基于功能安全的商用车电动助力转向系统设计与验证

汽车电动助力转向（EPS）系统是根据车辆转向助力控制信号和执行端响应驾驶转向请求,实时计算车辆在各种行驶路况下的最佳转向助力参数的控制系统。基于车辆功能安全标准开展 EPS 系统的功能安全开发,可以降低 EPS 系统本身的故障率,提高车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性。提出了一种针对某商用车 EPS 系统的功能安全设计方法,并通过故障注入测试,验证了该设计方法的正确性和有效性。结果表明：按照车辆功能安全标准开发的 EPS 系 统可以有效识别和规避因系统性失效而导致的 EPS 异常现象,提高车辆行驶横向稳定性。所提出的设计方法可为其他车型的 EPS 系统功能安全设计及验证提供参考。     

商用汽车EPS系统回正控制策略的仿真研究

针对商用汽车电动助力转向（EPS）系统中存在的车辆低速行驶时转向回正不足而高速行驶时又容易出现回正超调的现象,提出了一种模糊控制策略,该控制策略可以根据车速和转向盘转角之间的变化关系自动调整回正力矩的大小。仿真结果表明在回正控制中,采用模糊控制策略能有效改善车辆低速时的回正性,抑制车辆在高速时的回正超调现象。     

汽车防碰撞系统

本文主要阐述了汽车防碰撞系统的设计思想、主要装置和工作原理。汽车防碰撞系统可以使汽车在高速行驶过程中，当运行前方的障碍物对汽车构成危险时，该系统能够自动切断发动机动力，迅速降低车速，同时自动采取制动措施，防止车辆在行驶过程中发生碰撞，从而增强了汽车的主动安全性，减少了交通事故的发生。     

一种机械式四轮转向系统性能分析

现有汽车的四轮转向装置结构复杂成本高昂,不适合在整车轻便且平价的民众车型上使用。文章提出一种基于飞锤离心装置控制的机械式汽车四轮转向系统,该系统利用飞锤感应车速,在低速行驶时实现前后轮反向偏转以减小汽车转向半径,中速行驶转向时后轮不辅助转向,高速行驶转向时前后轮同向偏转进而提高行驶稳定性,不同车速下后轮辅助转向幅度逐渐变化,无级调节,使具有该系统的汽车在日益复杂的交通状况下更加灵活和稳定。通过对该系统进行仿真验证,得到了预期的运算结果。     

基于LabVIEW的自动驾驶汽车在线振动监测与诊断系统

为了提高自动驾驶汽车在道路测试中的安全性,基于LabVIEW设计了一种自动驾驶汽车在线振动监测与诊断系统。该系统通过上位机与驾驶机器人通信,获取车辆运行状态数据,同时对自动驾驶车辆的振动在线监测,最后结合车辆振动数据和状态信息进行在线诊断,开发了监测与诊断界面,实现了自动驾驶汽车在道路测试行驶过程中的振动在线监测与诊断。     

车辆自动驾驶系统纵向和横向运动综合控制

为提高车辆自动驾驶系统的运动性能,基于模糊逻辑和滑模控制理论设计了一种车辆纵向和横向运动综合控制系统。该控制系统通过对前轮转向角度、发动机节气门开度、制动液压及主动横摆力矩进行协调控制,使车辆能够以期望速度在理想道路轨迹上行驶,并提高车辆在行驶过程中的操纵稳定性。仿真结果表明:纵向和横向运动综合控制系统能够提高车辆在不同行驶工况下的跟踪性能和运动性能,在车辆自动驾驶过程中是有效的。     

汽车ESP模糊自适应控制

基于模糊控制理论设计了一种模糊自适应ESP控制器,该控制器可根据反馈的车辆状态信息自动适应车速和路面附着系数的变化.采用Matlab/Smulink建立了14自由度车辆模型和控制器模型,考虑了轮胎的非线性特性对汽车转向特性与行驶稳定性的影响.仿真结果表明,该控制器能够提高汽车在高速或光滑路面上的操纵稳定性,有较强的适应性和鲁棒性.     

汽车转向技术发展综述

汽车转向系统是驾驶员控制汽车行驶的重要机构,对汽车的行驶安全至关重要。文中从传统的机械式转向出发,详细阐述了助力转向、电控转向及线控转向技术在车辆上的应用及发展趋势。     

基于超声波的高速公路防倒车作弊装置设计

高速公路无人值守自动发卡系统存在缺陷,作弊车辆有机会盗取通行卡。文中分析了现有设计的不足,针对取卡车辆倒车装置重复取卡的作弊方式,设计了一种基于2个超声波测距传感器的车辆行驶方向检测装置。该装置通过单片机判断传感器信号变化的时序检测车辆的行驶方向;通过继电器与串口接入发卡系统,对原有系统改动极小。试验结果显示该装置可有效检测车辆行驶方向,阻止倒车作弊行为。     

基于STC15W402AS单片机的汽车电笛设计

采用性价比很高的STC15W402AS单片机设计汽车电子电笛系统,其音量和音调能够根据车辆的行驶速度和路况自动调节。该系统由热释电红外传感器检测车辆附近行人情况;由车速传感器检测车辆行驶速度;由STC15W402AS单片机根据上述情况自动调节PWM的占空比;由开关功率放大器放大单片机输出PWM脉冲,推动高音扬声器发出适合的电笛信号。结果表明,该系统降低了噪声污染,节省了电能。     

汽车外后视镜镜面转向器性能测试机系统设计

随着社会的不断发展,汽车已经走进了千家万户,外后视镜作为汽车驾驶员观察后方情况的重要部件,但由于驾驶员身高、驾驶习惯等因素,需要对外后视镜的镜面角度进行调整。因此,需要对镜面转向器的性能进行测试。亟需一种外后视镜镜面转向器性能测试机,本文提出了一种通用的汽车外后视镜镜面转向器性能测试机系统设计方法。     

汽车转向系统十字轴万向节传动优化设计

转向力是汽车操纵稳定性中一项重要的评价指标,其力矩波动直接影响驾驶感觉。文章对汽车转向轴的布置与力矩波动的关系进行了分析,并针对某车型转向系统的十字轴万向节结构进行优化设计。优化结果在matlab软件里仿真,得到较好的结果,波动力矩在允许的范围内。并得出最佳的中间轴相位角及轴系布置方案,对转向系统的优化设计有一定的参考价值,可作为实际车型开发中传动优化设计的技术依据。     

浅谈智能驾驶对转向系统的发展影响

随着汽车及零部件行业的飞速发展,助力转向系统技术也得到了飞速发展和更新换代,从最初的机械助力转向,到液压助力转向,再到电动助力转向系统.尤其是随着当前汽车行业智能驾驶和车联网的发展,电动助力转向系统的高级功能开发和技术进一步提速,通过冗余设计从而来支持整车自动驾驶技术.     

Advanced emergency braking under split friction conditions and the influence of a destabilising steering wheel torque

The steering system in most heavy trucks is such that it causes a destabilising steering wheel torque when braking on split friction, that is, different friction levels on the two sides of the vehicle. Moreover, advanced emergency braking systems are now mandatory in most heavy trucks, making vehicle-induced split friction braking possible. This imposes higher demands on understanding how the destabilising steering wheel torque affects the driver, which is the focus here. Firstly, an experiment has been carried out involving 24 subjects all driving a truck where automatic split friction braking was emulated. Secondly, an existing driver–vehicle model has been adapted and implemented to improve understanding of the observed outcome. A common conclusion drawn, after analysing results, is that the destabilising steering wheel torque only has a small effect on the motion of the vehicle. The underlying reason is a relatively slow ramp up of the disturbance in comparison to the observed cognitive delay amongst subjects; also the magnitude is low and initially suppressed by passive driver properties.     

New approaches to enhance active steering system functionalities: preliminary results

An important development of the steering systems in general is active steering systems like active front steering and steer-by-wire systems. In this paper the current functional possibilities in application of active steering systems are explored. A new approach and additional functionalities are presented that can be implemented to the active steering systems without additional hardware such as new sensors and electronic control units. Commercial active steering systems are controlling the steering angle depending on the driving situation only. This paper introduce methods for enhancing active steering system functionalities depending not only on the driving situation but also vehicle parameters like vehicle mass, tyre and road condition. In this regard, adaptation of the steering ratio as a function of above mentioned vehicle parameters is presented with examples. With some selected vehicle parameter changes, the reduction of the undesired influences on vehicle dynamics of these parameter changes has been demonstrated theoretically with simulations and with real-time driving measurements.     

Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

基于功能安全的分布式驱动电动汽车前轮失效补偿控制

分布式驱动电动汽车可以实现四轮转矩分配和差动转向,提升整车的动力学控制性能和经济性,但是四轮转矩独立可控的特点也对功能安全提出挑战.当前轮单侧电机出现执行器故障失效情况时,不仅会产生附加横摆力矩降低车辆安全性,差动转向功能的存在还会使车辆严重偏航.基于此,在设计分布式驱动-线控转向一体化底盘的基础上,基于功能安全提出一...     

四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。     

Worst-case scenario development based on Sine with Dwell test and evaluation for vehicle dynamics controller in UCC HILS

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle systems for all possible dynamic situations, including the worst case scenarios such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with Dwell steering maneuvers have been applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they are not enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst case scenarios, including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case scenarios based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for the vehicle dynamic controller in a simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle was selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case scenario to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.     

A path-following driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics,including measured and simulated responses to a step in steering angle overlay

An existing driver–vehicle model with neuromuscular dynamics is improved in the areas of cognitive delay, intrinsic muscle dynamics and alpha–gamma co-activation. The model is used to investigate the influence of steering torque feedback and neuromuscular dynamics on the vehicle response to lateral force disturbances. When steering torque feedback is present, it is found that the longitudinal position of the lateral disturbance has a significant influence on whether the driver’s reflex response reinforces or attenuates the effect of the disturbance. The response to angle and torque overlay inputs to the steering system is also investigated. The presence of the steering torque feedback reduced the disturbing effect of torque overlay and angle overlay inputs. Reflex action reduced the disturbing effect of a torque overlay input, but increased the disturbing effect of an angle overlay input. Experiments on a driving simulator showed that measured handwheel angle response to an angle overlay input was consistent with the response predicted by the model with reflex action. However, there was significant intra- and inter-subject variability. The results highlight the significance of a driver’s neuromuscular dynamics in determining the vehicle response to disturbances.