基于BP神经网络的船舶主机能效状态评估

[目的]在船舶航行期间,需要通过分析船舶和主机的运行参数来客观判断主机当前的工作情况,从而准确评估主机的能效状态。[方法]以状态良好的船舶运行记录为样本,结合主成分分析法和BP神经网络算法,构建船舶的航行状态识别模型和主机油耗模型,并在船舶航行期间对船舶实时运行参数进行分析,得出船舶主机在当前工况下的油耗量正常值。以某30万吨级远洋散货船为例开展模型计算验证,将正常油耗值与实际油耗值进行对比,以二者的残差值为依据,进而评估当前的主机能效状态。[结果]计算结果显示,航行状态识别模型的正确率为98.05%,油耗模型的平均误差为3.47%,2种模型的可靠性均较高。[结论]研究成果可为智能船舶的能效管理提供一定的参考。     

基于人工蜂群算法的船舶航速优化

航速优化是船舶智能能效管理的主要组成部分,对降低船舶营运成本、减少温室气体排放具有重要意义。为减少船舶航行时的主机燃油消耗,根据实船数据首先构建了主机油耗模型,模型的平均误差仅为0.813%,然后对整个航程进行分段,基于人工蜂群算法对整个航程的航速进行优化。经过验证可得结论：优化后的航速对应的整个航程航行时间减少了14.44%,油耗量降低了3.012%。研究结果表明,使用人工蜂群算法对航速进行优化,能够对航速提出建议,达到提高船舶能效水平,提高经济性、环保性的目标。     

基于人工神经网络的船舶油耗模型

针对船舶能效管理计划SEEMP的实施需求,寻求建立油耗模型的通用方法,为航行优化提供决策基础。以丹麦籍客滚轮MS Smyril号作为研究案例,对船舶实测运行数据进行了分析和预处理,并采用人工神经网络构建了船舶油耗和航速的黑箱模型。基于实测数据与模型预测数据的对比,验证了上述油耗模型的准确性和实用性,对于提高船舶能效运行指数EEOI具有重要意义。     

Energy efficiency optimization analysis of fuel cell/lithium battery hybrid ship based on whale optimization algorithm北大核心CSCD

[目的]为提升船舶的能源利用率,对多因素影响下的燃料电池/锂电池混合动力船舶能效优化方法进行分析。[方法]基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的能效仿真模型,研究通航环境要素对船舶能效的影响。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,提出基于模糊逻辑的功率分配策略,以优化系统能量流动。然后在此基础上,以系统总能耗最低为优化目标,建立考虑多因素的船舶航速非线性优化模型,采用鲸鱼优化算法开展优化模型动态寻优,并进行不同航行方法和航行时间约束下的能效优化分析。[结果]结果显示,在总航行时间不变的情况下,采用所提的考虑多因素的船舶能效优化方法可以降低船舶5.04%的总能耗和13.16%的燃料电池氢气总消耗。[结论]所述方法对船舶节能减排具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶续航力和经济性具有重要意义。     

航行控制算法的智能评估架构设计

控制算法测试验证评估是确保智能船舶航行性能可靠性和安全性的关键。本文梳理了国内外智能评估技术的发展现状,以Transas船舶航行模拟器为船舶智能航行虚拟测试平台,进行航行控制算法测试评估。根据船舶直线段和弯曲段航行特征建立评估指标,提出航行控制算法智能评估系统的设计思路、框架结构和构建流程,初步建立虚拟仿真测试下的船舶航行控制算法智能评估体系,指出该智能评估系统所涉及的关键技术。基于以上研究,对船舶航行控制算法虚拟测试评估技术和未来改进方向进行总结。     

“双碳”背景下的船舶主机能效数据分析

在“双碳”背景下,为探究船舶航行中各因素对船舶主机能效的影响,文章利用SPSS软件对主机能效、航行环境、航行姿态等初始数据进行清理分析。采用主成分分析法,根据总变量主成分解释和碎石图提取3个主成分反映原变量信息。再通过系统聚类利用离差平方和（Ward）法对目标船能效数据进行聚类,得到各参数的聚类数,用K均值（K-means）聚类法进行聚类得到船舶航行中各参数的聚类中心,对轴功率、转速及油耗进行Epanechnikov拟合,得到相互关系曲线。该方法对船舶主机能效数据挖掘具有普遍适用性,可为智能能效管理和评估提供辅助决策。     

船舶编队过闸航行三维实时仿真

多船编队自动协同过闸是一种能深入挖掘船闸通航潜能、保障航行安全的航运新模式。为评估和验证船舶编队过闸航行控制效果,研发了一种船舶编队过闸航行三维实时仿真系统。首先,设计了船舶编队过闸航行三维仿真系统分布式架构,结合船闸水域卫星图并利用映射技术构建了船闸水域场景地形,制作了基于Unity的船闸水域三维仿真静态和动态场景。其次,采用动态和静态模型相结合方式构建了船闸运行系统,并根据船舶自身尺度和船闸宽度等条件实时计算船舶编队状态,实现了船舶纵向、横向编队全过程三维实时动态仿真。最后,以船舶自适应巡航编队航行和多船双向编队过闸航行为验证实例,对船舶编队过闸航行三维实时仿真系统分别进行了验证,结果表明本系统能实时动态模拟船舶编队过闸全过程,并准确计算船舶编队过闸航行状态,可为未来实现船闸水域船舶编队航行提供重要的基础平台支撑。     

基于港航联动的船舶航行计划优化

针对船舶航行成本受航速影响较大的问题,设计一种港航联动机制,旨在降低船舶航行成本。在港航信息互通的基础上,建立以最大程度降低航线总成本为目标的多阶段优化模型,得出船舶航行成本优化效果随规划距离变动的关系曲线,并分析航行成本优化效果同规划距离之间的关系,证明该联动机制的可行性。计算结果表明:在通过该联动机制对船舶航行计划和对航行速度进行优化后,船舶航行成本能够获得有效的降低,并通过计算获得该机制下存在的最优规划距离。因此,该联动机制能够更好地对船舶航行计划进行优化,满足船舶航行的实际需求。     

动态规划和模糊算法在船舶航速最优调度中的应用

随着海洋网络复杂度及对船舶节能性要求的提高,对船舶航行速度的控制要求也越来越精确。目前的航速调节主要是基于经验,不能够最大限度地提高航行效率和降低能源消耗。因此为了获得船舶行驶的最优速度,本文将动态规划算法和模糊算法应用于船舶,通过对船舶航行建立动力模型,然后使用优化的算法模型进行处理,获取船舶航速最优调度方法,使得船舶在有效航程中油耗最少。     

营运船舶航行性能和海洋环境监测平台开发验证

EEDI是衡量船舶能效水平的重要指标。由于试验条件限制,目前主要还是依靠模型试验结果对交船测试进行修正换算得到。上海船舶运输科学研究所自主研发了航行性能和海洋环境监测平台,可对营运船舶开展长期跟踪监测,实时收集船舶营运阶段的航行环境和性能参数,通过自动识别航行状态,划分海区、海况和船舶载况等因素对于船舶功率与航速的影响,可获得营运船舶实际EEDI指标,提高EEDI实船验证结果的准确性。监测平台在某万箱级集装箱船进行相关验证,并已展开长期监测。     

Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Accurately estimating fuel consumption of ships is crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, and environmental protection agencies. The bottom-up approach is becoming increasingly popular because it can estimate ship fuel consumption by accounting for ship activity conditions, such as changes in voyage speed, time, and distance; however, its use is still limited when estimating ship fuel consumption. Ship-specific information, such as the daily fuel consumption rate for main and auxiliary engines for every vessel, is expensive to gather, and generally not collected from private shipping companies. To address this research gap, we develop simplified and composite ship fuel consumption models for ocean-going container ships by size using a regression model. To estimate the fuel consumption models for container ships, we rely on ship activity data, including average speed and sailing time, distance, and actual fuel consumption for main and auxiliary engines. This information is obtained from a major container shipping company in Korea. We estimate and validate the parameters associated with fuel consumption for five different container ship sizes, all of which are smaller than the Post-Panamax container ship (15,000 TEU and above).     

船舶油耗远程监管系统的设计

基于STM32嵌入式和传感测量技术,将船舶的航行参数、主机基本运行参数和船舶各大动力装置的燃油消耗数据进行集中采集并传给岸端的数据管理服务中心,采用WAMP开发了一套基于WEB具有良好人机界面的,B/S架构的船舶油耗数据中心管理系统,实现了更加直观的船舶远程动态监管,也能为船东高效的解决船舶油耗数据分析统计等一系列问题。     

混合动力电动船舶模糊逻辑控制策略

混合动力电动船舶对于纯电动船舶具有较好的续航能力,适用于航线较长且具有随机性的船舶工况,同时对于工程作业船舶工况其可以降低柴油发电机为动力的工程作业船舶柴油机功率,减少燃油消耗与排放。本文分析了上述两种不同船舶工况特点,并针对该工况采用串联式混合动力结构作为船舶动力系统结构并根据工况需求设计了相应的模糊逻辑控制策略。运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明,所设计串联式混合动力系统及其模糊逻辑控制策略能够在上述两种船舶工况下实现控制要求。     

近海石油平台支援船主机油耗优化模型的建立

针对近海石油平台支援船进行研究,建立了近海石油平台支援船关于风、浪、潮汐的船舶数学运动模型并计算了目标船裸船体阻力和附体阻力;根据主机功率的传递过程以及船舶有效功率的估算方法,建立船舶主机油耗优化模型;之后运用基于遗传算法的多目标优化方法对主机油耗优化模型进行计算与验证,结果表明优化后的主机油耗模型具有良好的节能效果。     

The comparison of general cargo ship economic performance by simulation

Cargo ship designs offered by shipbuilders differ in characteristics such as deadweight, speed, fuel consumption and cargo equipment. The best vessel for high freight markets and high fuel prices may not be the best for low freight markets and low fuel prices. A model has been developed to compare by simulation a number of multi-purpose general cargo vessels suitable for the trade of a Turkish shipowner. The model simulates the operation of each vessel under a variety of operating scenarios, e.g. fuel prices and freight profiles over the ships' lives, and estimates the distribution of resulting net present values. The techno-economic simulation model incorporates variables including ship size, speed, first cost, fuel consumption, load factor and port days.

Results are presented for six standard vessels of around 20 000 dwt operating over a long and a short route. Although the ranking of the six varies with assumptions, one design is shown to be superior under most operating conditions.     

The influence of route choice and operating conditions on fuel consumption and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emission of ships

The influence of various parameters, such as ship initial speed (full ahead and lower engine loads), loading condition, heading angle and weather conditions on ship fuel consumption and CO₂ emission is presented. A reliable methodology for estimating the attainable ship speed, fuel consumption and CO₂ emission in different sea states is described. The speed loss is calculated by taking into account the engine and propeller performance in actual seas as well as the mass inertia of the ship. The attainable ship speed is obtained as time series. Correlation of speed loss with sea states allows predictions of propulsive performance in actual seas. If the computation is used for weather routing purposes, values for various ship initial speed, loading conditions and heading angles for each realistic sea‐state must be provided. The voluntary speed loss is taken into account. The influence of the ship speed loss on various parameters such as fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions is presented. To illustrate the presented concept, the ship speed and CO₂ emissions in various routes of the Atlantic Ocean are calculated using representative environmental design data for the track of the routes where the ship will sail.     

环境最优区域动力定位控制方法的研究

环境最优区域控制是以能耗最小化为目标的船舶动力定位控制方法。环境最优区域控制是根据平均环境作用力自动控制船舶艏向至最优艏向角,通过对船舶状态的预测控制,在不使用任何环境传感器的情况下,用最少的能量,使其保持在限定的区域内运动,达到节约燃料、减少有害气体排放的目的。首先,建立了船舶数学模型,并采用环境最优艏向控制思想,使船舶以固定的半径和很小的回转速度做定常回转运动直至平衡位置,找到最优艏向角。在回转运动过程中,利用所设计的带有积分环节的非线性反步控制法对船舶运动进行控制。然后,通过预测船舶的状态,以能耗和精度为最优目标函数,采用滚动优化策略研究了区域预测控制,使船舶运动保持在限定的区域内。最后,对所研究的控制方法进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该方法达到了环境最优区域控制的目的。     

Ship resistance when operating in floating ice floes: Derivation,validation, and application of an empirical equation

With the effects of global warming, the Arctic is presenting a new environment where numerous ice floes are floating on the open sea surface. Whilst this has improved Arctic shipping navigability in an unprecedented way, the interaction of such floes with ships is yet to be understood to aid the designing of ships and route planning for this region. To further explore this topic, the present work develops a procedure to derive an empirical equation that can predict the effects of such floes on ship resistance. Based on a validated computational approach, extensive data are extracted from simulations of three different ships with varying operational and environmental conditions. The ice-floe resistance is shown to strongly correlate with ship beam, ship buttock angle, ship waterline angle, ship speed, ice concentration, ice thickness and floe diameter, and the regression powers of each of the parameters on resistance are ascertained. This leads to a generic empirical equation that can swiftly predict ice-floe resistance for a given ship in a given condition. Subsequently, demonstrations are given on the incorporation of the derived equation into a set of real-time Arctic ship performance model and voyage planning tool, which can predict a ship's fuel consumption in ice-infested seas and dynamically suggest a route with the least safety concern and fuel consumption. Moreover, the equation is validated by providing ice resistance prediction for experimental and full-scale conditions from multiple sources, showing high accuracy. In conclusion, the empirical equation is shown to give valid and rapid estimates for ice-floe resistance, providing valuable insights into ship designs for the region, as well as facilitating practical applications for polar navigation.     

水流速度对内河船舶营运能效影响分析

本文在能源消耗和环境污染的危机下,致力于内河船舶能源消耗和温室气体排放的研究,分析了水流速度对内河船舶营运能效的影响。本分析是基于一艘客船的数据进行的,分别对不同航段下水流速度,主机转速,燃油消耗进行测量,并计算得到内河船舶营运能效。根据测量结果提出内河船舶营运能效提升策略,为内河航运业的节能减排提供帮助。