ISB可行性分析及对我国运用该技术的思考

现场燃烧作为一项海上溢油应急处理措施,其采纳和实施受限于诸多方面的因素。然而,在特定条件下现场燃烧却是最佳甚至是唯一的海上溢油应急处理方案。目前,我国在该领域的研究几乎处于空白。文章系统地从溢油应急的硬件、软件、人件和环境等角度出发,对影响海上溢油现场燃烧因素进行了综合分析,并建议我国应从管理、培训、资源配置、应急预案等方面为运用该技术做预先准备。     

溢油应急监测无人机的机型选择及应用

近年来,无人机技术发展迅速,在各个行业中开展了创新应用,并取得了较好的成果。本文针对溢油事件发生地点的特殊性和突发性、状况复杂的特点,提出在溢油应急工作中使用无人机进行溢油应急监测,快速准确地掌握现场情况。通过分析溢油应急监测工作对无人机在起降场地、性能、易用性等方面的技术要求,对比不同类型无人机的特点,提出不同场景下适合溢油应急监测的无人机机型,将其应用到溢油应急监测工作中,为快速、科学的溢油应急处理提供有力支撑。     

南海深水区含气的溢油模拟技术

针对南海存在深水区发生水下溢油事故会引发天然气泄漏的问题,基于Lagrange积分法和Lagrange粒子追踪法建立含气的水下溢油数值模型,重点探讨油气溶解和水合物合成分解等过程,模拟天然气和溢油在水体中的迁移扩散轨迹,选择南海某油气田为研究对象,模拟油气泄漏后对海洋环境的影响,模拟数据可为溢油应急计划编制或现场应急处置提供技术支撑。     

海冰存在条件下溢油应急难度分析及研究方向

从对冰区溢油的监测预测、船舶航行、溢油围控、回收处理等方面的难度进行分析,结合国内外针对冰区溢油应急响应现状,从技术的角度提出了未来的研究方向建议,为提高国内针对冰区的溢油应急响应能力,促进溢油应急响应技术的发展起到积极推动的作用。     

冰区溢油特点分析及应急策略探讨

冰区溢油受其特殊地理环境、温度等因素的直接影响,表现形态各异,一直是溢油应急反应的一个技术难点。本文在分析积冰的形成、特点以及影响冰区溢油形态的基础上,提出了针对冰区溢油采取的应急反应策略。     

珠江口区域海上溢油动态预测信息系统的开发与应用

为了对《珠江口区域溢油应急计划》提供决策支持,在国内外相关研究成果基础上,针对珠江口海域的特点,研究开发了先进实用的"珠江口区域海上溢油动态预报信息系统",综合了三维潮流模型、三维溢油扩散模型、溢油风化模型、应急反应模型、以及电子海图、地理信息系统(GIS)、数据库等关键技术。该系统可以预测模拟并可视化显示海上溢油的漂移扩散和性质变化过程,同时显示环境敏感区和应急人员设备分布等相关信息。实际溢油应用案例表明,该系统的预报模拟结果与现场实际情况完全相符,能有效地提高海上溢油污染事故的应急决策效率。     

群岛海域溢油应急处置系统分析

以舟山群岛海域为例,介绍海上溢油模拟技术,分析利用岛、礁等有利地形进行海上溢油快速围控的技术,并设计一种适合于恶劣海况下工作且自动化程度较高的水上溢油清理装置,构建起一个包括前期分析预测-中间过程控制-后期清理的较为完整的溢油应急处置系统。同时,从海事部门角度探讨在信息整合、资源协调和现场处置等方面的对策,为溢油应急处置提供一些有益的参考。     

创新思路 转型应急应用技术研究

近年来,中国海事局烟台溢油应急技术中心立足于溢油应急设备库管理,快速、准确实施溢油应急行动,开拓思路,大胆创新,并逐步向溢油应急应用技术研究转型,为提升溢油应急能力作了有益尝试。     

空天协同的海上溢油监测案例分析

为获得准确全面的海洋溢油监测结果,提高海上溢油应急处置能力,应用和分析卫星和航空机载手段协同观测的溢油监测方法。以蓬莱19-3平台溢油事故为例,使用环境卫星CCD数据经最小噪声分离变换(MNF)处理后得到疑似油膜区域,利用航空高光谱数据识别油膜区域并基于面向对象分割方法提取溢油信息,通过现场获得的照片和视频等现场信息对溢油提取信息进行验证。2种手段的监测结果具有较高的一致性,多手段协同方式应用在海洋溢油监测上具有必要性和可行性。     

突发性海洋溢油事故预警应急联动机制研究

有效的溢油事故预警与应急反应不仅可以预防溢油事故所造成的各种经济和社会损失,而且对保护海洋环境、维护海洋资源的可持续利用起到重要作用。从溢油应急技术和应急管理现状入手,分析建立预警应急联动机制的必要性,探讨并建立了溢油事故预警应急联动的总体框架,提出了该机制正常运行的实施建议,以研究、补充安全管理中的不足,提高我国溢油应急的管理能力和技术水平。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

正~~     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。