来自凯米拉的新生物膜控制战略

良好的纸机运行性能并不是指消除纸机表面污染中并不起作用的游离微生物，而是指通过控制生物膜中的微生物来保持表面洁净。专业的生物膜测试可以保证所要控制的目标微生物是正确的，并且采用的杀菌剂也是合适的。[编者按]     

旋挖钻机的施工工艺控制及应用

旋挖钻机是目前国内钻孔灌注桩工程施工中广泛使用的钻孔机械,具有高效、高质、节能、环保、低成本、适应地层较广泛等优点。介绍旋挖钻机的工作原理及施工工艺,并对旋挖钻机施工中的质量控制及应用进行分析。     

通过有效的材料和渗碳件的工艺控制改善产品质量

为更严格控制热处理规格尺寸的需要，要求对影响渗层深度和心部硬度的变量进行研究和更好的控制，本文探讨了渗碳时间、温度、碳势、钢的淬透性范围和冷却速度等关键参数的重要性。为了保持最严密合理的渗层深度范围，提供了试验淬火数据补充计算和建议，     

Integrated control of ground vehicles dynamics via advanced terminal sliding mode control

An integrated vehicle dynamics control (IVDC) algorithm, developed for improving vehicle handling and stability under critical lateral motions, is discussed in this paper. The IVDC system utilises integral and nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control strategies and coordinates active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw moment control (DYC) systems. When the vehicle is in the normal driving situation, the AFS system provides handling enhancement. If the vehicle reaches its handling limit, both AFS and DYC are then integrated to ensure the vehicle stability. The major contribution of this paper is in improving the transient response of the vehicle yaw rate and sideslip angle tracking controllers by implementing advanced types of sliding mode strategies, namely integral terminal sliding mode and NFTSM, in the IVDC system. Simulation results demonstrate that the developed control algorithm for the IVDC system not only has strong robustness against uncertainties but also improves the transient response of the control system.     

智能网联车辆交通流优化对交通安全的改善

为改善常规驾驶车辆交通流追尾碰撞交通安全状况,提出智能网联车辆（Connected and Automated Vehicles,CAV）与常规车辆构成的混合交通流车队稳定性优化控制方法。基于全速度差模型,应用集成速度与加速度的多前车反馈构建CAV跟驰模型,考虑CAV混合交通流车辆空间分布的随机性,将各类型局部车队稳定性作为优化目标,以局部车队头车速度扰动为系统输入,以尾车速度扰动为系统输出,应用经典控制理论领域的传递函数法推导局部车队稳定性约束条件;分析关于平衡态速度与CAV反馈系数的车队稳定域,以各类型局部车队能够在任意平衡态速度下均稳定为控制目标,对CAV反馈系数输出进行优化控制;设计高速公路上匝道交通瓶颈数值仿真试验,在不同CAV比例等多种条件下,分析CAV混合交通流优化控制对交通流车辆追尾碰撞风险的影响。研究结果表明：CAV混合交通流优化控制可降低车辆追尾碰撞风险,在碰撞时间阈值小于2 s时,100%比例的CAV交通流可将交通流的车辆追尾碰撞风险降低85.81%以上;在碰撞时间阈值大于2 s时,追尾碰撞风险可降低48.22%～78.80%。所提优化控制方法可有效降低CAV车队优化控制的复杂性,为大规模CAV背景下的混合交通流优化控制以及车辆追尾碰撞交通安全提升策略提供直接理论参考。     

Vehicle yaw stability control using active limited-slip differential via model predictive control methods

In this paper, the problem of vehicle yaw control using an active limited-slip differential (ALSD) applied on the rear axle is addressed. The controller objective is to minimise yaw-rate and body slip-angle errors, with respect to target values. A novel model predictive controller is designed, using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) vehicle model, which takes into account the ALSD dynamics and its constraints. The controller is simulated using a 10DOF Matlab/Simulink simulation model and a CarSim model. These simulations exemplify the controller yaw-rate and slip-angle tracking performances, under challenging manoeuvres and road conditions. The model predictive controller performances surpass those of a reference sliding mode controller, and can narrow the loss of performances due to the ALSD's inability to transfer torque regardless of driving conditions.     

Simplified and advanced modelling of traction control systems of heavy-haul locomotives

Improving tractive effort is a very complex task in locomotive design. It requires the development of not only mechanical systems but also power systems, traction machines and traction algorithms. At the initial design stage, traction algorithms can be verified by means of a simulation approach. A simple single wheelset simulation approach is not sufficient because all locomotive dynamics are not fully taken into consideration. Given that many traction control strategies exist, the best solution is to use more advanced approaches for such studies. This paper describes the modelling of a locomotive with a bogie traction control strategy based on a co-simulation approach in order to deliver more accurate results. The simplified and advanced modelling approaches of a locomotive electric power system are compared in this paper in order to answer a fundamental question. What level of modelling complexity is necessary for the investigation of the dynamic behaviours of a heavy-haul locomotive running under traction? The simulation results obtained provide some recommendations on simulation processes and the further implementation of advanced and simplified modelling approaches.     

Pedaling torque sensor-less power assist control of an electric bike via model-based impedance control

This paper proposes a method to assist human force acting on electric bike without using costly torque sensors via a model-based impedance control technique. In general, electric bikes are classified into two categories, i.e., pedelec electric bikes and throttle electric bikes. We focus on the system called a pedelec electric bike. It assists human pedaling force using the pedaling information, e.g., pedaling force or speed. To obtain the human’s pedaling information in real-time, it needs physical sensors such as a torque sensor and a velocity sensor. But, these sensors are expensive and weak against external loads. Also, since these sensors are fixed directly to the forced component in a bike system, there are the risks of damage. For these reasons, sensor-less control methods based on a disturbance observer have been studied so far. In this paper, we have proposed a pedaling torque sensor-less power assist method and have applied it to the experimental pedelec electric bike. A power assist control algorithm, designed by employing an impedance model, consists of a PI-type feedback controller, an inverse model-based feedforward controller, and a pedaling torque observer. Finally, we performed experiments and confirmed the effectiveness of a proposed power assist control method.     

Brushless PM machine drive in electric and hybrid electric vehicles based on the space vector current control

This paper presents a space vector current controller for a brushless permanent magnet motor in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed current controller selects space vectors based on the sector selection under a three-level hysteresis comparator to decrease the current ripple. The proposed approach can improve the performance of a brushless PM drive such as the average switching frequency and the total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with the conventional hysteresis current control. The experiment is performed first to verify the proposed control. Then, the method is implemented in a hybrid electric vehicle simulation model with standard driving cycles based on the control strategy to evaluate the drive performance in the vehicle system. The experimental and simulation results indicate that the presented control can improve the performance of the brushless PM machine drive.     

Improving multi-channel wave-based V2X communication to support advanced driver assistance system (ADAS)

The advent of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has opened the opportunity to design advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that collect information from sensors in neighboring vehicles and roadside infrastructure. IEEE and ETSI have designed network protocol standards for V2X communications. Despite the differences between the vehicular wireless communication architecture defined by ETSI and the IEEE protocol stack, the two standards have multichannel operations as a main commonality, with some channels dedicated to safety-critical applications and others to nonsafety services. Some recent studies have demonstrated that these standards might not provide sufficient channel utilization for reliable exchange of information in mid- and heavily congested scenarios. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the performance of a driver-assistance system to reduce the connectivity gaps between vehicles and roadside units (RSUs). This cooperative system of multi-service channel allocation will improve radio channel utilization. We also show that the required latency for this inter-vehicle communication can be obtained using the IEEE-WAVE standards and dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) proposed for vehicular environments. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the average throughput by up to 15 % in various traffic density conditions compared with the dynamic channel allocation method.     

The perspectives of research for enhancing active safety based on advanced control technology

This paper considers the scope and the methodologies for enhancing active safety of road vehicles by sensing and control technologies. The first part of this paper introduces statistical data of traffic accidents in Japan, and describes the development of the drive recorder for accident/incident survey and analysis. Based on vehicle dynamics data, the algorithm of the drive recorder for capturing near-miss incident data is introduced. The second part of this paper reviews control problems of vehicle dynamics on micro-scale electric vehicles for enhancing vehicle dynamics and driving assistance function. In particular, the direct yaw moment control using in-wheel-motors and the active front steering control algorithm are described. The third part of the paper introduces the advanced driver assistance system adapted to driver characteristics and traffic situations. This part mainly describes an adaptive system, which adjusts the assisting manoeuvre depending on individual driver behaviour and situation, and some experimental investigations using the active interface vehicle and driving simulator. Finally, some perspectives and new challenges for future research on vehicle control technology are mentioned.     

Nonlinear adaptive sliding mode control for vehicle handling improvement via steer-by-wire

This paper proposes a nonlinear adaptive sliding mode control that aims to improve vehicle handling through a Steer-By-Wire system. The designed sliding mode control, which is insensitive to system uncertainties, offers an adaptive sliding gain to eliminate the precise determination of the bound of uncertainties. The sliding gain value is calculated using a simple adaptation algorithm that does not require extensive computational load. Achieving the improved handling characteristics requires both accurate state estimation and well-controlled steering inputs from the Steer-By-Wire system. A second order sliding mode observer provides accurate estimation of lateral and longitudinal velocities while the driver steering angle and yaw rate are available from the automotive sensors. A complete stability analysis based on Lyapunov theory has been presented to guarantee closed loop stability. The simulation results confirmed that the proposed adaptive robust controller not only improves vehicle handling performance but also reduces the chattering problem in the presence of uncertainties in tire cornering stiffness.     

浅谈提高城市快速路下立交防汛排水系统能力

近些年来,全国多地暴雨频发,下立交作为城市快速路结构形式的一种,受到暴雨侵袭容易产生积水,严重时可能危及驾乘人员生命。如何提高下立交泵站防汛能力,确保设备运行正常、排水顺畅,保障车辆正常通行,人员生命安全,是摆在所有道路管理人员面前的重要任务。从快速路下立交泵站可能存在的隐患入手,通过排水系统综合治理及探索科技化、信息化等多种技术手段,提高下立交抗汛能力。