行人保护下腿碰撞器模块分析

行人保护项目是世界范围内的一个安全课题,已越来越多地受到人们的关注。下腿碰撞是行人保护评价的重要内容之一,而下腿碰撞器模块直接影响评价结果。文章介绍了当前世界上的3种下腿碰撞器模块,分析了各自的结构特点和应用,总结了3种下腿碰撞器模块对车辆行人保护评价的差异性,对我国刚刚起步的车辆行人保护项目的研究和开展提供了一定的借鉴。     

基于EuroNCAP行人头部保护的某SUV车型建模与优化

基于2013版本EuroNCAP行人保护5星评价标准,建立了某SUV车型前端结构有限元模型,利用头模撞击器,结合试验结果,对该sUv车型行人保护头部碰撞性能进行了试验和仿真分析,同时结合各个碰撞点的局部结构特征,对车身局部进行了有针对性的改进设计.结果表明,优化后的车身结构降低了头部模型碰撞加速度和HIC15值,提高了行人头部保护性能.     

基于行人腿部保护的商用车保险杠系统参数优化分析

建立了某型商用车前部结构的有限元模型,基于GTR法规对行人腿部保护的规定,采用正交试验设计方法进行碰撞模拟试验及参数灵敏度分析,找出了影响商用车行人腿部保护性能的主要设计参数,并从结构和造型角度提出了改进此款车型腿部保护性能的方法。     

为了所有人的安全——广汽本田国内首次行人假人碰撞实验

目前汽车的安全性已经得到越来越多人的重视，尽管伴随着不少争议，CN-CAP碰撞的结果还是在消费者和厂商心中拥有了越来越重要的地位。不过，与欧洲和日本汽车市场相比，目前国内还没有车辆与行人发生事故时对行人保护的标准。2009年8月23日，广汽本田在天津中国汽车技术研究中心车辆碰撞试验室举行了国内首例行人保护碰撞试验，第八代雅阁轿车以40km／h的速度撞击Honda最新研发的新一代行人假人POLAR Ⅲ。通过对试验数据的分析，来自Honda研究所的安全技术专家宣布国内首次行人保护碰撞试验获得了圆满成功。     

基于EuroNCAP的成人头部碰撞保护设计研究

成人头部碰撞保护一直是车辆行人安全设计的难点,随着ENCAP对行人保护的要求不断提高,成人头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章以SMTC某车型的行人保护开发为例,分别从造型、布置、结构等方面分析了成人头部碰撞保护的设计原则与改进方法,并通过试验与CAE仿真分析,验证了本文结论的对提高成人头部碰撞保护性能的有效性。     

有利于行人头部保护的碰撞波形研究

对行人头部碰撞波形进行了合理简化,研究了3种典型简化波形对行人头部碰撞所需吸能空间的影响,推导出了满足头部伤害指标HIC=1000且所需吸能空间最小的最优简化波形,提出了有利于行人头部保护的碰撞波形改进措施.建立了某车型行人头部碰撞有限元模型并进行了试验验证,结果表明,所提改进措施可以有效地提高行人头部保护性能.     

乘用车前保险杠系统耐撞性分析与优化

针对行人保护柔性腿型(Flex-PLI)、RCAR低速碰撞、高速偏置碰撞3种工况,采用有限元建模方法,对某车型前保险杠系统进行耐撞性仿真分析,分析表明该车前保险杠系统不能满足碰撞安全性要求。以前保险杠系统主要结构参数为变量进行正交试验设计,利用综合分析法对前保险杠结构进行优化匹配。在结构优化的基础上,以厚度为变量利用响应面和多目标遗传算法对前保险杠系统的安全性能和质量进行了进一步优化,其整体耐撞性能得到提升。     

基于行人保护的SUV前保险杠防撞系统优化

为减小SUV车型在人车碰撞中对行人小腿的伤害,文章对SUV车型前保险杠造型进行了优化。分析了上支撑与下支撑布置和材料对小腿碰撞伤害值的影响,结果表明,当前保险杠上支撑安装位置处于小腿上部质心以下时,上支撑与小腿上部质心距离及上支撑材料对胫骨加速度值影响较大,上支撑与下支撑距离与下支撑材料对剪切位移影响较大。采用优化后的前保险杠防撞系统有效地控制了行人小腿伤害值,有利于该车型行人保护性能的提升,为以后SUV车型行人保护前保险杠防撞系统设计提供一些参考。     

行人腿型冲击器生物力学响应分析

本文对Flex-PLI、Flex-PLI/UBM和aPLI三种行人腿型冲击器进行了试验结果分析对比,研究了三种腿型冲击器的生物力学响应特性.本文试验中,这三种冲击器对同一款SUV的车辆中央位置和车辆边缘位置分别进行碰撞冲击,试验结果显示Flex-PLI在股骨损伤方面存在一定缺陷,在冲击车辆高度较高的SUV试验中,Fle...     

基于行人保护法规和NCAP评价的试验精度分析

在行人保护试验中,头型或腿型的冲击速度、角度和位置的精度对试验结果有重大影响。论文基于行人保护法规及新车碰撞测试评价规程对行人保护冲击模块的冲击速度、角度和位置的不同要求,分析了重力、摩擦、冲击器形状、汽车前部造型等因素对冲击速度、角度和位置的影响,并提出一种保障冲击速度、角度和位置精度的补偿方法。最后以电磁式行人保护冲击试验设备为载体,通过试验验证了该补偿方法的有效性。     

基于EEVC要求的行人碰撞试验台的研制和评估

基于EEVC/WG17制定的行人碰撞保护试验标准,开展了行人模块碰撞试验台的研制工作。文中介绍了该试验台的工作原理和各个功能模块的设计,并利用该试验台进行了行人头部模块和下肢模块碰撞试验,从能量、控制精度和试验可重复性等方面对其试验能力进行了初步评估。试验结果表明,该试验台满足EEVC制定的相关试验要求,可用于行人碰撞保护的研究和设计开发。     

Assessment of the pedestrian friendliness of a vechicle using subsystem impact tests

Annually, thousands of unprotected pedestrians are killed or suffer serious injuries in accidents with moving vehicles. Numerous automobile organizations have performed research on pedestrian safety. The European Enhanced Vehicle- Safety Committee (EEVC), Working Group 17 (WG17) proposed three component subsystem tests to evaluate the friendliness of a vehicle to pedestrians: the legform to hood test, the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test and the headform to bonnet top test. In assessing the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle, the present study adopted the WG17 regulations of the three component subsystem tests. We herein describe in detail a finite element subsystem model built to analyze the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle using LS-DYNA. The first objective of this study was to simulate these three component subsystem impact tests and evaluate car front aggressiveness. The second objective was to analyze the frontal structures of a vehicle and, based on the simulation results, identify dangerous areas and provide suggestions for vehicle front design that may decrease pedestrian injuries. The analysis of these models and the results obtained may be used to help evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

Optimum SUV bumper system design considering pedestrian performance

Until recently, passenger cars have primarily interested in pedestrian protection performance. Nowadays, however, it is important for a sport-utility vehicle (SUV) to meet the bumper system standards for pedestrian safety. For a SUV bumper system, there are some difficulties in attaining a high level of pedestrian performance for the lower legform. An SUV has a high bumper position from the ground level, and the bumper approach angle must also be secured, which has an effect on car insurance fees. Due to these reasons, it is difficult to meet the pedestrian performance of the lower legform for an SUV. In this paper, a comparative study was performed on various SUV bumper systems, and a concept model for a SUV bumper system was developed, which is expected to meet the pedestrian performance by using the Pugh method. The design control factors were defined to affect the bumper pedestrian performance through the experiences of tests and analyses. For the noise factor to affect the pedestrian performance, the deviation of the impactor position was selected at the moment of impact. The design control factors were optimized by using the Taguchi optimization technique. For the Taguchi method, an L18 orthogonal array table of design control factors was used in the optimization process. Particularly, for the optimization of the bumper corner region, an optimization analysis was performed three times to meet pedestrian performance. Based on the results of the Taguchi optimization method, the sensitivity of the bumper design parameters was studied, and a new SUV bumper system is proposed that satisfies the pedestrian performance of the lower legform. The optimized bumper system should obtain a full Euro-NCAP score of 6 points for the bumper test. The pedestrian performance of the optimized bumper system is validated by using a CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) analysis, which has been proven to be in accurate. A comparison between the test and analysis results is shown for the validation of accuracy. By using the optimized bumper system, the tests and development costs of a bumper can be reduced.     

行人-汽车碰撞试验腿部模块的可变形膝关节参数设计

根据行人-汽车碰撞中对行人腿部碰撞保护相关技术法规的要求,针对行人下肢的损伤机理,分析了腿部可变形膝关节部件的设计方法。通过力学模型的建立和分析,提出了确定膝关节部件结构类型、尺寸和材料的力学计算方法以及部件标定试验验证方案。经算例和部件的标定试验验证,该设计方法满足EEVCWG10的弯曲部分技术要求,可变形膝关节设计原理和分析方法可以为其他行人腿部模块技术规范中的部件设计提供参考。     

行人保护小腿冲击器有限元模型开发

针对TRL公司开发的行人保护小腿冲击器,建立了有限元模型.通过EEVC WG17规定的静态、动态标定试验及台架试验,进一步证实了该模型在高速碰撞下的精度,可用于行人保护的开发设计.     

Injury analysis of pedestrians in collisions using the pedestrian deformable model

Vehicle safety has become the most important issue in automobile design. However, all efforts to improve safety devices focus on enhancing safety features for occupants. Notably, pedestrians are the second largest category of motor vehicle deaths, after occupants, and account for about 13 percent of motor vehicle deaths. It is essential to design pedestrian-friendly vehicles and pedestrian protection systems to reduce pedestrian fatalities and injuries. To effectively assess pedestrian injuries resulting from vehicle impact, a deformable pedestrian model must be developed for vehicle-pedestrian collision analysis. This study constructs a pedestrian-collision numerical model based on LS-DYNA finite element code. To verify the accuracy of the proposed deformable pedestrian model, experimental data are used in the pedestrian model test. This study applies the proposed model to analyze the dynamic responses and injuries of pedestrians involved in collisions. The modeled results can help assess vehicle pedestrian friendliness and assist in the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

基于交通事故深度调查数据的行人头部损伤特征研究

基于未来出行交通事故场景研究 （Future Mobile Traffic Accident Scenario Study,FASS） 数据库中135例人车碰 撞事故深度调查数据,对造成行人头部损伤的来源及车速对头部损伤来源的影响进行了统计分析。采用Spearman相关系 数检验法,建立了车辆速度区间与头部平均 MAIS 的回归模型。结果表明,行人头部致伤物主要来源于车辆,占比约 58%,其次为地面,占比约40%。行人事故中,碰撞车速对行人头部损伤来源的分布情况有一定的影响,当车速低于30 km/h时,行人头部损伤主要来源为地面,当车速为 ［30,50］ km/h时,车辆和地面对行人头部造成的损伤风险相近,当 车速高于 50 km/h时,行人头部损伤主要致伤物来源为车辆。因此,在进行交通损伤流行病学研究、交通损伤事故数据 库构建时,特别是在中低速碰撞中,应重视地面对头部造成损伤的风险。     

基于E—NCAP行人碰撞保护的发动机罩设计

行人头部碰撞保护一直是汽车行人安全设计的难点,随着E—NCAP对行人保护要求的不断提高,头部保护的得分比重对于获得高星级评价至关重要。文章基于某车型E—NCAPV6．2五星性能开发,采用虚拟仿真与试验测试有效结合的方法,对发动机罩进行了优化设计,提出了一种有利于行人头部碰撞保护的发动机罩。改进前后测试成绩的对比分析表明,该结构可极大优化行人头部碰撞保护效果,使发动机罩头部测试区域得分总分提升至24．43分,满足E—NCAPV6．2五星行人保护性能要求。可为后续设计提供参考,具有很高的推广价值。     

轿车与6岁儿童行人不同方位碰撞中下肢损伤分析

Euro NCAP发布的行人模型认证技术公告TB024的最新版本对6岁儿童行人模型认证提出了单独要求,旨在加强对儿童行人的保护.本研究应用符合Euro NCAP技术公告(TB024)规定并且具有详细解剖学结构的6岁儿童行人有限元模型,设置了4组不同方位行人-汽车碰撞仿真试验,以探究不同碰撞方位下的儿童下肢损伤机理.结果...