波浪能供电航标转换效率的实验研究

采用可再生能源中的波浪能为航标供电,是解决航标供能的有效方式。本文以为航标供电的振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置为研究对象,开展不同工况及负载对振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置转换效率影响的研究,确定最高效率下波浪能装置的各类参数值。通过物理模型试验结果表明,获得的最佳效率点在T=2.5s时,H=104mm,转换效率最大为35%。振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置的能量转换效率受负载影响较小,受波浪要素中波高和周期的影响较大,特别是受波高周期比影响较大。本试验结果对优化振荡水柱式波浪能发电装置的方向提供指导意义,有助于进一步研究。     

水下波能装置的波致弹性变形研究（英文）

Structural integrity has remained a challenge for design and analysis of wave energy devices. A difficulty in assessment of the structural integrity is often laid in the accurate determination of the wave-induced loads on the wave energy devices and the repones of the structure. Decoupled hydroelastic response of a submerged, oscillating wave energy device to extreme nonlinear wave loads is studied here. The submerged wave energy device consists of an oscillating horizontal disc attached to a direct-drive power take-off system. The structural frame of the wave energy device is fixed on the seafloor in shallow water. Several extreme wave conditions are considered in this study. The nonlinear wave loads on members of the submerged structure are obtained by use of the level I Green-Naghdi equations and Morison's equation for cylindrical members.Distribution of Von Mises stresses and the elastic response of the structure to the extreme wave loads are determined by use of a finite element method. The decoupled hydroelastic analysis of the structure is carried out for devices built by four different materials, namely stainless steel, concrete, aluminium alloy, and titanium alloy. The elastic response of these devices is studied and results are compared with each other. Points of maximum stress and deformations are determined and the structural integrity under the extreme conditions is assessed. It is shown that the proposed approaches provide invaluable information about the structural integrity of wave energy devices.     

双层开孔消浪板结构消能性能分析

双层开孔消浪板是一种新型消能结构,其结构通过上层开孔板和下层实心板两部分来解决结构的消能问题．文中通过模型试验的方法来验证结构的消能性能,同时,对双层开孔消浪板结构在规则波作用下的消能系数随3个主要影响因子（相对板宽B／L,相对开孔A／A0,波陡H／L）变化的结果进行分析．通过分析和比较消能系数与影响因子之间的相互关系,证明双层开孔消浪板结构具有较好的消能效果．     

基于直线电机的波浪能发电系统综述

本文介绍了波浪能利用的背景和现状,以及直线发电机在当前波浪能发电装置中的优越性;介绍了基于直线电机的波浪能发电装置的结构与工作原理。对波浪能发电机组和电网间不同的联接方式进行了定性分析和比较。基于直线电机的波浪能发电装置具有效率高、结构简单以及安装维护简易等特点,在波浪能利用领域具有广阔的应用和发展前景。     

低频波浪在常水深地形中传播的数值研究

利用基于Boussinesq方程的波浪辐射应力计算模型,模拟常水深地形中传播的低频波浪,研究其形态变化,以及低频波浪与波浪辐射应力之间的关系。结果发现约束长波的波幅和波群的辐射应力值基本保持在某一均值不变;主频的波幅、约束长波的波幅都会做一定周期的震荡,同时波群的辐射应力也随之而震荡,三者之间的变化关系是波群非线性能量传递的表现。     

IPS式波能转换装置实验研究

介绍了一种新型高效的IPS式波能转换装置,通过不同波况下实验装置输出功率的比较,得出了适合该装置工作的最佳入射波周期,为IPS式波能转换装置的工程应用提供了有益的参考。     

Numerical study on active wave devouring propulsion

The possibility of extracting energy from gravity waves for marine propulsion was numerically studied by a two-dimensional oscillating hydrofoil in this study. The commercially available computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used for the unstructured grid based on the Reynolds-average Navier?CStokes equation. The free surface waves and motion of the flapping foil were implemented by customizing the FLUENT solver using a user-defined function technique. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing capabilities were fully utilized. The validation of the model was carried out using experimental data for an oscillation hydrofoil under the waves. The results of the simulation were investigated in detail in order to explain the increase of propeller efficiency in gravity waves. Eight design parameters were identified and it was found that some of them greatly affected the performance of wave energy extraction by the active oscillating hydrofoil. Finally, the overall results suggested that when the design parameters are correctly maintained, the present approach can increase the performance of the oscillating hydrofoil by absorbing energy from sea waves.     

Wave energy assessments in the Black Sea

The present work aims to evaluate the wave energy resources in the Black Sea basin. The study is focused on the western part of the sea, which is traditionally considered as being more energetic. In order to give a first perspective of the wave climate, a medium-term wave analysis was carried out using in situ measured data. As a further step, a wave prediction system was implemented for the Black Sea. This was based on the simulating waves near-shore model, which is used for both wave generation and near-shore transformation. This methodology has the advantage that a single model covers the full scale of the modelling process. Various tests were performed considering data measured at three different locations. Special attention was paid to the whitecapping process, which is still widely considered to be the weak link in deep water wave modelling. Comparisons carried out against measured data show that the wave prediction system generally provides reliable results, especially in terms of significant wave heights and mean periods. By increasing the resolution in geographical space, the field distributions of wave energy were analysed for both high and average wave conditions. The analysis and the wave prediction system developed are a prerequisite for further investigations extended in time and with increased resolution in the near-shore direction.     

波浪动力艇模型自航试验及数值仿真

为解决受控主动摆翼驱动装置复杂、机械效率较低的问题,研究依靠升沉运动产生的力矩来驱动俯仰运动的被动摆翼装置,并将其应用于波浪动力艇.在波浪作用下,将被动摆翼安装于艇体底部的一定位置处,产生的推力即可推艇前进.在模型试验中,通过改变波浪周期、波高和控制机构的设置,比较试验艇的自由航行速度.结果表明,试验艇的航速与波高呈正相关关系,且当波长与船长之比约为1.8时推进效果最佳.通过数值仿真,显示两种控制机构配置时的水翼工作过程,并估算在一定波浪参数下波浪动力艇可达到的航速,所估算的航速与试验结果吻合较好.     

基于LabVIEW的“海院1号”波浪发电平台浮筒取能效率数据采集系统设计

浮筒取能效率测试是波浪发电平台研究的重要组成部分。传统的测试系统不但测量精度低,而且自动化程度低、操作复杂。为此,该文基于“海院1号”波浪发电平台,采用虚拟仪器LabVIEW软件开发了浮筒取能效率数据采集系统。文中介绍了“海院1号”波浪发电平台及其浮筒,进行了测试系统的设计,实现了浮筒取能效率测试的数据采集、数据管理、曲线拟合及绘制、生成报表、信号分析以及数据处理等工程。对实际运行效果进行分析,结果表明该系统具有精度高、运行稳定可靠、自动化程度高、人机界面友好以及操作简单等特点,具有重要的工程实践意义。     

港内波能集中及治理措施试验研究

以烟台西港区工作船码头为例,介绍了港内波能集中现象。该港口在防波堤建设后,工作船泊位前的泊稳条件并未像预期那样得到改善。通过物理模型试验和理论分析,找出了波能集中形成的原因。并通过物理模型试验研究了不同的整治措施,包括减少进入港内的波能和在港内增加消波措施等不同方法,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

了对垂荡运动浮子在海水淡化中的应用探讨

介绍了基于相对垂荡运动的波能转换装置进行海水淡化系统的结构及工作原理,该装置能够效率较高的吸收和转化波浪能,并利用反渗透法直接进行海水淡化。分析表明:在一定设计参数下的相对垂荡浮子所吸收的波浪能,能够满足海水淡化系统正常工作。     

波浪能发电系统浮板的优化设计

本文针对波浪能发电系统设计中浮板能量转换效率低的问题,基于海南省某地现有波浪能发电实验站的波浪能采集装置,采用Fluent软件进行建模仿真的方法对其进行优化设计,提出了一种优化摆式浮板的设计方案。通过比较原浮板和优化浮板在吸收波浪水平方向动能的能力、能量损耗、浮板积水问题等方面的差异,研究结果表明这种优化的摆式浮板成功实现浮板在收集波浪水平动能能力上的提升,并且解决浮板积水问题,减小能量损耗,从而提高了浮板能量转换效率。     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

局部开挖减少航道外波能集中的规律研究

通过波浪数学模型,对航道局部开挖使波能重新分配的规律进行研究,分析不同开挖形式对波能集中的影响,用以解决工程实际问题。     

孟加拉国圣马丁岛周围的波能资源分析（英文）

S aint Martin Island is the only coral island and one of the well-known tourist spots in Bangladesh.Because of its geographic location,electricity cannot be supplied from the mainland through the electricity grid.Diesel generators and solar power are the only means of electricity generation presently available there.Surrounded by the sea,Saint Martin Island has the ideal conditions for wave energy extraction.In this research,numerical models have been developed using the Delft3 D simulation software to determine the wave characteristics of different locations around Saint Martin Island.The results have been calibrated and validated against the data obtained from well-known data sources.The wave power densities have been calculated using the data obtained from the simulation models.The findings of the research show that the wave power density increases significantly from shallow water to deep water and a large amount of wave energy can be extracted during the summer and rainy monsoon seasons.The maximum hourly average value of wave power in 2016 has been determined to be6.90 kW/m at location with a water depth of 27.80 m.Wave energy resources are also observed to be sufficiently stable with the coefficients of variation of wave power density less than 0.62,except for December,January,and May of that particular year.Moreover,the annual effective energies have been determined to be within the range of 36.57 to 57.28 MWh/m,which will be sufficient to meet the electricity requirement of the island communities.     

Hydrodynamic characteristics of double permeable breakwater under regular waves

The wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation of the double vertical wall with permeable lower part (horizontal slots) were experimentally and theoretically studied under normal regular waves. The effect of different wave and structural parameters on the hydrodynamic characteristics was investigated e.g. the wave length, the upper part drafts, the lower part porosities, and the space between the double walls. Also, the theoretical model based on an EigenFunction Expansion Method was developed to study the hydrodynamic breakwater performance. In order to examine the validity of the theoretical model, the theoretical results were compared with the present experimental results. Comparison between experiments and predictions showed that theoretical model provides a good estimate to the wave transmission, reflection, and energy dissipation coefficients when the friction factor f = 3. The hydrodynamic efficiency of the proposed breakwater is strongly affected by changing the following: (1) The two upper part drafts together, (2) The upper part draft of the first barrier, (3) The two lower part porosities together, (4) The lower part porosity of the first barrier.     

鹰式装置“万山号”总体设计概述

100kW鹰式波浪能发电装置工程样机“万山号”为一基多体式设计,四个鹰式吸波浮体共享水下附体、能量转换系统及锚泊系统。通过一系列模型试验,获得最优负载。根据模型试验结果,确定了实海况装置的出力参数。为稳定地获得标准电力与试验数据,设计了涵盖蓄能、发电、变电模块、电气监控模块、电源模块、浮态监控模块和岸基模块等多个模块的电气系统。通过锚泊系统计算与分析,确定了锚泊系统的选型参数。     

新型捕能消波浮式防波堤数值模拟与试验研究

采用数值模拟和物理试验研究方法,研究了新型捕能消波浮式防波堤savonius型桨叶两种布置形式的捕能及消波性能。利用STAR-CCM+数值仿真软件,通过调用重叠网格、时间二阶离散、增加数值迭代的方法,建立了浮式防波堤三维水动力模型并进行数值模拟。研制了该防波堤物理试验系统,测试浮式防波堤捕能消波性能,综合分析数值模拟与物理试验的结果。结果表明,该新型浮式防波堤在桨叶转动频率与波浪频率相近时捕能功率最大,桨叶并列布置方式的消波性能比桨叶垂直布置方式更为优越。     

基于统计过程控制理论的张力腿平台有效上浪波高分析

文章以统计过程控制理论(Statistical Process Control,SPC)为基础提出了一种张力腿平台甲板有效上浪高度计算模型,针对海浪波高是随机过程这一不确定因素导致的上浪波高没有确定解的情况,分析计算了波浪谱下的张力腿平台相对运动和有效上浪波高,计算得到了有效上浪波高控制中心均值、下管制限值、上管制限值和相应发生概率。由相同波浪参数下不同波浪谱计算得到的有效上浪波高控制中心均值相同这一结论,发现波浪能量在不同谱之间的分布是相同的,说明波浪能量在时间维度、空间维度和频率维度的分布是一致的。在求解有效上浪波高控制中心均值时,提出了能更好刻画波高在波浪参数下的分布形式的面积均值法,并由此方法计算控制中心均值和上管制限值。以一型张力腿平台为例,针对波浪谱中超过某一发生概率的情况,运用统计过程控制理论和SPC控制图,计算了有效上浪波高控制中心均值、下管制限值和上管制限值,判断随机有效上浪波高是否处于统计控制状态,发现了波浪谱中的发生概率越大,随机有效上浪波高越可控这一规律。比较不同波浪入射角的有效上浪波高控制中心均值,发现了不同波浪入射角对有效上浪波高影响不大、发生概率对有效上浪波高影响较大的规律。最后基于统计过程控制理论计算得到整个有效上浪波高均值、发生概率、下管制限值和上管制限值。提出了在有效上浪波高均值和上管制限值之间结构物会受到交变载荷的作用容易疲劳损伤和腐蚀损伤的建议。结果表明该方法可以对张力腿平台有效上浪波高进行计算,并可推广应用于其它海上结构物的有效上浪波高计算。