实时超声在神经外科手术中的应用

目的应用B超实时对神经外科开颅手术中病变进行超声扫描,探讨其成像特征和应用价值。方法常规开颅后在硬膜外和硬膜下应用B超,结合术前资料,进行病灶的实时定位,帮助选择皮层切口和手术路径,并用B超判定病灶切除程度。结果42例中,全部病变定位准确,准确率达100%,34例病变全部切除,6例次全切,2例死亡。结论术中B超能实时显示病变的部位和轮廓,有助于病变的术中定位和定性,减少手术副损伤。     

微创手术机器人视觉定位系统的研究

根据立体视觉的基本原理，建立摄像机标定模型和立体视觉模型，设计了基于微创手术机器人的视觉定位系统．介绍了相应图像处理软件的设计，实现对目标的准确识别和精确定位．实验证明该方案有较好的定位效果，同时分析了引起误差的原因．     

Arranging transient process used in iterative learning control system

Considering the same initial state error in each repetitive operation in the iterative learning system, a method of arranging the transient process is given. During the current iteration, the system will track the transient function firstly, and then the expected trajectory. After several iterations, the learning system output will trend to the arranged curve, which has avoided the effect of the initial error on the controller. Also the transient time can be changed as you need, which makes the designing simple and the operation easy. Then the detailed designing steps are given via the robot system. At last the simulation of the robot system is given, which shows the validity of the method.     

Safety Protection Method of Rehabilitation Robot Based on fNIRS and RGB-D Information Fusion

In order to improve the safety protection performance of the rehabilitation robot,an active safety protection method is proposed in the rehabilitation scene.The oxyhemoglobin concentration information and RGB-D information are combined in this method,which aims to realize the comprehensive monitoring of the invasion target,the patient's brain function movement state,and the joint angle in the rehabilitation scene.The main focus is to study the fusion method of the oxyhemoglobin concentration information and RGB-D information in the rehabilitation scene.Frequency analysis of brain functional connectivity coefficient was used to distinguish the basic motion states.The human skeleton recognition algorithm was used to realize the angle monitoring of the upper limb joint combined with the depth information.Compared with speed and separation monitoring,the protection method of multi-information fusion is safer and more comprehensive for stroke patients.By building the active safety protection platform of the upper limb rehabilitation robot,the performance of the system in different safety states is tested,and the safety protection performance of the method in the upper limb rehabilitation scene is verified.     

铁路运营隧道检测技术综述

为了解铁路运营隧道检测技术研究与应用情况, 梳理了隧道病害特点与检测方法, 从表观状态、内部状态、几何形态、高精度地面移动检测机器人和数据信息化5个方面, 分析了国内外检测技术现状, 探讨了检测技术体系与发展方向。分析结果表明: 表观状态检测主要有相机摄像和激光扫描技术, 相机摄像系统适用于车载平台, 检测速度达80 km·h-1, 激光扫描系统结构精巧, 检测速度约为5 km·h-1; 图像处理、计算机视觉是表观病害识别的2种技术, 拓展设计病害特征、提高识别效率、降低非病害因素干扰是图像处理技术进一步发展方向, 计算机视觉推广关键在于构建行业级病害样本库; 地质雷达是开展内部状态检测的关键技术, 地耦型雷达速度约为10 km·h-1, 空耦型雷达速度达80 km·h-1, 空耦型雷达检测系统关键在于优化天线结构、信号增强、抑制电气化设施和机械系统振动干扰, 地质雷达、红外热成像、超声层析成像、激光缺陷检测法等检测技术在探测范围、精度、效率等方面具有互补性, 可构成多技术综合运用策略; 几何形态检测主要有激光扫描、激光摄像、惯性测量技术, 激光扫描测量精度高, 速度约为10 km·h-1, 激光摄像速度达60 km·h-1, 提高激光摄像测量精度关键在于系统标定与振动补偿, 可基于惯性测量深化研究开展仰拱上拱变形检测; 发展和推广高精度地面移动检测机器人、检测数据信息化是与隧道规模相适应、状态精准管理相匹配的保障措施; 检测技术体系建议由“车载式快速综合检测+原位与地面移动精确检测+数据信息化平台”3部分组成, 未来发展方向应集中在空耦型雷达快速检测、复合变形快速精确测量、高精度地面移动检测、病害智能识别及多源数据融合分析等方面。      

基于PIV技术的明渠非恒定流试验系统

建立了一套高精度的明渠非恒定流试验系统,通过计算机及变频器控制水泵转速产生非恒定流过程,由电磁流量计、超声水位计实时监测流量和水位变化过程,并通过PIV流场仪进行流场测量。该系统不但能生成连续、稳定的周期性非恒定流过程,很大程度改进了明渠非恒定流的试验手段。     

Dynamic Simulation Analysis of Humanoid Robot Walking System Based on ADAMS

Humanoid robots are a hot topic in the field of robotics research. The walking system is the critical part of the humanoid robot, and the dynamic simulation of the walking system is of great importance. In this paper, the stability of the walking system and the rationality of its structural design are considered in the study of dynamics for a humanoid robot. The dynamic model of humanoid robot walking system is established by using the Lagrange dynamics method. Additionally, the three-dimensional model of CATIA is imported into ADAMS. The humanoid robot walking system is added with the movement of the deputy and the driving force in the ADAMS.The torque and angular velocity of the ankle joint and hip joint are analyzed in the process of knee bends. The simulation results show that the overall performance of the humanoid robot walking system is favorable and has a smooth movement, and the specified actions can be completed, which proves the rationality of the humanoid robot walking system design.     

超声波声时判断混凝土的密实性与均匀性

本文列举了超声脉冲在混凝土中的传播原理、路径等,根据被测结构物测试面的实际情况,选择不同的换能器布置方式,从而使超声脉冲在混凝土内部有效传播,进而判断混凝土的物理特性,现场模型梁存在多个测试面,故采用对测方法进行测试,根据测试的超声波波速及均方差的数值大小进行计算分析,从而判断混凝土的密实性及均匀性。     

具有亚像素精度的冗余特征机器人视觉伺服控制

为克服机器人视觉伺服系统对位姿估算及标定精度的依赖性,结合前期特征识别和后期视觉伺服控制,提出基于冗余特征的机器人视觉伺服控制方法.首先,针对图像处理计算密集的问题,从加快特征提取运算速度考虑,研究了矢量数据的递归贪婪压缩算法;其次,从提高图像空间测量精度考虑,研究了基于向量正交性的亚像素特征提取方法,并结合合作目标形状,给出基于多边形形状拟合的目标识别实验性准则;最后,基于图像视觉伺服理论和任务函数方法,直接以具有亚像素级的冗余图像特征作为反馈信息,建立了机器人视觉伺服控制模型,并进行了视觉伺服验证试验.理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的视觉伺服控制方法能够在复杂的环境下快速稳定地提取伺服特征,并对标定误差和深度估计误差具有一定的鲁棒性.      

混凝土裂缝超声检测试验研究

混凝土裂缝超声检测结果与实际差别较大，但误差大小尚无定量评判的理论依据．文中对混凝土裂缝超声检测进行试验研究，给出了声速理论计算公式，制作了带裂缝的混凝土试件，对预先设置在混凝土试件中的裂缝进行了超声检测，将得到的检测数据与相应的理论值进行了对比分析，讨论了裂缝超声检测及声速理论计算中存在的问题，对裂缝的检测方法提出了建议。     

一种用于超声波塑料焊接的功率自动调节系统的研究

详细地分析了超声波塑料焊接的功率调节系统控制参量的选择,提出了以换能器机械臂工作电流作为控制参量来调节系统输出功率的基本思想,并通过串联网络进行阻抗变换,进而实现输出功率的自动调节。     

超声高效气化燃油的研究

目前,人们对城市空气质量以及地球石油资源危机等问题日益重视。利用浸于液体中的超声换能器产生震动的原理,将燃油破碎成极其微小的油滴,使其气化,提高燃油的利用效率,大大减少环境污染程度,因此具有极广泛的市场前景和应用价值。针对超声波气化原理、超声气化燃油装置、超声换能器及超声波发生器与换能器的匹配问题进行了讨论。     

高速公路收费站自动发卡装置及其系统设计

高速公路人工发放通行卡运营成本高,收费效率低,ETC在短时间内也难以大范围推广,一段时间内,自动发卡系统能够有效降低运营成本、提高收费效率。自动发卡系统采用红外线、感应线圈、自动发卡机、摄像机等设备,利用自动化技术及信息技术,实现高速公路收费站通行卡的自动发放。运营显示,系统能够有效提高高速公路收费站运营效益。     

An Active Endoscopy Robotic System for Direct Tracheal Inspection

The development of active endoscopy techniques is one important area of medical robot.This paper designed a new flexible and active endoscopy robotic system for direct tracheal inspection.The mobile mechanism of the robot is based on the inchworm movement actuated by pneumatic rubber actuator.There are five air chambers controlled independently,by adjusting pressures in air chambers,the robot can move in a straight mode or in a bending mode.The inspection sensors and some therapy surgery tools can be equipped in the front of the robot.The prototype was made and its mechanical characteristics were analyzed.The robot could move smoothly in a small plastic tube,and the robot is respectable to be used for inspection in human trachea directly.     

一种基于摄像机标定的车辆视频测速方法

以Tsai两步法为摄像机标定原理,提出了一种车辆速度视频测量方法,并对摄像机标定误差和车速检测误差进行了分析。首先利用Tsai两步法得到摄像机的内部和外部参数,然后将图像空间提取出的运动车辆特征点位移转换到世界坐标系,最后利用帧差时间求得车辆的瞬时速度。实验结果表明,基于摄像机标定的车辆速度视频测量方法,具有简单实用、鲁棒性强、精确度高等优点,满足车辆视频测速系统的要求。     

Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Kraft Pulping of Bamboo

By applying ultrasound at different stage of kraft pulping process, the properties of kraft pulp produced by ultrasonic treatment were studied and compared with those by conventional method. The results indicated that, while the performances of the pulp were close to conventional kraft pulp, the chemical-to-wood ratio decreased from 20% to 17.5%, cooking time was shortened from 140 to 120 min, and the yield increased. When the ultrasound came into play at the 90th minute during pulping process, the properti...     

基于监控视频的高速公路能见度检测方法及系统

针对我国高速公路能见度天气的全面检测与预警处置的迫切需求,提出了一种基于监控视频的高速公路能见度检测方法.该方法从监控摄像头提取固定距离参照物的图像,根据图像的灰度失真状况计算能见度值,并通过数据融合的手段对多监控摄像头计算结果进行综合;并设计和开发了一款能见度监测与预警处置信息化系统,利用获取的实时能见度数据,从局部现场和宏观路网两个方面支撑能见度预警、应急处置、交通流调控、信息发布等智能交通业务.实验分析结果表明,该能见度计算方法的平均检测误差为13.4%,能够满足我国高速公路能见度检测的精度和计算性能要求;本文方法及系统可以充分复用高速公路沿线广泛架设的视频监控机电系统,可应用于我国高速公路的运营管理及效率提升等工作中.      

Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance for Application of Human-Robot Cooperative Dispensing Medicines

For safety reasons,in the automated dispensing medicines process,robots and humans cooperate to accomplish the task of drug sorting and distribution.In this dynamic unstructured environment,such as a human-robot collaboration scenario,the safety of human,robot,and equipment in the environment is paramount.In this work,a practical and effective robot motion planning method is proposed for dynamic unstructured environments.To figure out the problems of blind zones of single depth sensor and dynamic obstacle avoidance,we first propose a method for establishing offline mapping and online fusion of multi-sensor depth images and 3D grids of the robot workspace,which is used to determine the occupation states of the 3D grids occluded by robots and obstacles and to conduct real-time estimation of the minimum distance between the robot and obstacles.Then,based on the reactive control method,the attractive and repulsive forces are calculated and transformed into robot joint velocities to avoid obstacles in real time.Finally,the robot's dynamic obstacle avoidance ability is evaluated on an experimental platform with a UR5 robot and two KinectV2 RGB-D sensors,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.     

Real-Time Discrete Adaptive Control of Robot Arm Based on Digital Signal Processing

A discrete model reference adaptive controller of robot arm is obtained by integrating the reduced dynamic model of robot, model reference adaptive control (MRAC) and digital signal processing (DSP) computer system into an electromechanical system. With the DSP computer system, the control signal of each joint of the robot arm can be processed in real time and independently. The simulation and experiment results show that with the control strategy, the robot achieved a good trajectory following precision, a good decoupling performance and a high real-time adaptivity.     

Geometric calibration algorithm of polarization camera using planar patterns

Polarization pattern provides additional information besides spectral signatures. It can be used in many applications, such as navigation, defect detection and object identification. A novel polarization camera composed of four synchronized cameras is proposed, and it can realize real-time polarization measurement. This study particularly concentrates on the geometric calibration of the system. The projection model is analyzed and the multi-camera calibration algorithm is proposed. Firstly, each camera is calibrated separately using planar patterns, and then the geometric calibration algorithms are performed. Due to the geometrical constraint, a global optimization method results in smaller estimation uncertainties. A mean rotation error of 0.025° and a mean translation error of 0.26mm are achieved after geometric calibration. The images are rectified to establish a correspondence among cameras and are combined to acquire the polarization measurement. The polarization pattern of the skylight is measured by the system and the results are consistent with the previous studies.