Study of predicting breakdown voltage of stator insulation in generator based on BP neural network

The breakdown voltage plays an important role in evaluating residual life of stator insulation in generator. In this paper, we discussed BP neural network that was used to predict the breakdown voltage of stator insulation in generator of 300 MW/18 kV. At first the neural network has been trained by the samples that include the varieties of dielectric loss factor tan δ, the partial discharge parameters and breakdown voltage. Then we tried to predict the breakdown voltage of samples and stator insulations subjected to multi-stress aging by the trained neural network. We found that it＇s feasible and accurate to predict the voltage. This method can be applied to predict breakdown voltage of other generators which have the same insulation structure and material.     

DATA MODELING METHOD BASED ON PARTIAL LEAST SQUARE REGRESSION AND APPLICATION IN CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE STATOR BARS CONDITION PARAMETERS

Objective To investigate various data message of the stator bars condition parameters under the condition that only a few samples are available, especially about correlation information between the nondestructive parameters and residual breakdown voltage of the stator bars. Methods Artificial stator bars is designed to simulate the generator bars. The partial didcharge(PD) and dielectric loss experiments are performed in order to obtain the nondestructive parameters, and the residual breakdown voltage acquired by AC damage experiment. In order to eliminate the dimension effect on measurement data, raw data is preprocessed by centered-- compress. Based on the idea of extracting principal components, a partial least square (PLS) method is applied to screen and synthesize correlation information between the nondestructive parameters and residual breakdown voltage easily. Moreover, various data message about condition parameters are also discussed. Results Graphical analysis function of PLS is easily to understand various data message of the stator bars condition parameters. The analysis Results are consistent with result of aging testing. Conclusion The method can select and extract PLS components of condition parameters from sample data, and the problems of less samples and malticollinearity are solved effectively in regression analysis.     

方波脉冲下电磁线绝缘寿命及局部放电特性分析

为探讨方波脉冲电压下电磁线的绝缘老化及破坏机理,采用高频高压脉冲绝缘寿命试验装置和局部放电测试系统,研究了不同频率和上升时间下的电磁线的绝缘寿命、局部放电特性及其影响因素,得到了方波脉冲电压下频率的绝缘老化寿命模型和上升时间的绝缘老化寿命模型.研究结果表明:随着脉冲频率的升高和上升时间的缩短,局部放电活动增强,电磁线寿命降低;上升时间的绝缘老化寿命模型和频率的绝缘老化寿命模型的相关系数分别为0.93和0.95.      

THE STUDY ON MEASURING TECHNIQUE OF PARTIAL DISCHARGE IN GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR USING ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY METHOD WITH EXTERNAL SENSORS

GISisusedwidelyallovertheworld,because theareaoccupiedbyaGISsubstationistypicallyon ly10-25%ofthatoftheequivalentairinsulated installation.Inordertoattainmorehighdegreeof reliabilityforGIS,thefailurescausedduringmanu facture,assemblinganderectionwillbeavo…     

电磁型高速磁浮列车直线发电机电动势计算

为解决高速电磁型高速磁浮车辆供电问题，推导了直线发电机线圈自感及互感位置函数．用有限元法计算有关参数，并通过模拟列车运行情况下直线发电机线圈、长定子同步电动机绕组和悬浮电磁铁励磁线圈的工作状况分析所得数据，推导出各位置函数的表达式和直线发电机电动势通式．当列车速度为100和150km/h时，计算值与实验结果相比误差小于7％．     

基于高光谱的复合绝缘子电晕老化状态评估

复合绝缘子由于其良好的憎水性和憎水迁移性在输电线路上得到了广泛应用,而电晕放电会造成复合绝缘子老化加剧而丧失性能.为此提出了一种基于高光谱技术的复合绝缘子电晕老化状态评估方法.首先,对全新硅橡胶复合绝缘片进行电晕老化,分析样本的傅里叶红外光谱变化,以傅里叶红外光谱图像作为老化状态分类的依据,将样品分为6个类别;然后,利用高光谱成像仪获取硅橡胶片表面不同波段的反射强度,采用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)对原始谱线进行特征提取;最后,建立基于支持向量机的电晕老化状态评估(support vector machines-insulator corona aging status evaluation,SVM-CASE)模型,对60组预测数据进行分类验证,并对比分析了不同核函数对于模型评估准确率的影响.高光谱检测及评估结果表明:不同老化时间下试样的高光谱图像有明显的区别,随着老化时间的增加,硅橡胶绝缘材料的光谱曲线在600～900 nm呈现反射率下降趋势;采用PCA算法进行特征提取后,利用polynomial核函数建立的评估模型的分类准确率达93...     

双馈风力发电系统MPPT控制技术的研究

介绍了变速恒频风力发电的基本原理,并采用定子磁链定向的矢量控制方法得到了双馈发电机的矢量控制系统模型.本文利用Matlab软件建立了该系统的仿真模型,仿真结果验证了这种矢量控制策略既能保证定子输出频率的恒定,又能达到有功功率和无功功率的独立解耦控制,同时还能较好地跟踪风力机的最大功率输出.     

基于Lyapunov理论的交流传动系统建模和稳定性分析

为完整分析PWM整流器-逆变器-电机串联交流传动系统的稳定性跟随主要系统参数变化的规律,基于各子系统的开关函数模型,结合空间矢量脉宽调制算法的开关函数在dq坐标系下的等效表达式,建立整个系统的状态空间模型,采用偏微分法进行线性化处理,得到系统的增量方程;基于Lyapunov第一法,采用MATLABMAT语言对系统的稳定性进行分析．仿真结果表明：在传动系统全速度范围内,增大PWM整流器滤波参数和电机定转子电阻有利于增加系统的稳定性,电机定转子电感的变化对系统稳定性的影响呈双极性变化．因此,合理选择系统设计参数,能够使系统保持较大的稳定区域,避免系统振荡现象的发生．     

Approach for Reliability Evaluation of Cross-Linked Polyethylene Under Combined Thermal and Vibration Stresses

Based on Wiener process model, a new approach for reliability evaluation of cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE) is proposed to improve the lifetime evaluation reliability of XLPE under multi-stressing conditions and study the failure probability distribution. In this paper, two accelerated aging tests are carried out under combined thermal and vibration conditions. The volume resistance degradation data of XLPE samples are tested with a24 h interval under the accelerated stressing conditions at(130℃, 12 m/s~2) and(150℃, 8.5 m/s~2), respectively.Nonlinear degradation data obtained from the experiment are transformed to linear intermediate-variable values using time scaling function, and then linearized degradation data are calculated and evaluated on the basis of linear Wiener process model. Considering traditional Arrhenius equation and inverse power criterion, parameters of the linear Wiener model are estimated according to the maximum likelihood function. The relationship curves on probability density and reliability are given, and the lifetime distribution of XLPE under different stressing conditions is also obtained for evaluating the reliability of XLPE insulation. Finally, the life expectancy of XLPE is 17.9 a under an allowance temperature of 90℃ and an actual vibration acceleration of 0.5 m/s~2. The approach and results in this paper may be used for reliability assessment of high-voltage multiple samples or apparatuses.     

Central pattern generator based gait control for planar quadruped robots

In this paper, a gait control scheme is presented for planar quadruped robots based on a biologic concept, namely central pattern generator （CPG）. A CPG is modeled as a group of the coupled nonlinear oscillators with an interaction weighting matrix which determines the gait patterns. The CPG model, mapping functions and a proportional-differential （PD） joint controller compose the basic gait generator. By using the duty factor of gait patterns as a tonic signal, the activity of the CPG model can be modulated, and as a result, a smooth transition between different gait patterns is achieved. Moreover, by tuning the parameters of the CPG model and mapping functions, the proposed basic gait generator can realize adaptive workspace trajectories for the robot to suit different terrains. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed gait controllers.     

脉冲方波频率对局部放电特性的影响及机理分析

为探讨脉冲方波电压频率对局部放电特性的影响,基于超高频(UHF)检测方法和IEEE 488.2传输协议,构建了宽频、高速数据采集局部放电测试系统.利用该系统,研究了变频电机耐电晕漆包线的局部放电脉冲幅值、相位和时频特性.研究结果表明:频率200 Hz以上的高频脉冲电压使空间电荷扩散效应减小,增大了局部放电初始电子产生的概率,使得局部放电瞬时电压降低,出现幅值小于200 mV的局部放电脉冲.在高频脉冲电压下,当局部放电发生在电压上升时段时,快速变化的电压幅值将改变局部放电特性,使得局部放电脉冲在1～2 GHz高频能量的比重增大.因此,根据相关标准检测变频电机局部放电时,为易于激发绝缘薄弱点处局部放电,宜采用频率低于200 Hz的低频脉冲方波电压,且局部放电超高频传感器在1.2 GHz及以上频率处应具有较好的增益特性,并采用500 MHz的高通滤波器,以提高测试系统的信噪比.      

寒区隧道温度场变化规律及空气幕保温效果

隧道洞口段铺设保温层不能完全解决寒区隧道的冻害问题,为此提出一种新型寒区隧道空气幕保温系统,采用叠加原理、分离变量法和贝塞尔特征函数建立列车风影响下寒区隧道温度场计算模型,研究不同列车运行速度和运行间隔时寒区隧道温度场的分布规律,验证了新型寒区隧道空气幕保温系统保温效果. 研究结果表明:当外界气温为 ?30 ℃,围岩地温为5 ℃时,隧道洞口段铺设保温层已无法满足寒区隧道保温需求,应与主动保温措施联合;寒区长大隧道结构防寒不应仅在洞口段,若列车运行速度大（大于200 km/h）、列车运行频率高（间隔小于30 min）,寒区长大隧道需要全隧道防寒;50 m的保温空气幕联合1 050 m的保温层可以满足外界气温为 ?30 ℃、围岩地温为5 ℃、列车运行速度为300 km/h、列车运行间隔为10 min这种极端情况下寒区隧道的保温需求.      

广州地铁一号线牵引电机烧损分析及对策

广州地铁一号线在最近2年的运行过程中，已经出现5起牵引电机烧损故障。故障现象表现为定子绕组绝缘击穿，线圈与定子铁芯电腐蚀严重，转子表面对应于定子绕组烧损处出现环状烧痕。本文针对一号线牵引电机烧损现象，分析了产生原因并提出了应对措施。     

废水处理用等离子体窄脉冲电源的研制

主要论述了一种气体放电等离子体窄脉冲电源装置的构成及工作性能;尤其对自行研制的核心部件八电极旋转火花隙开关（RSGS）的大小,尺寸结构进行了说明．分析了电源主电路工作原理,对电路的动态工作进行数学建模和解析求解,为电源设计和元件参数选取提供了依据．通过此套电源所产生出的高压脉冲波形,具有上升沿小于100BS,脉宽不大于1μs,脉冲频率可调,脉冲功率大等特点．通过实验表明,该电源应用于产生等离子体进行废水净化等领域,具有良好的降解效果．     

Study on Bush Tree Growth in XLPE Using 3D PD Patterns

Exploitation of equipment with cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulationrequires its condition monitoring and diagnostic. Traditionally diagnostics of insulation is carriedout by means of partial discharge detection. However, such identification of a defect, forexample, void, inclusion or treeing, does not say about its danger from a point of view of fullinsulation gap breakdown and insulation construction failure. For this purpose a 29 kV CN-CVcable sample is studied. The experiment is based on research for determination of thedependencies between PD characteristics in XLPE upon time and three dimension PD patternsof corresponding treeing. The investigations were carried out by means of electricalmeasurement of PD current and simultaneous optical recording of treeing image. The needle-plane electrode is applied as the electrode. As a result,-q-n PD patterns which are used asthe bases to bush tree initialization and growth can be obtained. Test results show that PDpattern recognition can be applied as a powerful tool for recognizing electrical tree initializationand growth. This can make a good basis for on-line condition monitoring of high voltage powercable.     

汽车交流发电机端盖栅格对其气动噪声和温度特性的综合影响

为了同步提高目前新能源汽车发电机的气动噪声性能和散热效果，满足更严苛的噪声、振动与声振粗糙度需求，以某型汽车交流发电机为研究对象，基于台架试验和数值仿真方法探究端盖栅格对气动噪声和温度场分布的综合影响规律；基于五点法获得了噪声声压级分布，基于多热电偶测点获得了关键部件的温度分布，基于计算流体动力学仿真软件和电磁场Maxwell仿真软件获得了发电机内部的流场、声场和温度场分布，采用试验结果验证数值计算模型的正确性；在分析原始发电机气动噪声特性和温度场特性的基础上，设计了具有不同倾角的端盖栅格侧壁以降低冷却气流冲击的动能损失，探讨了端盖栅格倾角和扇叶气流出口角的合理匹配，并基于牛顿冷却理论研究了波状端盖栅格对增加换热表面面积和降低气动噪声的影响。研究结果表明:端盖栅格结构对气动噪声有较大贡献，同时也对冷却效果产生显著影响；端盖栅格侧壁倾斜40°时能够和扇叶气流出口角更合理地匹配，有效减少冷却气流冲击的能量损失，三相定子绕组最高温度降低9.63 K，12阶次气动噪声降低3 dB(A)以上；波纹状端盖栅格增加对流换热面积和气流速度的同时降低了气动冲击作用，使得端盖散热量增加7.72 W，定子铁芯、端盖和三相定子绕组温度分别降低了5.12、4.94和5.29 K，栅格对涡流的改善以及气流对栅格的冲击削弱使12和24阶次气动噪声降低3 dB(A)以上。      

液压对柱板电极下绝缘油纸沿面放电的影响

探明油纸绝缘在不同液压条件下的放电特性,既可以完善油纸绝缘设备的运检策略,也可以为油纸绝缘设备小型轻量化提供参考. 为此,在自行设计的密闭无局放容器中,对柱板油纸绝缘模型进行不同液压条件下（0.01 ~ 0.60 MPa）的沿面放电试验. 测量了不同液压下油纸绝缘柱板沿面放电发展过程中的放电表征参量,记录了从起始放电到击穿过程中的多个局部放电参数,拍摄了放电过程中白斑和气体现象;根据前人的研究结果,结合不同液压下气体的溶解和压缩规律,推导出了压强增加对油纸绝缘中的气体缺陷具有抑制效应;通过不同液压下放电过程中的白斑和气泡现象,对推导结果进行了验证. 试验和推导结果共同表明:沿面放电的起始放电电压和击穿电压均随压强的上升而增加;在同一电压等级下,最大放电量、平均放电量、放电重复率和放电功率均随压强的上升而减小.      

A SIMULATIONAL STUDY OF PRECIPITATION KINETICS AND MORPHOLOGY IN NITRIDATION OF ALLOY STEELS

IntroductionPreopationofultrideslikeAIN,Cffe,VN,TNandNbNplmpakeyroleinschceStrengtforngofalloysteelsbynitrdation.TheprocessisbasicallyillternaldridationofallOyscOmPosedofbasematalslikeFeandreactiveelemedslikeAl,UndecolltrOlledenvirondtoprevIttfonnndonofsdsescaleofbasemetalnitrdes,resemblinginternaloxidationofsimilartweofalloys[l].NUmericalmassttansferanalysisofnitridationkineticshasbeenwellestablished['],howeycfthefactthatthcyneglectinforactionofninogeneddride-formingatomsPreventsitfro…     

沥青老化性能评价方法

为了分析旋转薄膜烘箱试验(RTFOT)评价沥青结合料整体老化性能的合理性,以及长期老化与短期老化试验结果之间的关系,采用组分试验、常规指标以及Superpave指标对沥青经短期老化试验(RTFOT)和长期老化试验(PAV)的样品进行了试验研究。结果表明长期老化后沥青样品的组分变化规律与短期老化不一致,物理指标增减幅度不同,但如按指标评价沥青的抗老化特性,两种不同老化方式的沥青优劣排序基本一致,这说明虽然短期老化不能全面反映沥青的抗老化特性,但在目前情况下作为沥青的优选方法是可行的。     

类矩形盾构隧道衬砌结构设计模型研究

为了得到适用于类矩形盾构隧道结构设计模型,通过整环足尺试验模拟类矩形盾构隧道在正常运营工况下的实际受力,得到试验结构的变形和内力,采用等效刚度模型和梁-弹簧模型对试验结果进行分析,得到有效的类矩形盾构隧道结构设计参数. 结果表明:采用等效刚度模型作为类矩形盾构隧道结构计算模型,难以得到同时符合结构长短轴变形的管片刚度折减系数;采用梁-弹簧模型作为类矩形盾构隧道结构计算模型,结构变形和结构内力计算结果和足尺试验结果较为匹配,能真实反应类矩形盾构隧道结构受力,选用梁-弹簧模型作为类矩形盾构隧道结构计算模型更为合理,所研究类矩形结构管片接缝的抗剪刚度建议为341 × 106～368 × 106 N/m;负弯矩接缝抗弯刚度建议为114 × 106～491 × 106 N?m/rad,正弯矩接缝抗弯刚度范围为85 × 106～177 × 106 N?m/rad.