驾驶员手伸及界面与驾驶室尺寸综合因子G

驾驶员手伸及界面与驾驶员的手伸、能力及驾驶室内部尺寸有关。驾驶员手伸及能力的统计性可通过身材百分位和男女比来反映。而驾驶室内部尺寸对手伸及界面的影响应以多元统计分析理论加以分析。本文介绍如何利用因子分析法来求取对手伸及界面具有综合影响的驾驶室尺寸综合因子G。     

基于CATIA创建优于UG的驾驶员手伸及界面

文章主要阐述了利用UG创建手伸及界面的不足及如何运用CATIA创建符合SAE J 287标准且优于UG的驾驶员手伸及界面校核模板。     

基于知识工程手伸及界面模板的开发

文中介绍了一种新的手伸及界面模板的开发方法。以CATIA知识工程的相关技术为基础,结合编程语言对CATIA进行二次开发得到手伸及界面模板。该模板利用参数化设计使驾驶室尺寸因子G自动随车型参数变化,通过编程来控制手伸及界面的自动选择,同时利用TXT文件来转换SAEJ287中的数据。该模板极大的提高了手伸及界面校核的效率,为设计人员提供了一套新的思路和方法。     

基于知识工程手伸及界面模板的开发

文中介绍了一种新的手伸及界面模板的开发方法.以CATIA知识工程的相关技术为基础,结合编程语言对CATIA进行二次开发得到手伸及界面模板.该模板利用参数化设计使驾驶室尺寸因子G自动随车型参数变化,通过编程来控制手伸及界面的自动选择,同时利用TXT文件来转换SAE J287中的数据.该模板极大的提高了手伸及界面校核的效率,为设计人员提供了一套新的思路和方法.     

人体工程学在汽车设计中的应用

本文回顾了一些关于人体工程学在汽车设计中的有应用意义的研究成果,如驾驶员眼椭圆、三维H点人体模型及驾驶员手伸及界面等。意在说明人体因素在汽车设计中的重要意义,进而提出人体工程学在汽车设计中的研究内容以及开展我国汽车人体工程学应用研究的建议。     

手伸及性参数化及本地化校核方面的研究

汽车开发设计中人机工程主要研究使用者、作业者及A/S维护人员等的"人-车-环境"关系,力求整体"人-车-环境系统"的性能达到最优状态,从而给人创建安全、健康、舒适、高效的环境。本文介绍的手伸及性是人机工程中评价操作性的重要指标,是整车总布置设计的重要的一部分。为提高人机工程设计的实效性,基于SAE[1]-[2]和CATIA构建参数化模型,通过更新手伸及性相关的参数,以获取新的手伸及界面,从而有效提高整车开发质量,缩短总布置设计及校核的周期;同时为确保车辆开发设计所引用手伸及界面更符合本地化需求,提出一种评价手伸及性、量化分析并构建手伸及界面的全新理论。     

基于中国人体的手伸及区域研究

根据中国人体尺寸和驾驶习惯,利用PATAC自主开发的HVI多功能试验评估系统,进行了中控屏区域的驾驶员手伸及性研究,得到了适用于本土汽车开发项目的手伸及区域限制面。通过与SAE J287标准的对比,文中舒适性区域标准能够真实反映中国区域客户需求,对本土整车开发中中控屏的合理布置具有指导意义。     

基于CATIA知识工程的手伸界面模板开发

本文提出了一种驾驶员手伸界面模板库的创建和调用方法。在CATIA V5环境下,利用其知识工程模块,结合简单的编程,创建参数化的且符合SAE标准的驾驶员手伸界面,并生成模板库。在以后的设计中调用模板,手伸界面可根据输入的总布置参数自动变化。该模板的创建和使用可大幅降低设计的重复性、提高效率,也为设计人员提供一种新的思路和方法。摘要:     

汽车车身总布置设计工具综述

每一款新车型的问世都离不开车身总布置设计和它的设计工具.车身总布置设计工具的归纳和研究对轿车车身总布置设计有重要意义.介绍了汽车车身总布置设计工具人体模型、眼椭圆、头廓包络线、手伸及界面的最新研究情况.     

汽车车身总布置设计工作综述

每一款新车型的问世都离不开车身总布置设计和它的设计工具。车身总布置设计工具的归纳和研究对轿车车身总布置设计有重要意义，介绍了汽车车身总布置设计工具人体模型、眼椭圆、头廓包络线、手伸及界面的最新研究情况。     

汽车驾驶安全隐患预防与对策探索

司机是一个比较特殊的工作,通常在驾驶汽车时,司机要确保整个驾驶过程的安全,这就要求司机要具备较高的驾驶素质。如果驾驶员自身的安全意识不高,对车辆驾驶工作没有太深的安全意识,就会给行车工作带来很大的安全隐患。如果司机对驾驶工作安全性意识较高,则行车就会更加安全,司机也会提高自己的综合素质和驾驶技术来保证车辆行驶的安全,避免在行驶中出现一系列安全隐患。因此,在驾驶汽车时,要重点突出安全隐患的预防,并制定一系列的对策,才可能减少车辆的安全事故产生。     

Effects of head restraint and vehicle damage severity on neck injury risk

Domestic automobile insurance claims were investigated to correlate the driver neck injury risk with the safety rating of the head restraint, the severity of vehicle damage, and other human factors. The results of our statistical analysis reveal that the risk of neck injury for the driver is significantly different for vehicle size, use, driver gender, driver age, impact direction, accident location, and safety rating of head restraint, depending on vehicle the damage level which is assumed to imply impact severity during a rear-end crash accident. One of the unique findings from domestic insurance claims from low-speed rear-end crash accidents is the frequent reports of lower back injury together with whiplash. Thus, the risk of lower back discomfort is also included in this statistical analysis.     

邻车切入工况下前撞预警系统的驾驶人依赖特性

为提升邻车切入工况下的行车安全,基于驾驶模拟实验平台,研究了驾驶人对前撞预警系统的依赖特性评价方法以改进预警系统的设计。以预警时机(即碰时间TTC)为研究变量,采集了12名驾驶人的实验数据,以制动依赖指数、次任务评分为2项客观指标,以危险度评分、信任度评分为2项主观指标,建立了评价体系模型,实现了对驾驶人系统依赖程度的量化评价。设计了L9(34)正交实验,建立了依赖特性评价回归模型。结果表明:预警时机(TTC)对依赖特性的影响最为显著:过晚的预警时机(TTC=2.4 s)降低系统的有效性;过早的预警时机(TTC=1.2 s)易导致驾驶人对系统过度依赖。因而,适度推迟预警时机(TTC=1.8 s)可以抑制依赖性的产生,提升系统的安全性。     

汽车驾驶员视野校核方法

驾驶员的视野直接影响汽车的使用和安全,而视野与车身设计结构密切相关。对汽车进行车身设计及总布置时,不仅要考虑造型美观,而且还应保证驾驶员的视野符合法规要求。文章以一新型汽车的驾驶员视野为校核对象,结合车身设计与布置情况,依据相关法规和标准,介绍了汽车驾驶员前、后方视野的校核方法,从理论上验证了新设计车身与布置的合理性。     

Review of traffic safety evaluation at T-intersections using surrogate safety measures in developing countries context

In recent years, significant research has focused on traffic safety evaluations at unsignalized intersections due to complex and heterogeneous traffic movements as well as driver behaviour at such locations. However, at unsignalized T-intersections, priority traffic rules are less respected, which creates more conflicts. Further, multiple traffic movements such as right turns and through movements with varied driver behaviour results in increases the severity of conflicts. Many research studies have focused on the proactive safety measures in traffic safety evaluations as compared to crash-based analysis. Also, it is observed that Time to Collision (TTC) and Post Encroachment Time (PET) are the predominant types of surrogate safety measures in traffic safety evaluations. From the existing research outcomes, it is understood that these surrogate safety measures may give a better understanding of chain events for crash occurrences, collision mechanisms, and resulting consequences. However, further research is required in order to understand the suitability of such surrogate safety measures based on the complexity of heterogeneous traffic as well as driver behaviour with considerations of turning vehicles, particularly at T-intersections. In this context, this paper critically reviews the recent developments in Surrogate Safety Measures (SSM) and their applications at unsignalized intersections, with a particular focus on the T-intersection. This paper also brings attention to T-intersection safety evaluation with SSM in a developing country context. The outcome of the present study is more useful in the evaluation of traffic safety at T-intersections and suitable safety indicators for the evaluation.     

汽车驾驶员模型的研究现状及发展趋势

汽车驾驶员模型是汽车交通安全、智能交通系统、汽车自动驾驶和车辆巡航等技术的基础研究内容和关键环节之一。按照汽车驾驶员模型的研究方向及应用,将驾驶员模型分为基于人—车—环境闭环系统汽车操纵稳定性的驾驶员模型、基于智能交通系统的驾驶员行为模型和基于交通安全的驾驶员疲劳模型等类型,综述了上述各类汽车驾驶员模型的研究现状,对各类驾驶员模型存在的不足进行了分析论述,并展望了汽车驾驶员模型的发展方向及趋势。     

Unified decision-making and control for highway collision avoidance using active front steer and individual wheel torque control

ABSTRACT

Collision avoidance is a crucial function for all ground vehicles, and using integrated chassis systems to support the driver presents a growing opportunity in active safety. With actuators such as in-wheel electric motors, active front steer and individual wheel brake control, there is an opportunity to develop integrated chassis systems that fully support the driver in safety critical situations. Here we consider the scenario of an impending frontal collision with a stationary or slower moving vehicle in the same driving lane. Traditionally, researchers have approached the required collision avoidance manoeuver as a hierarchical scheme, which separates the decision-making, path planning and path tracking. In this context, a key decision is whether to perform straight-line braking, or steer to change lanes, or indeed perform combined braking and steering. This paper approaches the collision avoidance directly from the perspective of constrained dynamic optimisation, using a single optimisation procedure to cover these aspects within a single online optimisation scheme of model predictive control (MPC). While the new approach is demonstrated in the context of a fully autonomous safety system, it is expected that the same approach can incorporate driver inputs as additional constraints, yielding a flexible and coherent driver assistance system.     

Modeling effects of driver safety attitudes on traffic violations in China using the theory of planned behavior

Traffic violations are recognized as one of the main causes of traffic accidents and have been found to be closely associated with driver attitudes toward traffic safety. In this study, a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to model the effects of driver safety attitudes on traffic violations, based on a questionnaire survey of 1505 drivers in China. In light of the strong correlations between the observed items, the items of the TPB components were grouped into several parcels, using an item-parceling method. Parcel-based structural equation modeling was then used to operationalize the modified TPB. The results indicate that the proposed model can accurately predict the occurrence of traffic violations based on the observed items related to driver traffic safety attitudes. It was found that driver attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control significantly affect traffic violations. For predicting traffic violations, driver attitudes toward traffic safety policies had the greatest influence, followed by driver attitudes toward risky driving behaviors and the attitudes of others toward risky driving behaviors. Finally, suggestions on traffic enforcement and education to reduce traffic violations are proposed based on the results.     

驾驶人安全意识提升方法与实现

研究表明,缺少安全驾驶意识的驾驶人在行车过程中易发生交通事故,并逐渐成为导致交通事故的主要原因之一。文中首先对安全驾驶意识的内涵进行了描述,并根据内容的不同进行了分类。举例介绍了基于动画和视频形式的安全意识提升方法的设计过程,具体实现流程以及实现效果;提出了基于汽车驾驶模拟平台的安全意识提升技术,将危险交通情景分为纵向和横向两大类,分别举例介绍了具体的实现过程和触发条件算法。     

基于计算机仿真的公路安全设计方法

对公路安全设计与评价方法进行了分析,提出了基于计算机仿真的公路安全设计方法。该方法以ADAMS(AutomaticDynamicAnalysisofMechanicalSystem)软件为平台,通过建立汽车、驾驶员和三维道路等系统仿真模型,为公路设计安全评价提供虚拟对象。在计算机上运行这些模型,获得汽车实时行驶速度,以此可以评价公路线形设计参数是否满足汽车行驶的要求,从而达到评价设计指标安全性的目的。该方法为公路安全设计评价提供了"活的数学模型",这些模型具有参数容易修改、数据表达直观、试验速度快和节省费用等优点。