GPS在水运导航中的应用分析

阐述了GPS系统的特点和工作原理,对水运导航定位情况进行了分析,并以珠江三角洲为例分析了实现GPS导航的巨大应用价值。     

Ship-berth link performance evaluation: simulation and analytical approaches

In this paper we consider the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. The efficiency of operations and processes on the ship-berth link has been analysed through the basic operating parameters such as berth utilization, average number of ships in waiting line, average time that a ship spends in waiting line, average service time of a ship, average total time that a ship spends in port, average quay crane (QC) productivity and average number of QCs per ship. All the main performances of the ship-berth link are given. This is one of the problems faced by planners and terminal operators in ports. In this paper, we propose two models based on simulation and queuing theory, respectively, in order to determine the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. Numerical results and computational experiments are reported to evaluate the efficiency of the models for Pusan East Container Terminal (PECT).     

Alternative approaches to spatial modelling

In discussion of the modelling methods that can be used to assess the impacts of transport change on regional and local economies, “land-use/transport interaction (LUTI) models” are often referred to as if all such models were examples of a single, homogeneous commodity. The first and major purpose of this paper is to correct this impression by comparing and contrasting some key features of the main models or modelling packages in the LUTI tradition, particularly those which are generally recognized as constituting the current “state-of-the-art”, or at least the “state of practice”. One particular point within the comparison will be the differing use which is made (or not made) of spatial input-output models in the different approaches.The second purpose of the paper is (more briefly) to compare LUTI modelling with alternative approaches and in particular with spatial computable general equilibrium (SGCE) modelling. One of the common features to emerge from the preceding comparison is that LUTI modelling has been mainly concerned with predicting the location of fixed totals of jobs and of households under different transport scenarios. This is a general feature, even though in some cases these totals are directly fixed by the user whilst in other cases they are the results of long chains of calculations that are insensitive to transport scenarios; in a few cases, the total levels of economic activity are variable according to accessibility-related variables. In contrast, the use of SCGE modelling in testing the impact of transport proposals is very much concerned with the consequences for the total size of the economy in question, usually with a less detailed concern for the spatial distribution of impacts. This comparison leads to a discussion of whether LUTI modelling and SCGE modelling are mutually exclusive or whether some form of synthesis or integration between the two may be theoretically appropriate and/or practically desirable. The requirements of project appraisal - i.e., the assessment of benefits - are also considered.     

试论国际海运惯例

国际海运惯例是国际惯例的一种,它具有国际通用性、重复适用性、以任意性规范为主等特点.国际海运惯例有确定海运活动当事人的权利义务关系、解释或补充海运合同的缺漏、解决海事法律冲突等作用.我们应该对其加强研究,正确理解和适用.     

把脉认证两张皮

编前语 认证的有效性一直是一个老生常谈的话题,也是政府和企业、认证机构多年来一直期盼解决的问题.在目前的经济危机形势下,如何提高认证的有效性尤其成为了解决当前认证中存在的问题的重中之重.     

认识比较优势推进内河运输

内河资源经过治理才能真正为内河运输服务。我国内河航道由80年代的局部治理,发展到90年代的全面和有计划的建设,2002年内河航道通航总里程达到12.2万公里,其中300吨级以上航道达到23510公里,1000吨级以上8222公里;长江、黑龙江和松花江干线航道可全线通航1000吨级驳船;京杭运河苏南段建成全国样板航道,恢复了南北水运大动脉的作用,运量超过2亿吨;2002年年底内河船队规模15.6万艘、1720万载重吨,船舶继续保持大型化、标准化发展趋势;西江、湘江、嘉陵江航电结合的尝试,取得显著的经济和社会效益。但从整体上看,我国内河水运基础设施还比较薄弱,内河航运占地少、运能大、能耗低、污染小的比较优势远未得到充分发挥。     

对水上交通环境概念的探析

通过讨论水上交通环境的定义及组成要素,对水上交通环境的概念进行重新探析,达到提高船舶安全航行意识的目的。     

应用在鱼雷上的超空泡技术分析

以国外已经研制成功的超空泡鱼雷为背景,对超空泡鱼雷的启动原理和超空泡流动的特征进行了介绍。总结归纳了超空泡流动过程的主要变量和参数,并根据维数理论得出了研究超空泡流动的四个基准参数：空泡数,弗罗德数,雷诺数,韦伯数。同时给出了超空泡形状的一个经验公式。对稳定流动中的两种超空泡(自然超空泡和充气超空泡)进行了分析,并且对充气超空泡的实现方法进行了介绍。     

Complexity theory applied to management of shipping companies

Theory of complexity , in the author's opinion, describes life better than the hitherto available theories, as it deals more effectively with dynamic, non-linear and cyclical phenomena. The author will here attempt the application of the theory of complexity to the management of shipping companies , especially those of Greek management style. This paper will also deal with the relationship of competition in shipping. The question that will be put and answered is whether a firm should be a hierarchical, inflexible structure, ordered from above. If, however, a company is seen as a self-organized emerging order, then a new approach must be adopted, i.e. that of complexity theory. The choice of the above combination is because a shipping environment is indeed unpredictable, volatile, cyclical and international, as well as complex. It is believed that this new theory can yield a new, more pragmatic, insight into the way shipping companies and ships should be managed. The innovative element of this work is that it will be the first time internationally (except for the work of Li and Parsons [1]) that the theory of complexity will be applied to shipping. In addition, no previous attempts have been made to apply this theory to management of shipping companies.     

Military contracts to water transportation services in the United States

Long excluded from academic analysis, military expenditures on water transportation are a significant aspect of the industry, especially given the rapid increases in the U.S. military budget in the 1980s. This paper begins with an overview of military relations with the water transporation industry; next, it proceeds to a survey of the spatial dimensions of prime contracts awarded to water transporation and dredging firms in the U.S. Thirdly, it explores their economic impacts on teh U.S. economy using input-output analysis.     

控制船机废气排放的绿色水运技术分析

文章分析了水路运输船舶柴油机废气排放对大气的污染,介绍了国际海事组织相关公约对船机排放的控制要求,讨论了业界重点关注的船机废气排放控制技术、温室气体排放等热点问题、以及国内外法规与鼓励措施等。文中还提出进一步完善控制船机废气排放的措施和思路,以期推进水路运输节能减排重大关键技术、先进适用技术与产品的研发与推广,促进绿色水运可持续发展。     

Strategic planning applied to shipping and ports

Changing economic, trade, technological and environmental conditions today affect shipping and ports more than ever before. As a result, it has become essential for them to maintain and update strategic decisions and objectives more and more frequently. Concepts and approaches found effective in strategic planning are presented and their applications to shipping and ports are reviewed.     

神经网络应用于船舶航迹追踪

在远洋航海中,风、浪、流等环境因素对船舶会造成很大的影响,控制船舶的航迹,使得船舶按照预设的路线行进是非常重要。本文通过将神经网络控制应用船舶航迹控制设计中,研究船舶舵角、航向等误差因素影响,最后利用前进、横荡和首摇3个自由度的运动进行实验仿真,实验结果表明,利用神经网络算法能够迅速、准确进行船舶航迹跟踪。     

谁有机会分羹进口油运?

2004年6月18日,中远集团与中石化牵手,在北京人民大会堂正式签署战略合作框架协议,加强原油运输合作和海上船舶燃料供应合作。2 天后,在山海关码头,中远又迎来其定购的一条15万载重吨油轮,并当场命名为"中远湖号"。由此,中远集团现拥有的油轮船队规模超过200万载重吨。那么,这样两条新闻带出了我国石油运输的哪些背景和趋势呢?     

The Theory and Practice of Coastal Area Planning: Linking Strategic Planning to Local Communities

Integrated coastal management (ICM) has been slowly accepted over the last decade as a unifying approach for coastal planning and management throughout the world. Coastal planning aimed at achieving the objectives of ICM can be implemented by varying processes and faces many challenges. One major challenge for coastal planning is to adapt the well-developed theoretical principles of ICM to practical and understandable outcomes in local areas. Associated with this challenge is the need to balance coastal planning objectives for conservation and economic development of a nation or state/province with the objectives of the local community. This article describes a three-tiered approach to coastal planning in Victoria, Australia, which will be of value to other countries, particularly those with subnational coastal planning jurisdictions. This approach not only has the aim of balancing subnational (e.g., state government) and local objectives, but also of applying the theoretical concept of ICM in practice on the ground. In addition, the approach sets out to achieve a sense of ownership of the planning process by local communities by maximizing their involvement at all levels of planning and also by making the state strategy as easy to understand and follow as possible.     

水路运输行政许可的实施

为加强水路运输行政管理工作,保障公民水路运输行政权益,维护水路运输市场秩序,科学、合理地利用水路运输资源,提高水路运输行政许可实施效率,降低行政管理成本,通过对买施水路运输行政许可现状与存在问题进行剖析,提出：（1）通过完善行业法律、法规．确立航运管理机构的法律地位;（2）重新对许可权限进行科学、合理分配;（3）设置专门的行政许可监管机构;（4）建立水路运输行政许可监管体系;（5）丰富许可申请方式,提高行政许可效率,降低行政许可成本,方便行政相对人;（6）在行政机关与行政相对人之间建立一种互相监督、互相促进的关系。     

论内河航运的可持续发展

内河航运的可持续发展是国家可持续发展的一部分,但目前针对内河航运可持续发展的研究较少。文章旨在总结国内外众多学者的研究成果,将可持续发展的丰富理论运用在内河航运领域。首先采用系统论的方法分析内河航运系统的主要构成部分,然后从降水、气温两大气象因素综合考虑气候变化对内河航运的影响,探讨气候变化与内河航运两者之间的密切关系,进而提出适用于内河航运的一些具体管理措施及建议,并以层次分析法为例阐述内河航运可持续发展的评价步骤,定量评估内河航运可持续发展的程度,最后以德国基尔运河的可持续发展历程为案例依托,强调实现经济与生态平衡发展的重要性。     

蚁群算法在港口船舶物流中的应用研究

在全球化经济日益繁荣的今天,国内出现了众多超大吞吐容量的港口,同时各种超级运输船舶也被制造出来,因此在全球港口运输能力有限的情况下,如何有效安排船舶物流的作业流程,改善港口运输效率,对提高经济效益,降低成本显得非常必要。因此,本文主要分析现阶段港口运输行业面临的主要问题,并基于蚁群算法提出具体的优化措施。通过建立港口船舶物流的数学模型,对物流运输中的任务序列进行优化调度,从而最终确定最优的调度算法。     

基于集对分析的国际海运业竞争力评价

研究海运竞争力有多种方法,本文采用的集对分析是我国学者首先提出的一种全新的系统分析方法。运用集对分析,我们得到了国际班轮公司竞争力的排名。