周期内的总损伤.结果表明:采用周期性介质分析方法计算到600s时破冰船应力时历统计特性已经稳定,且满足Weibull分布;船冰碰撞所造成的高应力结构多发生在船体外板区域,进行破冰船疲劳强度校核时应该多着重考虑船体结构与海冰发生碰撞的外板区域.     

舷外海水动压力和货物压力非对称特性的讨论

舷外海水和舱内货物对舷侧和船底结构的动压力是船体承受的非常重要的疲劳载荷。在船体结构疲劳强度校核中,为合理选择校核点并准确计算疲劳损伤,必须掌握其变动范围及其分布形式。由于液体压力和货物压力的单向性质,舷外海水动压力和货物舱内压力的变动是非对称的。文中讨论了舷外海水动压力和舱内货物压力的非对称特性,在此基础上给出了舷外海水动压力范围和舱内货物压力的定义,指出了舷外海水动压力范围最大值出现的位置。     

LNG船的疲劳强度计算与分析

本文基于S—N曲线法的疲劳累积损伤度原理，根据中国船级社(CCS)和挪威船级社(DNV)的船体结构疲劳强度指南，采用名义应力的疲劳计算方法，对一艘150000m^3LNG船进行了疲劳强度校核，对计算结果进行了分析，并提出了合理的建议。     

双体水翼船水翼连接结构分析

本文从结构静力响应出发，将双体水翼船水翼及支柱简化成力学模型，用有限元法计算水翼及支柱的应力，校核其强度及稳定性，并给出了水翼、船体与支柱的连接形式。     

腐蚀疲劳点蚀演化及腐蚀疲劳裂纹成核机制研究

作为一种不可逆的热力学过程,腐蚀疲劳的点蚀演化伴随着体系能量的耗散。文章基于热力学原理,对腐蚀疲劳点蚀演化过程中的能量问题进行探索性研究。引入双变量点蚀模型,建立点蚀演化过程中体系热力学势函数,推导了点蚀形状参数在演化过程中的变化方程,并分析了体系应变能、表面能和电化学能对点蚀演化形貌的影响机制及规律。根据裂纹成核位错机理建立了腐蚀疲劳裂纹成核临界条件的能量准则,并与应力强度因子准则进行比较,分析结果验证了能量准则的合理性。     

基于ANSYS和Certon-Dolan理论分析估计疲劳寿命的方法

依据累积疲劳损伤法-迈纳(Miner)法和应力寿命曲线(S-N)推导变幅多级载荷下等效应力及强度判据公式;结合ANSYS有限元分析软件和柯顿-多兰(Certon-Dolan)理论,通过APDL(Ansys Pa- rameter Design Language)参数化建模,分析出不同载荷下应力集中的部位,将有限元网格划分的危险部位节点单元的应力值取出,代入理论公式估算疲劳寿命,具体分析多级载荷加载次序对疲劳寿命的影响,比较Miner方法和Certon-Dolan方法优劣,并提供设计参考数据和理论判据。     

Fatigue crack growth behaviour of A5083 series aluminium alloys and their welded joints

We investigated the difference in fatigue behaviour between the aluminium alloys A5083-O and A5083-H321, which are used as structural components in ships and high speed craft. We obtained S–N curves for the base materials and the welded joints made of A5083-O. The relationships between the fatigue crack propagation rates and the stress intensity factor ranges ΔK, ΔK _eff and ΔK _RPG (Toyosada et al. in Int J Fatigue 26(9):983–992, 2004) were determined. Additionally, the evolution of fatigue crack growth for the base materials and the welded joints made of A5083-O was measured. We also carried out numerical simulations of fatigue crack growth for both base metals and their welded joints made of A5083-O. The difference in fatigue crack growth behaviour for each alloy and the validity of the numerical simulations of fatigue crack growth based on the RPG stress criterion (Toyosada et al. 2004) in the base materials and their welded joints was investigated.     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under biaxial tensile loadings with phase differences

Fatigue crack propagation under the biaxial tensile loading, which loading directions are normal and parallel to the initial crack position, is highlighted in this study. Most of in-service structures and vessels are subjected to many types of loading. Generally, these loadings have different axial components with different phases. However, the structural integrities of structures and vessels are evaluated according to design codes based on theoretical and experimental investigations under a uniaxial loading condition. Most of these codes are based on the S–N curves approach. An approach that does not use S–N curves has been favored by researchers, with the fracture mechanics approach preferred for evaluating the fatigue life of structures. An advanced fracture mechanics approach was developed based on the Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating (RPG) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation. In this study, fatigue crack propagation tests under biaxial loading with six different phase and loading conditions are performed and the effect of the phase difference under biaxial loading is evaluated. A numerical simulation method of fatigue crack propagation based on the RPG stress criterion under different biaxial loading phase conditions is presented and compared to measured data.     

大型散货船结构节点疲劳寿命的分析计算

根据应力幅长期分布的Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布假设及结构材料疲劳的Ｓ－Ｎ曲线和线性累积损伤Ｍｉｎｅｒ准则，使用数值分析与解析相结合的混合法对３４０００ＤＷＴ大潮型散货船结构进行了分析计算，结果令人满意，证实本文介绍的方法解决船体结构在疲劳载荷作用下疲劳寿命估算的实用方法。     

Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions

Fatigue crack propagation behavior under superimposed stress histories containing different frequency components with several mean stress conditions was investigated. Numerical simulation of fatigue crack propagation based on an advanced fracture mechanics approach using the RPG (Re-tensile Plastic zone Generating) stress criterion for fatigue crack propagation was improved to extract the effective part from the applied stress history for fatigue crack propagation. The parameter, which is based on the plastic hysteresis energy consumed in the vicinity of a crack tip, was applied and implemented into the numerical simulation code of fatigue crack propagation. Fatigue crack propagation tests under various superimposed stress conditions with several mean stress conditions were performed and compared with the fatigue crack propagation histories obtained from the improved numerical simulations. These comparisons show the validity of the proposed procedure for extracting the effective stress history from the superimposed stress histories with different frequency components and mean stresses. Additionally, practical fatigue strength evaluations based on the linear cumulative fatigue damage parameter were conducted to investigate the tendency of the fatigue damage value under these stress conditions.     

船体结构在非线性波浪载荷作用下疲劳累积损伤计算

本文通过对非线性波浪弯矩循环所产生应力的雨流计数、独立性检验、线性回归显著性检验、方差齐性（Ｂａｒｔｌｅｔｔ）检验以及分布拟合和分布拟合检验,表明应力范围和平均应力相互不独立,且线性相关。应力范围的边缘分布可认为是Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,平均应力在应力范围为一定值时的条件概率分布为正态分布,且其方差是齐性的。然后利用Ｇｏｏｄｍａｎ修正公式,引入影响船舶结构疲劳损伤计算的平均应力影响因子及其近似计算公式。     

Adaptive approximation in multi-objective optimization for full stochastic fatigue design problem

As the size of ship has grown rapidly, the importance of exact fatigue strength assessment has been recognized more and more. High concern about fatigue crack often raises target fatigue life to two or three times of ship lifetime. This leads to the use of very thick plates to reduce dynamic stress range or the application of weld toe grinding to reduce stress concentration or removing weld defects. However, such measures can cause some troubles in fabrication process. As a fatigue strength assessment procedure, full stochastic fatigue analysis based on wave loads analysis has been recommended due to its high accuracy and straightforward approach. However, its huge computing time hinders a ship designer from making iterative explorations for a better design to minimize the use of aforementioned measures.This paper proposes an efficient approach to optimize plate thicknesses around hot spots and the applications of weld toe grinding with meeting the required target fatigue life based on the full stochastic fatigue assessment. Two conflicting objectives are taken into consideration; to minimize steel weight and to minimize total weld toe grinding length. Whether to employ weld toe grinding or not for a hot spot can be seen as a selection variable. In order to treat such selection variables along with continuous variables in the multi-objective optimization, Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is introduced. This paper also employs adaptive approximation framework to resolve the computational burden of the full stochastic fatigue analysis in the optimization. The strategy to refit approximations iteratively can minimize the required number of analysis. A convergence criterion of the adaptive approximation framework is newly proposed considering the feature of discrete objective function attributed to the introduction of selection variables. One of the objective functions, toe grinding length, is purely depending on how many hot spots toe grindings are applied to. The proposed approach is applied to a liquid dome opening problem of LNG carrier, which is known as one of the most difficult parts to satisfy required fatigue strength due to the stress concentration caused by its large opening and weld attachments on upper deck.     

船底板架重量的优化

本文以某一货船的底部板架作力参考板架,进行重量优化,探讨了纵桁数目、肋板数目、许用应力、纵桁位置等因素对板架最小重量的影响,对约40个板架设计作了优化计算。在文中采用了新的板架计算方法和新的非线性规划方法。计算表明,对板架的最小重量存在着最佳的纵桁数目和最佳的肋板数目,而设计应力稍加提高,有可能节省较多的重量。