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岩石蠕变是岩石的重要力学特征之一.在隧道开挖完之后的很长时间内,围岩会因为蠕变而进行应力调整,蠕变产生的荷载由隧道的初期支护和二次衬砌联合承担.在隧道设计中往往将二次衬砌作为安全储备,而没有分析围岩蠕变荷载对二次衬砌的影响,因此分析隧道二次衬砌受力以及健康程度随时间的变化是十分有必要的.文章结合泥巴山隧道工程,利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3d的Burgers蠕变模型,分析了不同时间蠕变对围岩应力重分布以及对二次衬砌的力学性能的影响,得出了一些有价值的结论. 相似文献
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采用悬臂弯曲试验的方法,研究了平均应力对两种焊管结构疲劳特性的影响,满角焊管的疲劳强度随平均应力而改变,但对接焊管的疲劳强度则不随平均应力而改变,满角焊管的疲劳裂纹从外表面的焊趾开始,而对接焊管则人催表面的咬边开始,测定疲劳裂纹的扩展速率及测定残余应沿管壁分布的结果表明,满角焊管和对焊接管疲劳特性之所认不同,其原因是焊接引起的内表面残余应力和外表面的残余压应力,这就意识着沿内表面造成残余压力将是改 相似文献
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为了研究内压作用下管道裂纹应力场分布规律,以含有表面裂纹的X80管道为研究对象,对不同形状、不同方向、不同内压、不同尺寸的含裂纹管道进行仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明:裂纹尖端处应力远大于裂纹中心应力。裂纹形状对应力影响作用较小,随着裂纹方向与管道轴向夹角增大,裂纹尖端应力先增大后减小,随着管道内压、裂纹深度、裂纹长度的增大,裂纹尖端处应力随之线性增大。其中,裂纹长度对裂纹尖端应力的影响小于管道内压和裂纹深度。 相似文献
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文章基于工程实践,对现场新建路面进行取样开展蠕变试验,计算不同温度、加载时间、频率下的沥青混合料的蠕变柔量、松弛模量、动态模量,并对沥青混合料的各向异性进行计算和分析。研究发现:沥青混合料的蠕变性能各向异性随着温度和加载时间的增大而增大;松弛性能各向异性随着温度和加载时间的增大而减小;动态性能各向异性随着温度升高、加载频率的降低而增大。同时,基于西格摩德模型,以20℃为例,对沥青混合料各向异性随温度及频率的变化曲线进行拟合,计算得到沥青混合料蠕变性能、松弛性能、动态性能与加载时间、频率的曲线模型,通过对比模型与数据曲线图可以发现,各向异性曲线模型与试验计算结果的拟合程度较好,可以用于指导沥青路面结构响应分析和结构设计,为今后基于沥青各向异性开展的设计和研究工作提供指导和借鉴。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2019,(6)
在冻结法施工中,掌握冻土的蠕变特性对评价冻结壁的稳定性至关重要。文章通过对山西某矿粘土层进行不同冻结温度下单轴抗压及蠕变试验,得到蠕变随冻结温度、加载应力变化的规律。在分析Kachanov损伤理论模型及人工冻土蠕变经验模型特性的基础上,建立人工冻土理论-经验蠕变模型。通过对比分析建立模型计算值与人工冻结粘土蠕变试验结果,模型计算曲线与试验数据曲线拟合度较高,两者均反映了初始弹性变形、应变加速度逐渐减小至加速度为零的过程;若试样发生破坏,曲线则会在应变加速度为零的基础上继续加速上升。该模型能够反映深部人工冻土的各阶段蠕变特性,能为指导冻结法施工提供科学依据。 相似文献
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在隧道掘进过程中,天然地应力的平衡状态将会受到破坏并进行应力重分布,在构造应力场或自重应力场作用下将会引发裂纹的起裂、扩展和贯通,从而导致隧道的失稳坍塌。文章采用数值模拟和室内模型试验方法对比分析了裂纹位置、长度、深度等因素对马蹄形断面隧道围岩结构稳定性的影响。其中,数值模拟分析了隧道围岩的破坏形式及对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算,隧道模型试验研究了裂纹对隧道模型抗压强度的影响。结果表明:(1)数值模拟结果与模型试验结果较为吻合;(2)裂纹位于马蹄形隧道的拐角处或裂纹倾角为45°时,对隧道的稳定性削弱作用最大;(3)隧道围岩内裂纹的长度越长,隧道模型的抗压强度越小;(4)裂纹长度达到一定程度时,裂纹深度对隧道的危害性作用基本呈线性增加的趋势;(5)裂纹缺陷对隧道围岩应力重分布及破坏形式有较大的影响。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献