基于分布式光纤测温的离合器摩擦表面温度场测量

离合器在工作过程中的摩擦表面温升是离合器传递扭矩的直接影响因素，研究离合器温升情况对于改善离合器控制和优化离合器设计都有着重要意义。但摩擦片工作表面封闭，表面温度往往难以准确测量，为解决离合器温度高精度测量的问题，使用国际上发展迅速的最新型分布式光纤传感技术，在设计的干式离合器摩擦特性测试台架上进行了测量试验。试验结果表明：与传统的热电偶插入式测量相比，分布式光纤测温能够得到离合器摩擦接触面的温度沿半径方向上的温度分布，为离合器表面温度场分析提供数据支持；同时，光纤测温能够实现在离合器系统内的各个部件的温度测温。通过对不同半径、不同工况、不同部件的温度变化情况的测量结果分析，离合器摩擦接触面的温度分布与半径有关，通常呈现半径越大温升越显著的特点；在单次接合分离的过程中，离合器摩擦片的2个摩擦接触表面的温升情况并不相同，靠近飞轮盘一侧的温度变化速率比靠近压盘一侧的要快。     

汽车起步过程离合器传递转矩精确计算分析

在分析汽车起步时电控机械式自动变速器的离合器转矩传递过程的基础上,建立了汽车起步时离合器传递转矩、滑磨功和压盘表面温升的精确计算模型;推导出以离合器主、从动盘相对转速和离合器片表面温度为主要影响因素的离合器片摩擦因数的公式;以某一轿车为实例,对其起步时离合器转矩传递特性进行仿真计算。     

机械式自动变速器起车过程综合控制

分析机械式自动变速器在各种工况下起车离合器接合过程，以起车冲击度和滑摩功均较小为原则，来实现离合器结合的平顺性。根据油门开度、发动机转速、输入轴转速计算发动机的负荷能力，控制离合器传递的扭矩使发动机输出扭矩与离合器扭矩匹配。另外建立滑摩功与离合器温升的模型，防止离合器摩镣片过温损坏。据此建立起车离合器控制MAP图，已应用于某车型的AMT样车上。     

Wet Single Clutch Engagement Behaviors in the Dual-Clutch Transmission System

A frictional torque was generated by a lubricated slip contact between a wet clutch pad and a steel separator during a wet clutch engagement. It is necessary to understand the generation of frictional torque to improve the performance of the frictional torque transfer and the durability of the wet clutch system. The analytical modeling of wet clutch torque transfer considers the effects of surface roughness, permeability, the elastic modulus of the frictional material, lubricant viscosity, temperature, etc. Experimental apparatus for wet clutch engagement was designed for the measurement of frictional torque transfer during wet clutch engagement. The experimental results were compared with the analytical results under various operational conditions for the verification of the theoretical analysis to evaluate the performance of the wet clutch system. Some correlations were investigated between the experimental and analytical results. We found that computation by analytical modeling can predict the effects of oil temperature, applied force, and slip speed, as well as engagement period and frictional torque transfer shapes.     

湿式摩擦离合器摩擦片表面温升和油槽结构研究

应用接触温度计算模型和热分析基本原理,研究了重型车辆湿式摩擦离合器摩擦片的温度分布和失效原因,分析和推导了简单、实用的摩擦片温度计算公式并得到试验验证。此外,介绍了从动摩擦片常见的表面油槽结构,分析了不同油槽结构对传递扭矩、摩擦片表面温度以及带排扭矩的影响。试验结果表明:双圆弧油槽综合性能较好,摩擦副摩擦因数适中,对带排扭矩影响小,且易于制造,最适合于重型车辆湿式摩擦离合器从动摩擦片使用。     

Model referenced adaptive control to compensate slip-stick transition during clutch engagement

Clutches are widely used in various vehicle powertrains. The engagement process of a friction clutch has three phases, i.e., open, slipping, and sticking. Transitions between different phases introduce a discontinuity to the powertrain dynamics, which has been neglected in previous research. A model referenced adaptive controller (MRAC), based on Popov hyper-stability criterion, is designed to compensate the discontinuity. MRAC adjusts the frictional torque along with the errors of the state variables compared with those of a referenced model. The designed MRAC is applied to a clutch in a bus. Simulation and experimental results under fast and slow startup cases show that MRAC can simultaneously reduce vehicle jerk and frictional dissipation when compared with the conventional controller.     

Optimal torque coordinating control of the launching with twin clutches simultaneously involved for dry dual-clutch transmission

As for the self-developed six-speed dry dual-clutch transmission (DCT), the optimal torque-coordinated control strategy between engine and dual clutches is proposed to resolve the problem of launching with twin clutches simultaneously involved based on the minimum value principle. Focusing on the sliding friction phase of the launching process, dynamics equations of dry DCT with two intermediate shafts are firstly established, and then the optimal transmitting torque variation rate and the driven plate's rotating speed of dual clutches are deduced by using the minimum value principle, in which the jerk intensity and friction work are taken as the performance indexes, and the terminal constraints of state variables are determined according to the driver's launching intention. Besides, the separating conditions of non-target gear clutch and the torque distributing relations of twin clutches are derived from the launching control targets that guarantee the approximately equal friction extent of two clutches and no power cycle. After the synchronisation of driving and driven plates of on-coming clutch, the output torque of engine is smoothly switched to the driver's demand level. Furthermore, launching the simulation model of the dry DCT vehicle is set up on the Matlab/Simulink platform. Simulation results indicate that the proposed launching control strategy not only can effectively reflect the driver's intention and extend the life span of twin clutches, but also obtain an excellent launching quality. Finally, the torque control laws of two clutches obtained through the simulation are transformed into clutch position control laws for the future realisation in the real car, and the closed-loop position controls of twin clutches in the launching process are conducted on the test bench with two sets of clutch actuator, obtaining preferable tracking effects.     

DCT直线型换挡动力学仿真（续1）

为了使汽车冲击度和离合器滑摩功能够满足换挡品质的要求,文章对装有双离合器自动变速器（DCT）的汽车进行了动力学仿真分析,建立其变速器动力传动系统模型。并针对变速器直线型换挡过程中冲击度和滑摩功难以同时达到最优的问题,采用遗传算法对离合器油压值进行优化控制,获得油压-时间的最优控制曲线,将优化后的控制曲线代入仿真模型,结果表明,冲击度和滑摩功均达到较为理想的状态。     

ZL50型轮式装载机传动系统维修

介绍了ZL50型轮式装载机传动系统维修。包括离合器打滑引起油温过高、变速器换挡故障以及变速器常见故障。离合器打滑,使离合器片之间非正常摩擦产生大量的热,从而使油温过高。引起离合器打滑的原因主要有离合器片分离不彻底、过度磨损、翘曲变形、油压过低等。     

P2混动自动变速器的离合器自适应控制

为了解决混合动力系统动力耦合的响应性和舒适性问题，建立混动离合器C0起动发动机过程和并联动力输出模式下的功率流模型。对C0起动发动机的控制过程进行仿真分析，针对C0的起动扭矩和电机的输出扭矩在时间和空间上的匹配问题，提出以换挡离合器的滑摩控制来进行缓冲的策略。为了实现稳定精确的发动机起动控制，消除各自的扭矩控制、液压系统特性的误差，提出C0离合器起动发动机的自适应控制和B1离合器滑摩自适应控制，以换挡离合器滑差和发动机转速的超调量为监控对象，对C0离合器各阶段压力控制参数进行自适应调整，以优化发动机起动过程。研究结果表明：通过换挡离合器的滑摩控制可以很好地解决C0离合器扭矩和电机扭矩的匹配问题，即使在换挡过程中对发动机起动也能保证良好的舒适性，并控制过程时间在1.5 s内；在整车试验过程中，通过对C0压力的自适应调整，发动机转速的超调和起动冲击问题均可以得到有效解决。     

可以冷却和润滑摩擦片的摩托车发动机用离合器结构离合器冷却润滑摩擦片使用寿命

离合器作为发动机关键的性能件之一,其传递转矩能力的大小、传递转矩的可靠性及耐久性为离合器的主要性能指标,正常使用中,离合器由于工作条件恶劣,是摩托车维修中更换最频繁的零部件之一。为此,设计了一款离合器润滑结构,以最常用的摩托车立式发动机用CB款离合器为例,在此基础上进行了结构调整,通过增加1条专门的油路,对离合器摩擦片和离合器片进行冷却和润滑,充分改善了发动机内离合器的工作条件,减小了离合器摩擦片的磨损,从而延长了离合器的使用寿命。     

汽车离合器常见故障分析及排除

汽车离合器作为传递和切断发动机动力的装置,离合压盘及摩擦片之间经常会处于相对运动状态,因磨损、变形或摩擦副匹配等因素,容易造成离合器故障,如起步抖动、异响、分离不清、打滑烧蚀等,从而影响车辆驾乘舒适性,甚至影响车辆的正常使用,文章通过对离合系统工作原理介绍,结合笔者多年对离合器问题处理的实际工作经验,对离合器常见故障的可能因素进行分析,并提供相应的解决方案。     

自动变速器湿式离合器摩擦片接合特性的测试方法研究

自动变速器湿式离合器摩擦片的测试装置可以通过变更滑动速度、转动惯量、法向作用力和润滑油量,测量得包括法向力、制动力矩、滑动速度和随时间变化的温度等数据。这些输入参数与所得到的输出数据与工程机械自动变速器中的参数与数据极为相似。     

同步器摩擦传动机理建模与材料参数影响研究

为探明摩擦副材料参数对同步器同步过程的影响,建立了油膜压力、微凸体压力、同步环轴向力和同步转矩4个模型。利用4阶Runge-Kutta法对油膜厚度和转速差进行耦合求解,求得同步过程中油膜厚度、转速差、黏性转矩、粗糙接触转矩以及总转矩变化曲线。对所建模型进行试验验证后,利用所建模型研究了摩擦材料渗透性、摩擦副表面联合粗糙度、摩擦副当量弹性模量、摩擦因数变化规律对同步过程的影响。结果表明：摩擦材料渗透性减小导致油膜厚度变化速率下降,黏性转矩和粗糙接触响应延迟,同步时间延长;摩擦副表面联合粗糙度增大致使最小油膜厚度增大,黏性转矩峰值减小,粗糙接触转矩响应加快,同步时间缩短;摩擦副当量弹性模量增大导致最小油膜厚度增大,粗糙接触转矩增大,同步时间缩短;正斜率摩擦因数下粗糙接触转矩大于负斜率摩擦因数下粗糙接触转矩,同步时间相对较短。     

Multi-state control strategy of starting for a wet friction clutch via a fuzzy logic algorithm

Wet multi-plate friction clutches are used in automotive drivelines to transfer torque, change gears, and prevent motion by locking-up components in the transmission. The control strategy of starting is a crucial technology for the application of a wet multi-plate friction clutch in the automotive industry. In this paper, a multi-state fuzzy control strategy for starting is presented and applied to a continuously variably transmission (CVT) powertrain for the validation of this strategy. The operation of the clutch was divided into four states: parking, starting, riding and emergency. The starting state was investigated in detail. A fuzzy algorithm was employed to control the pressure of the hydraulic cylinder acting on the clutch. A distinguishing feature is that the pressure does not increase but decreases to implement smooth starting during the initial period of starting. The rapid-control prototype (RCP) of the wet friction clutch was developed to validate the new control strategy onboard a test vehicle. Based on the experimental results, the multi-state control strategy for a wet friction clutch is a viable candidate for engineering applications.     

基于驾驶机器人操纵的车辆起步质量研究

提出以车速跟踪偏差、冲击度、滑磨功为基于驾驶机器人操纵的车辆起步质量评价指标,选取发动机油门开度、离合器输出轴转速、离合器主从动轴转速差及离合器输出转速变化值作为起步过程控制参数进行车辆起步质量控制研究.确定了这些控制参数的控制规则,并提出了基于积分分离PID控制的起步离合器控制算法.试验结果表明,采用本文提出的起步质量控制策略与控制算法,可保证离合器接合过程中车速跟踪偏差不超过1.5 km/h、最大冲击度值为8.08 m/s3、起步时间约为1.5 s.     

灰铸铁飞轮疲劳失效分析

大马力飞轮是商用车一款大马力发动机的零部件,其搭载大马力发动机为商用车提供动力总成。飞轮在工作期间,因经常与离合器摩擦,售后市场出现离合器打滑,起步困难、抖动较大等整车问题,拆解后发现,飞轮表面出现磨损不平、表面微裂纹为主要的失效形态的现象。     

汽车离合器摩擦片数量选择及其参数优化设计

本文从理论计算上阐述了如何就汽车离合器的几种不同功能因素；转矩容量、滑磨功及摩擦片强度等几个方面来选择摩擦片数目的方法，并在此基础上提出了建立数学模型进行优化设计，选取参数的另一种方法。     

后置客车底盘离合器系统的匹配设计

简要介绍东风后置客车底盘的结构特点,并对其离合器系统的转矩容量、单位面积上的压力、圆周速度、比滑磨功、踏板行程、踏板力作的功和踏板力进行匹配设计;阐述后置客车底盘离合器系统安装与调整工作及其应注意的问题。