钢悬链线立管整体干涉分析研究

深水海洋立管具有柔性,特别是极端海况条件下,相邻立管之间可能发生互相干涉而增大立管的应力,从而影响其疲劳寿命.钢悬链线立管相比顶张力立管,有效张力较小,对环境载荷作用更加敏感,更容易发生碰撞.基于动力学分析软件OrcaFlex建立有限元模型,从允许碰撞的角度出发,对串列布置于张力腿平台上的两根钢悬链线立管进行整体碰撞分析,研究立管间距、尾流模型、拖曳力系数、海流流速和柔性接头刚度对立管碰撞的影响,阐述对碰撞范围、上下游立管相对运动速度、最大碰撞速度和最大碰撞能量的影响规律,为实际工程中立管的空间布置和结构优化设计提供参考.     

深水钢悬链立管工程临界评估关键参数敏感性分析研究

工程临界评估（engineering critical assessment, ECA）的目的是确认缺陷的严重程度,以避免在工程安装和操作阶段因承受极端载荷或疲劳而导致不稳定断裂（和泄漏）。论文针对钢悬链立管工程设计中焊接检验可接受的缺陷开展ECA方法的研究,重点分析ECA方法中关键参数对评估结果的敏感性。针对工程实际中1 500m水深18英寸钢悬链立管,基于敏感性研究结果提出适用于工程设计的ECA参数确定原则和缺陷疲劳扩展曲线使用原则,为深水钢悬链线立管的工程设计提供参考。     

深水SCR立管触地区域管土作用研究进展(英文)

钢悬链线立管作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用,总结了有关深水钢悬链线立管触地区域管土相互作用的研究进展,主要包括STRIDE和CAluSIMA工业合作计划的研究数据和其他的相关论文,能够为国内深水钢悬链线立管的研究提供参考.     

深水SOR立管触地区域管土作用研究进展

钢悬链线立管作为一种全新的深水立管系统已经在国外多个项目中应用,总结了有关深水钢悬链线立管触地区域管土相互作用的研究进展,主要包括STRIDE和CARISIMA工业合作计划的研究数据和其他的相关论文,能够为国内深水钢悬链线立管的研究提供参考．     

深水缓波型刚性立管的设计方法

缓波型刚性悬链线立管由于其良好的力学性能和较低的成本,适用于深水油气田开发。本文详述了缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计准则和设计流程,给出了分布式浮块的设计方法和等效原则,推导了等效水动力参数的计算公式。通过静力分析,得到了不同浮块的布置位置和浮力系数对立管形态、顶端张力、弯矩分布的影响;通过动力分析,得到了沿管等效应力响应的分布规律,为缓波型刚性悬链线立管的设计提供了有益的参考。     

深水钢悬链立管安装设计分析

钢悬链立管在墨西哥海域、西非等地深海油气田开发中,得到了广泛的应用。基于钢悬链立管的S型铺设,将钢悬链立管的整个安装过程分成三个不同阶段:立管铺设阶段、立管提升阶段以及立管移管阶段。结合实际深水工程案例,应用Orcaflex对钢悬链立管整个安装过程做动态分析,校核钢悬链立管在整个安装过程中的强度。     

悬链线构件的有限元方法

悬链线构件在船舶与海洋工程中是广泛存在的一种结构,无论是船舶码头旁靠、锚泊定位中的系泊线,还是各种系泊结构物中各种深海悬链线结构(如深海柔性立管、深海锚泊系统、复合材料悬链线立管等)的系泊力响应,对整个结构物都显得非常重要。其中,由于悬链线构件具有很强的几何非线性,其受力分析的精度对其运动响应的分析尤为重要。根据悬链线构件静力分析,得到悬链线单元的柔度矩阵,从而进一步推导出悬链线单元的刚度矩阵和单元节点力向量,最后以商业有限元软件ABAQUS的用户自定义单元(UEL)为工具,开发出悬链线单元。结果显示:运用此单元得到的简单悬链线结构的数值解与解析解完全一致,同时也基本符合实验结果,为解决各种复杂悬链线构件问题的直接计算法提供了一种新的思路。     

多点系泊FPSO立管支撑结构设计

多点系泊FPSO的首部和尾部均布置有系泊缆,立管通常布置在舷侧中部,因此需要在舷侧安装相应的结构以支撑海底钢悬链线立管（SCR）载荷及甲板上部立管平台和立管提拉设备模块的重量。同时为了防止舷侧立管遭受其他船舶的撞击而发生泄漏和损坏,需要安装立管保护结构。本文以大连船舶重工集团为国外船东设计和建造的一艘30万吨多点系泊FPSO为例,从实际工程设计的角度阐述多点系泊FPSO舷侧立管支撑结构的设计要点,为今后多点系泊FPSO立管支撑结构设计提供借鉴。     

深水钢悬链线立管顺流向非线性动力分析

深水钢悬链线立管在外部流体作用下的动力响应在立管的性能优化设计中是非常重要的.文章考虑了深水钢悬链线立管轴向大应变的特性以及弯曲刚度和内流的影响,利用Hamilton原理和拉格朗日应变理论建立了立管的二维动力学模型.将外部流体的非线性作用力用Morison方程表示,通过Hermite插值函数对动力学方程进行离散,采用平均加速度法求解立管的动力响应.探讨了外部流体的非线性作用力对海洋立管顺流向动力响应的影响以及不同流速和拖曳力系数与海洋立管共振响应幅值的关系.     

管土作用下的钢悬链线立管动力响应及其疲劳分析

钢悬链线立管的疲劳分析得到越来越多的重视,尤其是其与海床土体相互作用引起的疲劳。本文根据 Aubeny提出的管土作用模型以及 Bridge提出的土体吸力模型,采用有限元方法,在考虑其与海床土体相互作用的基础上,分析了钢悬链线立管在不同载况作用下的动力响应及疲劳损伤。分析发现,钢悬链线立管上触地点和悬挂点处的疲劳损伤更为显著;洋流载荷对立管疲劳损伤的影响随着水深的增加而减弱;土体吸力的存在,会增大触地段尤其是触地点附近的疲劳损伤;立管触地点附近的疲劳损伤与土体刚度呈正相关。     

考虑内流和海床作用的柔性立管和钢悬链线立管非线性分析(英文)

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.     

钢悬链式立管涡激振动疲劳损伤参数分析

针对钢悬链式立管的结构特性,采用了简化后的振动模型。先对立管进行了模态分析;再根据立管的模态特性结合环境水流参数,采用模态叠加法对立管进行了涡激振动疲劳损伤分析。分析过程中,通过改变流速大小、立管壁厚、立管外径、内部介质以及抑制立管涡激振动的螺旋列板长度等参数,对立管的涡激振动疲劳损伤进行了相应的参数分析。结果表明:立管疲劳损伤随水流速度的增大、立管外径的增大以及内部介质密度的降低呈现上升趋势,但是壁厚变化对立管疲劳损伤大小影响却不显著。     

Catenary riser sliding and rolling on seabed during induced lateral movement

Catenary risers have an interaction zone with the seabed, usually referenced as flowline. Movements in this region can be induced by sea currents and large offsets in floating unit, leading to touchdown position changes and affecting internal loads along riser length. In this work the contact flowline-seabed is modeled including sliding and rolling friction. Case studies involving large offsets in floating unit and lateral sea currents are solved to better understand the consequences of possible rolling and large sliding. The riser is modeled using a geometrically-exact finite element beam model. The contact is addressed with a new technique to include rotation movements from underlying beam models. This leads to global riser models including complex kinematics, being able to represent scenarios with alternating sliding/rolling and its consequences on internal loads of riser structure. A parametric study is performed to measure the influence of the friction coefficient in tension and torsion along typical flexible pipe and steel pipe catenary risers.     

深水管中管结构动态边界条件非线性时域分析

随着海洋油气开发工程作业水深的增加,管中管结构承受的波浪、海流深海环境载荷增大,可能会引发强度破坏以及疲劳损伤,造成重大损失,所以开展深水条件下管中管系统的力学行为分析研究是有必要的。本文考虑了顶部张紧力和动态边界,利用有限元模型来模拟管中管结构及其力学行为。并利用接触单元模拟内外管接触的约束条件。综合统计了管柱的接触碰撞位置和应力危险位置,提出了新型扶正器的布置方案,以达到减缓碰撞保护管柱的目的,并对比了等距离设置扶正器的方案。通过对比研究发现本文提出的扶正方案有效减缓了内外管的应力等级,对于实际工程和研究具有一定指导价值。     

超深水钻井隔水管动力分析理论研究与数值模拟

随着钻井作业向深水(500～1 500m)和超深水(1 500m以上)发展,在交变海洋环境载荷波浪力、海流力和浮式钻井平台运动的共同作用下,隔水管的动态响应更加显著.文中探讨了隔水管侧向振动的数学模型、动态特性分析中的结构与环境载荷建模技术及其非线性动力分析方法,研究并对比了不同分析方法在计算效率、计算精度和工程适用性等方面的差异.介绍了时域内应用ABAQUS软件进行超深水钻井隔水管非确定性动力分析的算法与详细流程,算例比较了不同边界条件对深水钻井隔水管动态特性的影响.研究表明,时域非确定性分析最为精确但需要时间最长,且只能采用线性AIRY波浪理论;理论上,海流主要引起隔水管动态响应的时不变部分,但该时不变部分不等同于海流引起的隔水管静态响应,一种简化方法只将海浪与钻井船运动作为动载荷而不考虑海流对动态响应的贡献;钻井船运动和波浪载荷是隔水管动态响应分析主要的动载荷,对于超深水隔水管来说,钻井船运动是首要的动载荷,其慢漂运动对隔水管性能有重要影响,而波浪仅对隔水管局部产生作用.     

水下压缩空气储能系统柔性立管响应特性分析（英文）

With the rapid development of marine renewable energy technologies, the demand to mitigate the fluctuation of variable generators with energy storage technologies continues to increase. Offshore compressed air energy storage(OCAES) is a novel flexible-scale energy storage technology that is suitable for marine renewable energy storage in coastal cities, islands, offshore platforms, and offshore renewable energy farms. For deep-water applications, a marine riser is necessary for connecting floating platforms and subsea systems. Thus, the response characteristics of marine risers are of great importance for the stability and safety of the entire OCAES system. In this study, numerical models of two kinds of flexible risers, namely, catenary riser and lazy wave riser, are established in OrcaFlex software. The static and dynamic characteristics of the catenary and the lazy wave risers are analyzed under different environment conditions and internal pressure levels. A sensitivity analysis of the main parameters affecting the lazy wave riser is also conducted. Results show that the structure of the lazy wave riser is more complex than the catenary riser; nevertheless, the former presents better response performance.     

Exact and simplified estimations for elastic buckling pressures of structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections under external hydrostatic pressure

Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections have significant potential for application in offshore oil and gas production systems because they combine thermal insulation performance with structural strength and self weight in an integrated way. Such cross sections comprise inner and outer thin-walled pipes with the annulus between them fully filled by a selectable filler material to impart an appropriate combination of properties. Structural pipe-in-pipe cross sections can exhibit several different collapse mechanisms, and the basis of the preferential occurrence of one over the others is of interest. This article presents an exact analysis for predicting the elastic buckling behaviours of a structural pipe-in-pipe cross section when subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. Simplified approximations are also investigated for elastic buckling pressure and mode when the outer pipe and its contact with the filler material is considered as a pipe on an elastic foundation. Results are presented to show the variation of elastic buckling pressure with the relative elastic modulus of the filler and pipe materials, the filler thickness, and the thicknesses of the inner and outer pipes. Case studies based on realistic application scenarios are used to show that the simplified approximations are sufficiently accurate for practical structural design purposes.     

Thermal expansion of pipe-in-pipe systems

This paper presents a comprehensive mathematical model for the thermal expansion of pipe-in-pipe and bundle systems that are used in the offshore oil and gas industry. The inner pipe and the outer pipes are assumed to have structural connections through bulkheads at extremities and spacers or centralisers to prevent contact of the inner and the outer pipes. The aim is to calculate the displacement and forces on the bulkheads and axial force in the inner pipe.In addition to protective pipe-in-pipes, short and long pipe-in-pipes are defined and the limits between the two are clearly delineated. Analytical methods are extended to study the effects of exponential temperature gradients along both the inner and the outer pipes, the pipe-in-pipe length, tie-in spoolpieces, inner pipe weight, seabed and spacer friction and relative axial stiffness of the inner and the outer pipes on the thermal expansion characteristics. The iterative approach to solve thermal expansion characteristics proposed can be replaced by analytical calculation in most practical situations. Simple analytical formulae are suggested when the outer pipe temperature is constant. Analytical solutions indicate good agreement with finite element numerical results.