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为了研究影响双抗型钢管的抗氢诱导裂纹和抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂的产生因素,对某双抗型钢管采用双V型坡口形式,通过不同线能量下手工电弧焊工艺施焊后,对焊接接头的力学性能、焊接裂纹性能、最高硬度、金相组织进行试验分析.采用美国腐蚀工程师协会的试验方法进行试验,发现钢管焊缝试样的硫化氢应力腐蚀裂纹大多沿着粒状贝氏体晶界和焊缝组织... 相似文献
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介绍了苯乙烯装置乙苯过热器的实际应用情况,对出现的问题进行了分析和探讨.针对苯乙烯装置乙苯过热器焊缝开裂现象,进行了热膨胀计算、受力状况分析和各种应力计算;以设备实际的自身缺陷为例,对焊缝开裂原因做了详尽的论证,通过理论计算和综合分析得出焊缝开裂的原因是制造过程中错边量过大和焊接裂纹. 相似文献
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由于在更换文丘里管的施工中,吊耳弯头两端焊缝及母材不断产生裂纹,导致施工无法进行。通过研究吊耳弯头材质化学成分及焊缝的金相组织,找出产生焊接裂纹的原因。利用金相检验、化学成分分析、渗透检验等方法分别对母材及焊缝的开裂原因进行分析。结果表明:母材与焊缝附近开裂本质一致,都是源于热应力,在焊接状态下由于母材中碳和铜含量超标,造成母材脆性开裂。该批次吊耳弯头为不合格品,不能使用。 相似文献
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关于管道钢的应力腐蚀开裂问题 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
管道应力腐蚀开裂是从潜伏在管道表面上的小裂纹发展起来的,引起应力腐蚀开裂必须同时具备三个条件,即拉应力、特定的腐蚀环境和敏感的管道材料。管道内表面接触H2S、CO2会形成腐蚀性介质,造成硫化物应力腐蚀开裂。埋地管线外壁在保护涂层和阴极保护失效的情况下,也会引起外壁应力腐蚀开裂。中性pH值应力腐蚀开裂4个因素条件即防腐层、土壤、温度和阴极保护电流的状况。建议要考虑管道裂纹的内检测工具的通过,加强对国 相似文献
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《管道技术与设备》2017,(6)
某超临界机组主蒸汽管道发生开裂,开裂部位均位于焊缝近弯头侧。对开裂的焊接件进行解体,采用宏观检验、化学成分检测、微观组织分析、常规力学性能检验等实验方法,并结合热推弯头制造工艺进行开裂机理研究。结果表明:弯头基体存在大量质脆的金相夹杂物,易剥落形成空穴;弯头晶粒度严重超标,使得在焊接过程中弯头热影响区正火区与回火区晶粒度差异极大;弯头抗拉强度接近标准要求下限。弯头材质劣化是此次开裂的主要原因。直管段各项性能基本正常。在使用过程中,高温蒸汽冲刷使得金相夹杂物脱落形成空穴,裂纹起源于管道内表面焊熔合线近弯头侧,沿弯头侧热影响区正火区扩展至正火区与回火区交界处,直至裂透。 相似文献
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采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验和SEM研究了SRB+IOB对X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响。结果表明:X100管线钢母材和焊缝试样在无菌环境下的断口颈缩程度均明显小于有菌(SRB+IOB)环境;母材和焊缝断口在无菌环境下均为韧性+脆性混合型断口,呈现准解理形貌,具有较高的SCC敏感性。在有菌(SRB+IOB)环境下均为韧性断口,呈现韧窝形貌,具有较低的SCC敏感性,且低于无菌环境;无菌环境下断口侧面的SCC裂纹明显多于有菌(SRB+IOB)环境;SRB+IOB的存在导致X100管线钢SCC敏感性降低。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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