Multilevel modelling of Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) trips in Greater Manchester based on area-wide socio-economic data

Providing public transport in areas of low demand has long proved to be a challenge to policy makers and practitioners. With the developing economic, social and environmental trends, there is pressure for alternative solutions to the policy of subsidising conventional bus services. One potential solution is to adopt more flexible routes and/or timetables to better match the required demand. Therefore such ‘on demand’ or ‘Demand Responsive Transport’ (DRT) services (known as paratransit in the US) have been adopted in a number of locations. This paper seeks to explore the effects of area-wide factors on the demand of DRT by reporting the results of a statistical analysis of DRT service provision in the metropolitan region of Greater Manchester, the public transport authority of which offers one of the largest and most diverse range of DRT schemes in the UK. Specifically, this paper employs a multilevel modelling approach to investigate the impact of both DRT supply-oriented factors at the service area level and socio-economic factors at the lower super output area (LSOA) level on the average number of trips made by DRT per year. This hierarchical or ‘nested’ structure was adopted because typically the LSOAs within the same Service Area may share similar characteristics. It is found that the demand for DRT services was higher in areas with low car ownership, low population density, high proportion of white people, and high levels of social deprivation, measured in terms of income, employment, education, housing and services, health and disability, and living environment.     

绘就中国BRT图谱

如同物流、ITS等舶来语一样,巴士快速交通系统(BRT,也称快速公交系统)来到中国后,也面临着释义各异的问题. 美国联邦公共交通管理局曾将它定义为提供轨道交通服务质量和巴士运营灵活性的一种快速交通方式.     

鞍钢厂区水煤浆管道输送与储备技术研究

根据水煤浆的触变和塑变理论以及自身的规律,结合鞍钢的场地,储存和输送方式以及用户分布,通过理论研究,汇集国内外经验,有针对性地论述了鞍钢厂区管道输送与储备水煤浆技术可行性。     

公路隧道自然通风适用长度的初步研究(上)——低等级公路双向行驶隧道

文章针对车辆为双向行驶的低等级公路隧道,研究无需进行机械通风而仅采用自然通风的隧道最大长度,该长度与交通量、行车速度、隧道纵坡、交通车辆类型等因素有关。作者经过大量计算得出几组图表,在设计时可以很方便地利用这些图表判定具体的隧道工程是否可以采用自然通风。     

公路隧道自然通风适用长度的初步研究(下)——高等级公路单向行驶隧道

文章针对车辆为单向行驶的高等级公路隧道,研究分析了无需进行机械通风而仅采用自然通风的隧道最大长度,该长度与交通量、行车速度、隧道纵坡、交通车辆类型、稀释标准等因素有关。作者经过大量计算得出几组图表,在设计时可以很方便地利用这些图表判定具体的隧道工程是否可以采用自然通风。