考虑轮胎非线性特性的分段线性化处理

在四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性的研究中,难以直接利用线性控制理论来处理轮胎非线性模型。针对这一问题,论文提出了根据轮胎的侧偏特性建立轮胎分段线性化模型,利用MATLAB软件将分段线性后轮胎模型的侧偏特性与“魔术公式”轮胎模型的轮胎侧偏特性进行仿真对比。结果表明,分段线性化轮胎模型与“魔术公式”轮胎模型的侧偏特性曲线变化趋势一致,进而表明该模型可以通过线性处理简便得到轮胎侧偏刚度从而运用到四轮转向汽车操纵稳定性研究中。     

轮胎稳态模型的分析综述

轮胎稳态模型描述了轮胎稳态运动过程的纵滑、侧偏特性,可以分为理论模型、经验模型和半经验模型.常用的理论模型包括线性模型、UA模型、Dugoff模型、刷子模型和LuGre模型;常用的经验模型包括多项式模型、Burckhardt模型、K-D模型和LC模型;常用的半经验模型包括魔术公式模型和UniTire模型.通过仿真分析,对各种模型描述轮胎运动状态的能力、复杂性、准确性和适用范围进行了比较和研究,对各种模型存在的局限性进行了分析,可为轮胎稳态特性分析和汽车控制系统设计选择轮胎模型提供依据.     

轮胎稳态模型的分析综述

4轮胎经验模型 轮胎经验模型是直接根据试验测试数据拟合得到的模型,与试验结果较接近,而经验模型公式简单,便于计算和实际应用,但需要大量的试验数据.由于试验条件限制和路面状况的多变性,难以得到所有路面状况和所有轮胎运动状态的试验数据.     

轮胎加层车辆超载有碍行车安全

轮胎使用与行车安全密切相关，若使用高层级轮胎用以车辆超载，致使轮胎性能破坏，轮胎质量无法保障，且有碍重型车和翻胎工业的发展，故加强轮胎管是和安全检测势在必行。     

车辆轮胎动力学仿真模型分析

分析了各种常用轮胎模型的特点和利用范围,介绍了ADAMS中轮胎试验台(tiretesting)这一轮胎参数可视化工具,利用这一工具分析比较一种物理轮胎模型与一种经验-半经验轮胎模型间关于侧向力与纵向力、纵向力与纵向滑移率、回正力矩与纵向滑移率的力学特性,针对一种魔术公式轮胎模型验证了侧向力和纵向滑移率、纵向力和纵向滑移率在不同载荷下的力学关系特性。     

关于轮胎的圈模型

综述轮胎圈模型的历史与现状，指出各种圈模型之间差异的物理实质。在此基础上，考虑完全的非线性应变项、正确的初始应力和气压做功公式，利用Hamilton9变分原理得到了轮胎圈模型的一般动力学方程。文献中的方程可由本文的一般控制方程退化得到。利用轮胎的试验模态参数和轮胎圈模型的特征方程确定圈模型的物理参数。对195／70R14型轮胎给出了具体的数算例和试验结果，分析表明所提模型和方法是合理的。     

轮胎半经验模型中摩擦系数切换问题

介绍了2种简单的摩擦系数模型(库仑摩擦定律、静摩擦力模型)，并将其与轮胎统一刷子理论模型结合起来分析轮胎的摩擦问题。在此基础上引入了满足轮胎刷子理论模型边界条件的轮胎稳态半经验模型，给出了应用轮胎半经验模型实现摩擦状态切换的方法。通过轮胎在2种滚动速度下的侧偏试验，证明了轮胎半经验模型可实现2种速度下的摩擦系数切换。     

基于TDFT的PAC轮胎模型参数辨识

在整车的仿真分析中,轮胎模型的精度对仿真的结果具有较大的影响。文章对魔术公式进行了详细分析研究,应用PAC2002轮胎模型进行实例说明,阐述了PAC2002模型的经验理论的结构,以及使用TDFT工具进行轮胎模型参数辨识的流程。针对不同的工况,详细的说明PAC2002需要辨识的参数。最后,基于现有车型的轮胎试验数据,采用TDFT进行PAC轮胎模型的参数辨识,并进行结果的对比。     

安全省力换轮胎（轿车篇）

驾车上路，谁都可能会遇到轮胎被扎、漏气的情况。轮胎一旦漏气，再继续行驶会损伤轮圈，因此必须就地更换漏气的轮胎。对于有经验的车主换轮胎是小事一桩．而对于“菜鸟”级的新车主，换轮胎却是一件很困难的事情。经验是需要通过实践积累的．但是有的“菜鸟”车主却连后备箱内的轮胎都没有去摸过。不过，现在可以通过阅读本文结合实际操作就可快速积累换轮胎的经验了。准备好了吗？让我们开始吧。     

安全省力换轮胎（轿车篇）

驾车上路，谁都可能会遇到轮胎被扎、漏气的情况。轮胎一旦漏气，再继续行驶会损伤轮圈，因此必须就地更换漏气的轮胎。对于有经验的车主换轮胎是小事一桩．而对于“菜鸟”级的新车主，换轮胎却是一件很困难的事情。经验是需要通过实践积累的．但是有的“菜鸟”车主却连后备箱内的轮胎都没有去摸过。不过，现在可以通过阅读本文结合实际操作就可快速积累换轮胎的经验了。准备好了吗？让我们开始吧。[编者按]     

利用试验模态参数建立轮胎非稳态侧偏模型

在对轮胎垂直特性和稳态侧偏特性建模的基础上，利用由轮胎模态试验提取的试验模态参数建立了轮胎非稳态侧偏模型，该模型考虑了印迹的动态变形和胎宽的影响，对印迹进行离散化并初步计入了速度对非稳态性的影响，推导出侧向力和回正力矩关于侧向位移和摆动角的传递函数的解析公式，可以计算不同载荷下的非稳态特性，计算结果与文献中的试验结果相符，建模和计算结果说明利用试验模态参数可以方便地建立轮胎的非稳态特性，计算结果与     

废旧轮胎颗粒对橡胶土体抗剪强度影响的试验研究

通过直剪试验对不同级配轮胎颗粒的抗剪强度进行了测试,分析了颗粒剪切强度与剪切位移的关系,提出了颗粒抗剪强度特性衡量指标,建立了颗粒抗剪强度库伦预测公式,选出了代表性的颗粒级配。通过向土体中加入不同掺量的轮胎颗粒研究其掺量对黏土抗剪强度的影响,结果表明:在纯轮胎颗粒的直剪试验中,随着橡胶颗粒粒径的增加其黏聚力和内摩擦角有增大的趋势,黏聚力增加比较明显;在向土中掺入轮胎颗粒的直剪试验中,随着橡胶颗粒掺入量的增加,其黏聚力有先增加后减小的趋势,内摩擦角有增大趋势。当颗粒的掺入比为50%时其抗剪强度最优。     

Geometric-based tyre vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation for automotive and unmanned vehicle applications

Advanced empirical, and physical-based tyre models have proven to be accurate for simulating tyre dynamics; however, these tyre models typically require expensive and intensive tyre parameterisation. Recent research into wheeled unmanned ground vehicles requiring vertical force analysis has shown good results using a simple linear spring model for the tyre which demonstrate the continued use for simple tyre models; however, parameterisation of the tyre still remains a challenge when load test equipment is not available. This paper presents a cost-effective tyre vertical stiffness parameterisation procedure using only measured tyre geometry and air pressure for applications where high-fidelity tyre models are unnecessary. Vertical forces calculated through an air volume optimisation approach are used to estimate tyre vertical stiffness. Nine tyres from the literature are compared to evaluate the performance of the vertical force estimation and stiffness parameterisation algorithms. Experimental results on a pair of ATV tyres are also presented.     

Identifying tyre models directly from vehicle test data using an extended Kalman filter

Individual tyre models are traditionally derived from component tests, with their parameters matched to force and slip measurements. They are imported into vehicle models which should, but do not always properly provide suspension geometry interaction. Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS)/inertia vehicle instrumentation now make full state measurement viable in test vehicles, so tyre slip behaviour is directly measurable. This paper uses an extended Kalman filter for system identification, to derive individual load-dependent tyre models directly from these test vehicle state measurements. The resulting model therefore implicitly compensates for suspension geometry and compliance. The paper looks at two variants of the tyre model, and also considers real-time adaptation of the model to road surface friction variations. Test vehicle results are used exclusively, and the results show successful tyre model identification, improved vehicle model state prediction – particularly in lateral velocity reproduction – and an effective real-time solution for road friction estimation.     

纯电动汽车轮胎磨损关键影响因素研究

木文在分析纯电动车汽车不同于传统燃油车对于轮胎磨损关键因素的基础上,对纯电动车汽车轮胎磨损影响因素进行了试验验证。试验针对栽荷及动力系统两个因素采用控制单一变量法进行轮胎道路磨损试验,并通过对试验路线优化及驾驶员驾驶习惯的约束,使得测试结果更加准确及客观。最后对测试完成之后的轮胎花纹形态、轮胎花纹深度及轮胎预计里程寿命进行了详细数据分析。     

The Influence of In-Plane Tyre Dynamics on ABS Braking of a Quarter Vehicle Model

For efficient analysis it is important to choose the proper model that fits the problem that needs to be solved. This paper discusses three pragmatic simulation models for longitudinal behaviour of a passenger car tyre (Steady State, Transient and Rigid Ring) that may be used in e.g. an ABS simulation. The characteristics of the simulation models are evaluated using some simple simulations. Simulations with a quarter vehicle model that includes load transfer effects are carried out to determine the deviation in results between the mentioned tyre models for an ABS application. The results show that the Steady State model may only be used below 10 Hz and that the Transient model is valid up to about 30 Hz. The results from the ABS simulation with the Rigid Ring model are most reliable and are clearly different from the Steady State and Transient model, which indicates that ABS simulations should be carried out with the Rigid Ring model. Additionally it is demonstrated that for tyre behaviour on uneven roads the influence of the tyre belt cannot be neglected.     

The Influence of In-Plane Tyre Dynamics on ABS Braking of a Quarter Vehicle Model

For efficient analysis it is important to choose the proper model that fits the problem that needs to be solved. This paper discusses three pragmatic simulation models for longitudinal behaviour of a passenger car tyre (Steady State, Transient and Rigid Ring) that may be used in e.g. an ABS simulation. The characteristics of the simulation models are evaluated using some simple simulations. Simulations with a quarter vehicle model that includes load transfer effects are carried out to determine the deviation in results between the mentioned tyre models for an ABS application. The results show that the Steady State model may only be used below 10 Hz and that the Transient model is valid up to about 30 Hz. The results from the ABS simulation with the Rigid Ring model are most reliable and are clearly different from the Steady State and Transient model, which indicates that ABS simulations should be carried out with the Rigid Ring model. Additionally it is demonstrated that for tyre behaviour on uneven roads the influence of the tyre belt cannot be neglected.     

佳通轮胎:好产品更需好服务

作为唯一一家亮相2011年北京国际道路运输、城市公交车辆及零部件展览会(即2011北京客车展)的轮胎生产企业,佳通轮胎成为此次展会的焦点之一。无论是参展规模还是展品数量,佳通都在向观众传达一个信息——给力商用车轮胎市场。