Examining the effect of speed,roadside features,and roadway geometry on crash experience along a rural corridor

This paper presents a current investigation into crash experience along a 15.7-mile rural corridor in southwest Montana with the aim of better understanding crash causal factors along the corridor. The study utilized ten years of crash data, geometric data, and observed freeflow speed data along the corridor. A systematic approach was used where every tenth of a mile was described in term of the crash experience, speed, alignment, and roadside features. Using bivariate and multivariate statistical anal-yses, the study investigated the crash experience along the corridor as well as some of the underlying relationships which could explain some of the crash causal factors. Results show a strong association between crash rates and horizontal curvatures even for flat curves that can be negotiated at speeds above the posted speed limit, per the highway design equations. Higher crash rates were also found to be associated with the difference between the observed free-flow speeds and the speed dictated by the curve radius or sight distance as per the design equations. Further, results strongly support the safety benefits of guardrails as evidenced by the lower crash rates and severities. The presence of fixed objects and the steepness of side slopes were also found to have an effect on crash rates and severities.     

Leave the expressway or not？ Impact of dynamic information

This study investigates drivers＇ diversion decision behavior under expressway variable message signs that provide travel time of both an expressway route and a local street route. Both a conventional cross-sectional logit model and a mixed logit model are developed to model drivers＇ response to travel time information. It is based on the data collected from a stated preference survey in Shanghai, China. The mixed logit model captures the heterogeneity in the value of ＂travel time＂ and ＂number of traffic lights＂ and accounts for correlations among repeated choices of the same respondent. Results show that travel time saving and driving experience serve as positive factors, while the number of traffic lights on the arterial road, expressway use frequency, being a middle-aged driver, and being a driver of an employer-provided car serve as negative factors in diversion. The mixed logit model obviously outperforms the cross-sectional model in dealing with repeated choices and capturing heterogeneity regarding the goodness-of-fit criterion. The significance of standard deviations of random coefficients for travel time and number of traffic lights evidences the existence of hetero- geneity in the driver population. The findings of this study have implications for future efforts in driver behaviormodeling and advanced traveler information system assessment.     

A multi-scale point of view on the structure-property relationships of A15 superconductors

Nb3Sn and other A15 members have been widely applied in nuclear power, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-energy particle accelerators for their high critical current density （Jc） and upper critical field （Bc2）. There have been comprehensive and intensive studies on the applications, the fundamental lattice dynamic and electronic properties, etc., of A15 superconductors. Various reviews on the preparations, structures, and properties have already been written in the last few years. Nevertheless, on account of the large amount of existing facts and views, a coherent view on the relations between the structures and properties has not appeared to unify the facts. This article sketches a multi-scale point of view on the relations between the multi- scale structures and the corresponding properties.     

Parametric analysis of wheel wear in high-speed vehicles

In order to reduce the wheel profile wear of highspeed trains and extend the service life of wheels, a dynamic model for a high-speed vehicle was set up, in which the wheelset was regarded as flexible body, and the actual measured track irregularities and line conditions were considered. The wear depth of the wheel profile was calculated by the well-known Archard wear law. Through this model, the influence of the wheel profile, primary suspension stiffness, track gage, and rail cant on the wear of wheel profile were studied through multiple iterafive calculations. Numerical simulation results show that the type XP55 wheel profile has the smallest cumulative wear depth, and the type LM wheel profile has the largest wear depth. To reduce the wear of the wheel profile, the equivalent conicity of the wheel should not be too large or too small. On the other hand, a small primary vertical stiffness, a track gage around 1,435-1,438 mm, and a rail cant around 1：35-1：40 are beneficial for dynamic performance improvement and wheel wear alleviation.     

Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset

In order to improve the curving performance of the conventional wheelset in sharp curves and resolve the steering ability problem of the independently rotating wheel in large radius curves and tangent lines, a differential cou- pling wheelset （DCW） was developed in this work. The DCW was composed of two independently rotating wheels （IRWs） coupled by a clutch-type limited slip differential. The differential contains a static pre-stress clutch, which could lock both sides of IRWs of the DCW to ensure a good steering performance in curves with large radius and tangent track. In contrast, the clutch could unlock the two IRWs of the DCW in a sharp curve to endue it with the characteristic of an IRW, so that the vehicles can go through the tight curve smoothly. To study the dynamic performance of the DCW, a multi-body dynamic model of single bogie with DCWs was established. The self-centering capability, hunting stability, and self-steering performance on a curved track were analyzed and then compared with those of the conventional wheelset and IRW. Finally, the effect of coupling parameters of the DCW on the dynamic performance was investigated.     

Finite element analysis of overlay incorporating stress absorbing membrane interlayers against reflective cracking

A wheel tracking test was modelled to gain better understanding of the deflection and stress-strain distribution in an overlaid cracked pavements with and without membrane interlayer （SAMI）. For this purpose, commercial finite element software Abaqus 6.7-1 was used. Two different models were considered, one incorporating stress absorbing membrane interlayers （SAMIs） and the other without SAMI. In the study, full bond condition was assumed for the boundaries between the layers, and a linear elastic model was used for the analysis. The results show that introduction of SAMI caused greater deflection of the pavement. It is found that although with SAMIs, low stiffness is required, a very low stiffness may yield undesirable results. The results show that the introduction of SAMIs results in high strain concentration around the crack region, whilst the strain in the overlay is smaller than the values predicted in the models without SAMIs.     

The influence of Laval nozzle throat size on supersonic molecular beam injection

In this study, finite element analysis （FEA） has been used to investigate the effects of different Laval nozzle throat sizes on supersonic molecular beam. The simulations indicate the Mach numbers of the molecular stream peak at different positions along the center axis of the beam, which correspond to local minimums of the molecular densities. With the increase of the throat diameter, the first peak of the Mach number increases first and then decreases, while that of the molecular number density increases gradually. Moreover, both first peaks shift progressively away from the throat. At the last part, we discuss the possible applications of our FEA approach to solve some crucial problems met in modern transportations.     

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with the re-orientation of general education at the universities and colleges in Greater China in the twenty-first century. It is argued that the major challenge lies in the transformation of knowledge into wisdom so that it will facilitate improving students＂ life. It stresses that the methods of the merging of general education and life education lies in the self-transformation of teachers and the change of pedagogical approaches. This paper concludes that teaching is not only a profession, but also a mission. The teacher must always embrace a sense of gratitude while engaging in teaching and research work. This is where the deepest importance of our education lies.     

DC and AC transport properties on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3

Magnetoresistive sensor can be widely used in modem transportation field, such as the vehicle positioning and navigation system, vehicle detection system, and intelligent transportation system. In order to improve the efficiency of magnetoresistive sensor, we synthesized Lao.sSro.2MnO3 polycrystalline bulks at different sintering temperatures and investigated their DC and AC transport properties in this work. As a result, all samples showed insulator-metal （I-M） phase transition, and the transition temperature （TI-M） shifted to higher temperature with the increase of sintering temperature. The TI-M measured at different AC frequencies was smaller than that measured at DC condition, which implied that the I-M phase transition was suppressed at AC frequencies. The resistivity mea- sured at high AC frequencies was larger than that measured at low AC frequencies, which could be attributed to the change of the magnetic penetration depth （6）. However, the room-temperature AC-magnetoresistance （MR） at low frequencies was much larger than that at high frequencies and room-temperature DC-MR. These findings demon- strate that reducing the AC frequency is an effective way for enhancing the room-temperature MR, which can be used to promote the efficiency of magnetoresistive sensor.     

阿尔斯通：积极应对中国轨道交通市场深刻变化——访阿尔斯通交通运输亚太区高级副总裁兼阿尔斯通中国区总裁Dominique POULIQUEN

当前,全球轨道交通市场正在发生深刻的变化,如何不断考虑和面对市场重心的转移,如何积极应对本土化,是任何一个跨国企业所面临的重大问题。全球交通运输巨头阿尔斯通,基于对全球乃至中国市场的深刻理解,正密切关注新生力量的变化并针对新的市场环境调整自己的发展战略。     

Tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene coatings based on LY12 substrates in the space environment

The spacecraft space radiation environment was simulated by60 Co source. The polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) coatings were fabricated on LY12 substrates. And the effect of gamma(γ) irradiation on the tribological behavior of PTFE coatings under vacuum conditions was investigated. Results indicate that the radiation dose has insignificant effect on the friction coefficient of PTFE coatings, and the wear of PTFE coatings reduces with the increase of gamma dose. As the gamma dose was 100 kGy, the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings first increased with the increase of sliding velocity and then decreased, and the wear of the PTFE coatings decreased with the increase of sliding speed. As the gamma dose was 100 kGy, the friction coefficient of the PTFE coatings first decreased with the increase of load and then increased, and the wear rate of PTFE coatings increased with the increase of load. Scanning electron microscope was utilized.     

Improvement of immunoassay detection sensitivity by using well-defined raspberry-like magnetic microbeads as carriers

Well-defined raspberry-like magnetic microbeads(RMMBs) as immunoassay solid carriers were prepared by chemical covalent binding between Fe3O4 magnetic microspheres and SiO2 nanoparticles. These RMMBs were not as agglomerative as nano-sized magnetie particles( 200 nm), which was an advangtage for high efficient magnetic separation. When compared to Fe3O4@SiO2core-shell magnetic microbeads(CMMBs) with smooth surface, RMMBs exhibited stronger capacity to bind biomolecules. Limit of blank(LoB) and limit of detection(LoD) of HBsAg detection using RMMBs as carriers via chemiluminiscence immunoassay(CLIA) were 0.472 and1.022 μg/L, respectively, showing a notable improvement compared with CMMBs whose LoB and LoD were 1.017 and 1.988 μg/L, respectively. All these indicated a great potential of RMMBs in immunoassay application.     

LHRH-PE40与正常肝组织和肝癌细胞表面LHRH受体结合特性的比较研究

目的　探讨重组促性腺激素释放激素 绿脓杆菌外毒素 4 0 (LHRH PE4 0 )与正常肝脏组织和肝癌细胞表面受体结合特性的差异。方法　用放射性配基结合分析的方法测定亲和力和受体容量。结果　LHRH PE4 0与肝癌细胞HEPG细胞的亲和力Kd为 (0 .4 3± 0 .12 )nmol·L-1,受体容量Bmax为 (0 .37± 0 .15 )nmol·mg-1,与正常肝脏组织未见结合。结论　重组毒素LHRH PE4 0和肝癌细胞HEPG的表面受体有较强的结合 ,而和正常肝脏组织无特异性结合。     

原发性高血压患者红细胞膜胰岛素受体与钙、镁代谢的关系

目的　探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者钙、镁离子代谢与红细胞膜胰岛素受体 (EIR)之间的联系及在胰岛素抵抗中的作用。方法　观察 47例EH病人及 30例正常对照红细胞内Ca2 +、Mg2 +含量 ,2 4h尿Ca2 +、Mg2 +排泄量 ,红细胞膜Ca2 +,Mg2 + ATP酶和Na+,K+ ATP酶的活性变化。结果　①EH组患者胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)、红细胞内Mg2 +含量、2 4h尿Mg2 +排泄量、EIR的低亲合位点数 (RT2 )、Ca2 +,Mg2 + ATP酶和Na+,K+ ATP酶活性减低。红细胞内Ca2 +含量、EIR的解离常数KD2 增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。②EH组ISI与RT2 、红细胞内Mg2 +含量呈正相关 ;RT2 与红细胞内Mg2 +含量、2 4h尿Ca2 +、Mg2 +排泄量呈正相关。③以RT2 为应变量 ,红细胞内Mg2 +含量 (X1 )、2 4h尿Ca2 +(X2 )、2 4h尿Mg2 +排泄量 (X3)为自变量的多元线性逐步回归分析中 ,X1 、X2 进入方程。结论　钙、镁代谢障碍可能是EH胰岛素抵抗时红细胞膜胰岛素低亲和受体水平下调的主要因素。     

On global behavior of the system of rational difference equations xn+1=p+xn/yn-k,yn+1=q+yn/xn-k

In this paper, we investigate the boundedness character, the global attractivity and the periodic nature of the svstem of ratiol difference equatious:xn+1=p+yn-k/xn,yn+1=q+xn-k/yn,n=0,1,2..., where p>0, q>0, k∈ of the system of rational difference equations:xn+1=P+yn-k/xn, yn=q+xn-k/yn,n=0,1,2 {1,2,…} and the initial values x1, y1∈(0,∞), i=- k, -k+1,… 0. Some new results are obtained.     

碱金属离子掺杂对CaWO4:Tb^3+发光和余辉性能的影响

钨酸钙作为一类优越的无机发光材料,以其稳定的化学、物理性质,吸引了广泛的注意.而共掺碱金属离子对绿色CaWO4:Tb3+荧光粉的发光及余辉性能的影响尚未报道,因此本文采用高温固相法在空气氛围下制备了Li+,Na+,K+掺杂的CaWO4:Tb3+系列绿色荧光粉,并通过XRD、激发光谱、发射光谱、余辉衰减、热释光谱等对其发光性能和余辉性能做了相关测试和研究.通过研究比较,当共掺杂不同碱金属离子作电荷补偿时CaWO4:Tb3+的发光及余辉性能得到不同程度的提高.     

Effect of Cu Co-doping on the magnetism of Zn0.95Co0.05O films

Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O (atomic ratio, x = 0?C8%) thin films are fabricated on Si(111) substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Detailed characterizations indicate that the doped Cu ions substitute the Zn²⁺ ions in ZnO lattice. The doped Cu ions are in +1 and +2 mixture valent state. The ferromagnetism of the Zn_0.95?x Co_0.05Cu _x O film increases gradually with the increase of the Cu⁺ ion concentration till x = 6%, but decreases for higher Cu concentration. Experimental results indicate that the increase of ferromagnetism is not owing to the magnetic contribution of Cu⁺ ions themselves, but owing to the enhancement of magnetic interaction between Co²⁺ ions, which suggests that p-type doping of Cu⁺ ions plays an important role in mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between Co ions.     

膨胀土地基路基填方失稳破坏模式分析

南宁—百色高速公路路堤病害中以在膨胀土斜坡地基上填筑的路堤发生滑移和坍塌最为严重。当路堤沿公路路线方向和垂直路线方向有一定坡度时,填筑路堤都有发生滑移的危险。通过对南百高速公路K169+500m~K 189+400 m段路堤失稳破坏调查,总结出膨胀土地基路堤填方的3种破坏模式,即以横向为主的滑移、以纵向为主的滑移以及存在纵横向的空间滑移模式。采用有限元强度折减法对路堤的破坏模式进行模拟,探讨了路堤破坏的原因。对《公路路基设计规范》(JTG D 30—2004)有关膨胀土地基路堤填方规定有了新的思考,为在膨胀土地基上进行填方施工研究提供了新的思路。     

增生算子的非线性方程的逼近法

设X是一致凸且一致光滑的实Banach空间,T:D(T),X"X是定义域为闭集D(T),值域为有界集R(T)的m-增生算子,本文证明了Ishikawa迭代强收敛到方程x+Tx=f的唯一解。     

Cr/Na-ZSM-5催化剂的制备及表征

以Cr（NO3）3为Cr源,Na/ZSM-5为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列Cr基催化剂（Cr的质量分数分别为0%,2.5%,5%,7.5%,10%）,分别在873 K和1 073 K下焙烧.采用FT-IR、XRD、BET和SEM等测试手段对产物的结构进行了表征.在自主微型固定反应器上,采用CO2-TPD和H2-TPR反应考察了催化剂的性能.结果表明：活性组分Cr2O3均匀的分散在Na/ZSM-5载体的表面,并且对催化剂的酸碱性和还原性有一定的影响.焙烧温度的不同对催化剂有很大影响,在873 K下焙烧的催化剂具有较好的结构和形貌,而在1073 K焙烧的催化剂出现塌陷现象.