主动控制式限滑差速器结构分析及其性能评价

对电液式、电磁式和电机式主动控制限滑差速器结构特点和工作原理进行了分析,提出以内摩擦转矩(限滑转矩)、锁紧系数、转矩比、差速器效率、差速器传动效率等性能参数来综合评价主动控制式限滑差速器的性能.推荐采用限滑转矩与左、右半轴转速差关系曲线来表征基本限滑性能;采用锁紧系数和转矩比时间历程曲线来表征动态限滑性能;采用锁紧系数、转矩比分布直方图对限滑性能进行统计分析.     

导球式限滑差速器结构及工作原理

限滑差速器可提高汽车驱动性、通过性及操纵稳定性。简述了车用限滑差速器的分类及其优、缺点。导球式限滑差速器是近年新出现的一种结构简单的转矩敏感式限滑差速器。介绍了导球式限滑差速器的结构,论述了其差速运动及限制滑动的原理。     

越野汽车蜗轮蜗杆式限滑差速器的研究

蜗轮蜗杆限滑差速器克服普通锥齿轮差速器平均分配转矩防滑性能差的缺点,有效地提高了汽车的通过性和安全性。首先对限滑差速器和普通锥齿轮差速器性能进行分析比较,然后介绍了蜗轮蜗杆差速器的结构、工作原理、转矩分配原理以及性能评价指标,最后以某越野汽车为实例对其蜗轮蜗杆差速器进行设计计算。     

转矩式限滑差速器对后轮驱动汽车操纵稳定性影响的研究

采用7自由度车辆动力学模型,对装用JA1020LSD型转矩式限滑差速器的后轮驱动汽车进行了操纵稳定性研究。通过仿真分析和道路试验研究表明:装用限滑差速器后增加了后轮驱动车辆的不足转向趋势,即改善了操纵稳定性,但转向力矩略有增加。     

粘性液压联轴节性能分析与研究

本文系统的介绍了新型的速度感应式限滑差速装置-Visco-Lok，分析指出其良好的限滑转矩特性，使其可以提高车辆的牵引性能和操纵性，其不仅可以用与普通差速器配合用于轮间限滑差速装置也可用于轴间限滑差速装置。     

电控限滑差速器对某微型货车性能影响的研究

以某微型货车为研究对象,设计了适合电控限滑差速器的模糊PI控制器,并建立动力传动系统模型和13自由度的整车动力学模型,研究电控限滑差速器对整车性能的影响。在此基础上对整车动力性和操纵稳定性进行仿真研究,同时对装有普通差速器、机械式限滑差速器和电控限滑差速器的车辆进行实车对比试验。仿真分析和道路试验研究表明,装有电控限滑差速器的微型货车比装有普通差速器和机械式限滑差速器的微型货车在整车动力性和操纵稳定性方面有不同程度的改善。     

电子限滑差速器试验台架结构及测控系统设计

现有主减速器试验台架多针对普通主减速器进行设计,无法很好地对装有电子限滑差速器(ELSD)的主减速器进行限滑性能试验。针对这一问题,通过分析限滑原理和建立驱动轮受力模型搭建了电子限滑差速器试验台架,并用某款主减速器进行试验。结果表明,通过设置主减速器所搭载的车辆参数,以及冰-沥青对开路面参数,电子限滑差速器试验台架配合控制器能够较好地模拟主减速器输入和道路负载,进行限滑性能试验。     

一种新型的势垒式限滑差速器

提出了一种新型势垒式限滑差速器。分析了这种差速器的工作原理,介绍了齿轮设计所采用的非渐开线齿形并沿齿面节线分段设计的方法,进行了台架和路试的可靠性试验、最大牵引力试验和制动距离试验。     

沟通

Q1：我对别克全新SUV昂科威非常感兴趣，听说它的四驱系统比较特别，请编辑老师介绍一下。
　　上海读者：杜天宇
　　A1：昂科威搭载的是适时四驱系统，提供两种不同版本供消费者选择，官方将两种四驱分别命名为“智能四驱”与“全路况智能四驱”，二者主要区别在于左右后轮动力分配。官方公布的资料显示，智能四驱主要会配备在精英版与豪华版车型上，其后桥配备一个多片离合器式限滑差速器，正常情况下以前驱为主，当系统监测到车轮打滑时，通过压紧离合器片将部分动力传递至后轮，以达到分配前后动力的目的。这套智能四驱系统的后桥限滑差速器装配在靠近左后轮的位置，在车轮不打滑时，后轮是不会获得任何动力的。由于是以前驱为主的四驱车型，如果两个前轮均处于打滑状态，车辆脱困则更多依靠车轮上的电子限滑辅助系统对车轮进行制动，从而达到脱困的效果。全路况智能四驱系统配备于旗舰版与运动旗舰版车型上，其与智能四驱系统主要区别在于它后桥上布置了两个多片离合器式限滑差速器，从前桥而来的动力可以通过两个限滑差速器按需分配给左右后轮，这样的方式无论在城市路面行驶还是在复杂路况下行驶时对车辆的行驶稳定性以及通过性都有很大的帮助。总体而言，昂科威的适时四驱系统结构并不算复杂，通过布置于后桥的多片离合器式限滑差速器达到分配后轮转矩的目的。     

伊顿渐进式限滑差速器首入中国装载机市场

在Bauma China 2010期间,伊顿公司与厦门厦工机械股份有限公司签订长期合作协议,并向厦工提供渐进式限滑差速器应用在型号为XG95611的5t轮式装载机上,这是伊顿渐进式限滑差速器产品首次在装载机上应用。     

Quasi-steady-state linearisation of the racing vehicle acceleration envelope: a limited slip differential example

In the motorsport environment, passive limited slip differentials are a well-established means of improving the traction limitation imposed by the open differential. Torque sensing types are highly adjustable, and can alter both the stability and agility of the vehicle in the various cornering phases of a typical manoeuvre. In this paper, an adjustable clutch plate or ‘Salisbury’ differential model is presented, which can significantly alter its torque bias characteristics through adjustments in the drive/coast ramp angle, the number of friction faces and preload. To allow robust evaluation of differential parameter changes on ultimate vehicle performance and handling balance, a unified acceleration or ‘GG’ diagram framework is then described. This builds on traditional GG diagram approaches, by using nonlinear constrained optimisation to define both the vehicle acceleration limits and a ‘feasibility’ region within the performance envelope. By linearising a seven degrees of freedom vehicle model at multiple operating points, eigenvalue and yaw rate response analysis is then used to establish contours of stability and agility throughout the GG envelope. This brings new insights into the way in which handling balance changes below and up to the vehicle's acceleration limits.     

摩擦片式防滑差速器转矩特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响研究

进行了摩擦片式防滑差速器防滑转矩输出特性测定试验,并分别对装有摩擦片式防滑差速器和普通差速器的汽车,通过试验测定的车厢侧倾角、转弯半径比、前后轴侧偏角差值、横摆角速度及侧向加速度作为对比参数,研究了摩擦片式防滑差速器转矩特性对汽车操纵稳定性的影响。结果表明,摩擦片式防滑差速器能够显著提高汽车的动力性、通过性,改善汽车的操纵稳定性。     

Optimal control of motorsport differentials

Modern motorsport limited slip differentials (LSD) have evolved to become highly adjustable, allowing the torque bias that they generate to be tuned in the corner entry, apex and corner exit phases of typical on-track manoeuvres. The task of finding the optimal torque bias profile under such varied vehicle conditions is complex. This paper presents a nonlinear optimal control method which is used to find the minimum time optimal torque bias profile through a lane change manoeuvre. The results are compared to traditional open and fully locked differential strategies, in addition to considering related vehicle stability and agility metrics. An investigation into how the optimal torque bias profile changes with reduced track-tyre friction is also included in the analysis. The optimal LSD profile was shown to give a performance gain over its locked differential counterpart in key areas of the manoeuvre where a quick direction change is required. The methodology proposed can be used to find both optimal passive LSD characteristics and as the basis of a semi-active LSD control algorithm.     

电动轮驱动的轿车差速性能试验

电动轮驱动的汽车取消了机械式差速器后,在转向行驶、路面不平及车轮半径不等3种工况下,会出现差速问题。文章进行了实车转向行驶试验和车轮半径不等时的差速试验,验证了对电动轮电机控制按转矩模式控制而转速随动以实现自适应差速的控制策略。电动轮控制器可以实现很好的差速性能,说明采用转矩控制和转速随动的策略是解决汽车电子差速问题的前提和关键。     

粘性液压联轴节特性分析与应用研究

系统地介绍了新型速度感应式限滑差速装置——粘性液压联轴节Visco-Lok，该装置存速度感应式限滑差速器基础上，在高转速差时通过加装剪切泵增大了限滑扭矩，提高了该工况下的牵引性，较好地实现了不同转速差下对车辆操纵稳定性、制动稳定性和牵引通过性的综合要求，并通过实车试验得到了验证。     

Optimisation of handling and traction in a rear wheel drive vehicle by means of magneto-rheological semi-active differential

This paper presents a semi-active differential, magneto-rheological fluid limited slip differential, which allows us to bias the torque between the driving wheels. It is based on the magneto-rheological fluid employment, by which it is possible to change, in a controlled manner, the internal friction torque and, consequently, the torque bias ratio. This device is an adaptive one and allows us to obtain an asymmetric torque distribution in order to improve vehicle handling. The device modelling and the control algorithm, realised for this activity, are described. The illustrated results highlight the advantages that are attainable regarding directional behaviour, stability, and traction.     

Development of a new limited slip differential

A new limited slip differential was developed by Fuji Univance Corp. in co-operation with Automotive Products plc, which has a simple structure and applied special cams.The limited slip differential has a constant torque bias ratio regardless of the input torque. This paper presents its structure, principle of operation, analysis results of design parameters on the torque bias ratio characteristic, and experimental results.     

电动汽车转矩定向分配差速器建模与动态仿真

本文中提出一种新型具备转矩定向分配功能差速器的集中式电驱动桥系统。该集中驱动系统可以在不改变总驱动转矩的条件下,类似分布式驱动方式实现驱动转矩在左右轮间的任意分配,从而产生改变车辆横摆动力学的直接横摆力偶矩。首先,分析了转矩定向分配差速器结构特点及其工作原理;其次,利用键合图理论建立了其动力学模型,并仿真分析了其动态响应特性;然后,设计了转矩响应控制系统以改善该差速器的动态性能;最后,嵌入整车模型进行了联合仿真。结果表明,装备该差速器的车辆可任意分配左右轮驱动转矩,并有效改善车辆操控特性。     

Development of evolutionary cone type LSD for SUV/RV utilizing the axiomatic approach and the ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification technology

Surface topology, cone angle and the forces acting on the cone of the clutch type limited slip differential (LSD) are major design parameters for the bias ratio and the noise condition. Therefore much research has been dedicated to these developments but the results have been used to submit patents. A new cone type limited slip differential for sport utility vehicles and recreational vehicles, which has a very simple structure and easy compliance with the vehicle performance, has been developed by the axiomatic approach and the ultrasonic nano crystal surface modification (UNSM) technology. The design criteria and optimal value of the design parameters are determined by the axiomatic approach utilizing CAE tools. Test methodologies in a test rig and in a vehicle were also developed. Test results showed good performance of bias ratio and noise level but durability is still under testing. This study is an extension of F2006P266, FISITA 2006.